Make use of C++ standard library

io.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 #include <avr/io.h>
 #include <avr/sfr_defs.h>
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@
 #define PIN_C7_AVAILABLE
 #endif
 
-#define FORCE_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
-
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Library implementation
 
@@ -104,6 +102,8 @@ enum class P {
 	D6 = 0x36,
 	D7 = 0x37,
 #endif
+
+	NONE,
 };
 
 enum class Bus {
@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ enum class Bus {
 #ifdef PORT_D_AVAILABLE
 	D = 0x03,
 #endif
+
+	NONE,
 };
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -130,10 +132,10 @@ namespace detail {
 The following works in avr-gcc 5.4.0, but is not legal C++, because ptr's are not legal constexpr's:
   constexpr auto *foo = ptr;
 
-Workaround is to store the the address of the ptr in a uintptr_t and reinterpret_cast it at call site.
+Workaround is to store the address of the ptr in a uintptr_t and reinterpret_cast it at call site.
 The _SFR_ADDR macro in sfr_defs.h would give the address, but it does that by taking the address of the dereferenced
 pointer and casts it to uint16_t, which is still not a legal constexpr.
-The workaround therefore is to disable the pointer cast and dereference macro _MMIO_BYTE temporarily.
+The workaround therefore is to disable the pointer-cast-and-dereference macro _MMIO_BYTE temporarily.
 */
 
 #pragma push_macro("_MMIO_BYTE")
@@ -186,20 +188,20 @@ static constexpr uintptr_t PORT_D_INPUT_REG_ADDR = 0;
 static constexpr auto getBus(const P pin)
 {
 	// Upper 4 bits of pin encode which port this pin is on
-	uint8_t port = static_cast<uint8_t>(pin) >> 4 & 0x0F;
+	const auto port = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(pin) >> 4 & 0x0F;
 	return static_cast<Bus>(port);
 }
 
 static constexpr auto getPinBit(const P pin)
 {
 	// Lower 4 bits of pin encode which pin bit it is
-	uint8_t pinBit = static_cast<uint8_t>(pin) & 0x0F;
+	const auto pinBit = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(pin) & 0x0F;
 	return pinBit;
 }
 
 static constexpr auto getDDR(const Bus bus)
 {
-	switch (static_cast<uint8_t>(bus)) {
+	switch (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(bus)) {
 	case 0: // Bus::A
 		return PORT_A_DIR_REG_ADDR;
 	case 1: // Bus::B
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ static constexpr auto getDDR(const Bus bus)
 
 static constexpr auto getPORT(const Bus bus)
 {
-	switch (static_cast<uint8_t>(bus)) {
+	switch (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(bus)) {
 	case 0: // Bus::A
 		return PORT_A_OUTPUT_REG_ADDR;
 	case 1: // Bus::B
@@ -227,7 +229,7 @@ static constexpr auto getPORT(const Bus bus)
 
 static constexpr auto getPIN(const Bus bus)
 {
-	switch (static_cast<uint8_t>(bus)) {
+	switch (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(bus)) {
 	case 0: // Bus::A
 		return PORT_A_INPUT_REG_ADDR;
 	case 1: // Bus::B
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ static constexpr auto getPIN(const Bus bus)
 	}
 }
 
-using reg_ptr_t = volatile uint8_t *;
+using reg_ptr_t = volatile std::uint8_t *;
 
 template <uintptr_t Address>
 static inline reg_ptr_t getRegPtr()
@@ -247,6 +249,41 @@ static inline reg_ptr_t getRegPtr()
 	return reinterpret_cast<reg_ptr_t>(Address);
 }
 
+template <template <P, std::uint8_t> typename Func, P pin, P... pins>
+struct CallHelper {
+	template <typename... Args>
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void call(Args... args)
+	{
+		Func<pin, sizeof...(pins)>::call(args...);
+		CallHelper<Func, pins...>::call(args...);
+	}
+};
+
+template <template <P, std::uint8_t> typename Func, P pin>
+struct CallHelper<Func, pin> {
+	template <typename... Args>
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void call(Args... args)
+	{
+		Func<pin, 0>::call(args...);
+	}
+};
+
+template <template <P> typename Func, P pin, P... pins>
+struct ReadCallHelper {
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline std::uint8_t call()
+	{
+		return Func<pin>::call() << sizeof...(pins) | ReadCallHelper<Func, pins...>::call();
+	}
+};
+
+template <template <P> typename Func, P pin>
+struct ReadCallHelper<Func, pin> {
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline std::uint8_t call()
+	{
+		return Func<pin>::call();
+	}
+};
+
 } // namespace detail
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -264,79 +301,88 @@ class Pin {
 	// The only valid way to create a Pin object is with the default constructor
 	Pin() = default;
 
