tsb: third size pass — restructure to the oracle's shape

The second pass concluded the 168 B tricks->asm gap was per-call ABI
cost. Most of it was structure. Rebuilt around the oracle's own shape —
argless noinline primitives over a whole-loader call-saved register
protocol (g_addr in Y, count r16, window r7, direction latch r6), a
top-down erase_below whose loop tests against zero and hands callers
g_addr = 0 for free, bounded rx everywhere (a silent host unwinds to
the app from any state, as the oracle does), and a named tsb_app entry
that --pmem-wrap-around=32k relaxes to the wrapped rjmp:

  tsb_asm    510 B in the 512 B section (oracle: 500), C++ except rx
             and the page-store loop — the two routines whose remaining
             cost is the calling convention itself (~30 asm lines, was
             ~280)
  tsb_tricks 526 B, no assembly at all (was 666)
  tsb_pure   836 B, still one readable function per command (was 842)

Every g_* update placement works around a GCC 16.1 wrong-code bug
(stores into global register variables deleted when only callees read
them — repro and rules in libavr dev/lessons.md). Also fixes two
latent hardware bugs all earlier tiers carried, masked by simavr's
zeroed register file: the crt-less entries never established
__zero_reg__ = 0, and the direction latch was read before written —
power-on registers are undefined.

All tiers full oracle feature parity, protocol tests green in both
libavr modes, .text byte-identical across modes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01JYufebsiWvGkAJ2fLAB1gT

.clang-format

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ TabWidth: 4
 UseTab: ForIndentation
 AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
-BreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
 BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
 BraceWrapping:
   AfterFunction: true
-InsertBraces: true
 ...

.clangd

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-# Editor accommodations for the second frontend. No compilation database is
-# named here: this repo rides as a submodule in its consumers, and this file
-# travels with it — a consumer's own database then covers these sources, with
-# that project's loader flags. The checkout that is opened as a folder names
-# its build tree in .vscode/settings.json instead.
-CompileFlags:
-  Add:
-    # clang has no 24-bit integer and GCC's are keywords, not macros, so the
-    # editor needs a stand-in for avr::uint24_t. The next width up is the only
-    # one available — clang rejects _BitInt(24) on this target.
-    - -D__uint24=unsigned long
-    - -D__int24=long
-    # clangd forwards the driver's system includes but not its own header
-    # directory, so <stdint.h> resolves to avr-libc's, which still gates the
-    # limit and constant macros on the C++98 opt-in.
-    - -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
-    - -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
-    # isr::emit spells a vector number into [[gnu::signal(N)]], which clang
-    # rejects rather than ignores — enough of them in one TU to reach the
-    # default limit of 19 inside the headers and truncate the parse.
-    - -ferror-limit=0
-  Remove:
-    # Codegen shaping the loader TUs carry and clang has no spelling for.
-    - -fira-algorithm=*
-    - -fno-split-wide-types
-    - -fno-tree-ter
-    - -fno-ivopts
-    - -fno-move-loop-invariants
-    # The build promotes warnings for the compiler that has to be right about
-    # them; in the editor the flag paints a second frontend's opinions in the
-    # colour reserved for things that do not compile.
-    - -Werror
-Diagnostics:
-  Suppress:
-    # clang's AVR `signal` attribute takes no arguments and it knows none of
-    # progmem, naked or OS_main. A misspelling is what the build is for.
-    - attribute_wrong_number_arguments
-    - unknown-attributes

.gitattributes

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-# Line endings are the repository's, not the editing machine's: this checkout
-# is reached from two hosts, and a file rewritten by a Windows tool comes back
-# with every line changed unless something says otherwise. Naming the source
-# extensions left Markdown, Python, shell and CMake to whatever the writing
-# tool defaulted to, which is CRLF on one of the two.
-* text=auto eol=lf
-
-# Atmel Studio writes these and expects them back.
+*.h         eol=lf
+*.hpp       eol=lf
+*.c         eol=lf
+*.cpp       eol=lf
+.git*       eol=lf
 *.vcxproj*  eol=crlf
 *.cppproj   eol=crlf
 *.sln       eol=crlf

.gitignore

@@ -12,10 +12,5 @@ Debug
 
 # CMake / clangd
 /build/
-/local/
 compile_commands.json
 .cache/
-
-# Python
-__pycache__/
-*.pyc

.gitmodules

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "libavr"]
-	path = libavr
-	url = ../libavr.git

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
-	"recommendations": [
-		"llvm-vs-code-extensions.vscode-clangd",
-		"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
-	]
-}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-{
-	// clangd is the language server; the cpptools engine would parse every file
-	// a second time and disagree, since nothing tells it about a cross
-	// compiler.
-	"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "disabled",
-
-	// --query-driver lets clangd ask the cross compiler for its own system
-	// includes and target. The database is named here rather than in .clangd
-	// because that file travels with the driver into a consumer's submodule,
-	// where a build tree of this repo's own need not exist.
-	"clangd.arguments": [
-		"--compile-commands-dir=${workspaceFolder}/build/atmega328p-generated",
-		"--query-driver=**avr-g++*",
-		"--header-insertion=never"
-	],
-
-	// The presets are the build interface, and the toolchain file inside the
-	// libavr submodule is the one place the compiler is chosen. **No prefix is
-	// named here**: a committed file may not name a path that is true of one
-	// machine (libavr guidance rule 50), so the gitignored local/machine.cmake
-	// at this repository's root is where a checkout says where its toolchain
-	// is - one file, and it answers for both hosts.
-	"cmake.useCMakePresets": "always",
-	"cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
-	"cmake.options.statusBarVisibility": "compact",
-
-	"files.watcherExclude": {
-		"**/build/**": true,
-		"**/libavr/**": true
-	},
-
-	"files.associations": {
-		".clangd": "yaml",
-		".clang-format": "yaml"
-	}
-}

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,119 +2,72 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.28)
 
 project(tsb_libavr LANGUAGES CXX)
 
-# libavr rides as the pinned submodule; LIBAVR_ROOT (cache or environment)
-# overrides it for tandem development against a working tree. The toolchain
-# file comes from the submodule via CMakePresets.json either way.
+# libavr from a local checkout (LIBAVR_ROOT) or the forge; the toolchain file
+# comes from the same checkout via CMakePresets.json.
+include(FetchContent)
 if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT AND DEFINED ENV{LIBAVR_ROOT})
 	set(LIBAVR_ROOT $ENV{LIBAVR_ROOT})
 endif()
-if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT)
-	set(LIBAVR_ROOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libavr)
+if(LIBAVR_ROOT)
+	FetchContent_Declare(libavr SOURCE_DIR ${LIBAVR_ROOT})
+else()
+	FetchContent_Declare(libavr GIT_REPOSITORY git@git.blackmark.me:avr/libavr.git GIT_TAG main)
 endif()
-if(NOT EXISTS ${LIBAVR_ROOT}/CMakeLists.txt)
-	message(FATAL_ERROR "libavr not found at ${LIBAVR_ROOT} - run: git submodule update --init libavr")
-endif()
-add_subdirectory(${LIBAVR_ROOT} libavr-build)
-
-include(${LIBAVR_ROOT}/cmake/checks.cmake)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(libavr)
 
 