-	static inline void dir(const Dir dir) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void dir(const Dir dir)
 	{
+		if constexpr (pin != P::NONE) {
 			constexpr auto bus = detail::getBus(pin);
 			constexpr auto pinBit = detail::getPinBit(pin);
 
-		detail::reg_ptr_t dirRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getDDR(bus)>();
+			auto dirRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getDDR(bus)>();
 
 			if (dir == Dir::IN)
-			*dirRegPtr &= ~(1 << pinBit);
+				*dirRegPtr = *dirRegPtr & ~(1 << pinBit);
 			else if (dir == Dir::OUT)
-			*dirRegPtr |= (1 << pinBit);
+				*dirRegPtr = *dirRegPtr | (1 << pinBit);
+		}
 	}
 
-	static inline void pullup(const bool enable) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void pullup(const bool enable)
 	{
+		if constexpr (pin != P::NONE) {
 			constexpr auto bus = detail::getBus(pin);
 			constexpr auto pinBit = detail::getPinBit(pin);
 
-		detail::reg_ptr_t portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(bus)>();
+			auto portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(bus)>();
 
 			if (enable)
-			*portRegPtr |= (1 << pinBit);
+				*portRegPtr = *portRegPtr | (1 << pinBit);
 			else
-			*portRegPtr &= ~(1 << pinBit);
+				*portRegPtr = *portRegPtr & ~(1 << pinBit);
+		}
 	}
 
-	static inline void write(const bool value) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void write(const bool value)
 	{
+		if constexpr (pin != P::NONE) {
 			constexpr auto bus = detail::getBus(pin);
 			constexpr auto pinBit = detail::getPinBit(pin);
 
-		detail::reg_ptr_t portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(bus)>();
+			auto portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(bus)>();
 
 			if (value)
-			*portRegPtr |= (1 << pinBit);
+				*portRegPtr = *portRegPtr | (1 << pinBit);
 			else
-			*portRegPtr &= ~(1 << pinBit);
+				*portRegPtr = *portRegPtr & ~(1 << pinBit);
+		}
 	}
 
-	static inline void toggle() FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void toggle()
 	{
+		if constexpr (pin != P::NONE) {
 			constexpr auto bus = detail::getBus(pin);
 			constexpr auto pinBit = detail::getPinBit(pin);
 
 #ifdef HARDWARE_TOGGLE
-		detail::reg_ptr_t pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(bus)>();
+			auto pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(bus)>();
-		*pinRegPtr |= (1 << pinBit);
+			*pinRegPtr = *pinRegPtr | (1 << pinBit);
 #else
-		detail::reg_ptr_t portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(bus)>();
+			auto portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(bus)>();
-		*portRegPtr ^= (1 << pinBit);
+			*portRegPtr = *portRegPtr ^ (1 << pinBit);
 #endif
 		}
+	}
 
-	static inline bool read() FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline bool read()
 	{
+		if constexpr (pin != P::NONE) {
 			constexpr auto bus = detail::getBus(pin);
 			constexpr auto pinBit = detail::getPinBit(pin);
 
-		detail::reg_ptr_t pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(bus)>();
+			auto pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(bus)>();
 
 			if (*pinRegPtr >> pinBit & 1)
 				return true;
-
+		}
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	Pin &operator=(const bool value) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] Pin &operator=(const bool value)
 	{
 		write(value);
 		return *this;
 	}
 
-	operator bool() const FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] operator bool() const
 	{
 		return read();
 	}
@@ -357,57 +403,156 @@ class Port {
 	// The only valid way to create a Port object is with the default constructor
 	Port() = default;
 
-	static inline void dir(const Dir dir) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void dir(const Dir dir)
 	{
-		detail::reg_ptr_t dirRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getDDR(port)>();
+		if constexpr (port != Bus::NONE) {
+			auto dirRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getDDR(port)>();
 
 			if (dir == Dir::IN)
 				*dirRegPtr = 0x00;
 			else if (dir == Dir::OUT)
 				*dirRegPtr = 0xFF;
 		}
+	}
 
-	static inline void pullup(const bool enable) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void pullup(const bool enable)
 	{
-		detail::reg_ptr_t portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(port)>();
+		if constexpr (port != Bus::NONE) {
+			auto portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(port)>();
 
 			if (enable)
 				*portRegPtr = 0xFF;
 			else
 				*portRegPtr = 0x00;
 		}
-
-	static inline void write(const uint8_t value) FORCE_INLINE
-	{
-		detail::reg_ptr_t portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(port)>();
-		*portRegPtr = value;
 	}
 
-	static inline void invert() FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void write([[maybe_unused]] const std::uint8_t value)
 	{
+		if constexpr (port != Bus::NONE) {
+			auto portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(port)>();
+			*portRegPtr = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void invert()
+	{
+		if constexpr (port != Bus::NONE) {
 #ifdef HARDWARE_TOGGLE
-		detail::reg_ptr_t pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(port)>();
+			auto pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(port)>();
 			*pinRegPtr = 0xFF;
 #else
-		detail::reg_ptr_t portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(port)>();
+			auto portRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPORT(port)>();
 			*portRegPtr = ~(*portRegPtr);
 #endif
 		}
-
-	static inline uint8_t read() FORCE_INLINE
-	{
-		detail::reg_ptr_t pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(port)>();
-
-		return *pinRegPtr;
 	}
 
-	inline Port &operator=(const uint8_t value) FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline std::uint8_t read()
+	{
+		if constexpr (port != Bus::NONE) {
+			auto pinRegPtr = detail::getRegPtr<detail::getPIN(port)>();
+			return *pinRegPtr;
+		}
+		return 0x00;
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] inline Port &operator=(const std::uint8_t value)
 	{
 		write(value);
 		return *this;
 	}
 
-	inline operator uint8_t() const FORCE_INLINE
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] inline operator std::uint8_t() const
+	{
+		return read();
+	}
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Zero overhead Virtual Port object for pretty code without losing performance
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <P pin, std::uint8_t offset>
+struct Callers {
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static void call(const Dir dir)
+	{
+		Pin<pin>::dir(dir);
+	};
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static void call(const bool enable)
+	{
+		Pin<pin>::pullup(enable);
+	};
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static void call(const std::uint8_t value)
+	{
+		Pin<pin>::write(value >> offset & 1);
+	};
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static void call()
+	{
+		Pin<pin>::toggle();
+	};
+};
+
+template <P pin>
+struct readCaller {
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static bool call()
+	{
+		return Pin<pin>::read();
+	};
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <P... pins>
+class VirtPort {
+  public:
+	static_assert(sizeof...(pins) <= 8, "A virtual port cannot have more than 8 pins");
+
+	// VirtPort objects cannot be moved or copied
+	VirtPort(const VirtPort &) = delete;
+	VirtPort(VirtPort &&) = delete;
+	VirtPort &operator=(const VirtPort &) = delete;
+	VirtPort &operator=(VirtPort &&) = delete;
+
+	// The only valid way to create a VirtPort object is with the default constructor
+	VirtPort() = default;
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void dir(const Dir dir)
+	{
+		detail::CallHelper<detail::Callers, pins...>::call(dir);
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void pullup(const bool enable)
+	{
+		detail::CallHelper<detail::Callers, pins...>::call(enable);
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void write(const std::uint8_t value)
+	{
+		detail::CallHelper<detail::Callers, pins...>::call(value);
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline void invert()
+	{
+		detail::CallHelper<detail::Callers, pins...>::call();
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] static inline std::uint8_t read()
+	{
+		return detail::ReadCallHelper<detail::readCaller, pins...>::call();
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] inline VirtPort &operator=(const std::uint8_t value)
+	{
+		write(value);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	[[gnu::always_inline]] inline operator std::uint8_t() const
 	{
 		return read();
 	}
@@ -429,5 +574,3 @@ class Port {
 #undef PIN_B6_AVAILABLE
 #undef PIN_B7_AVAILABLE
 #undef PIN_C7_AVAILABLE
-
-#undef FORCE_INLINE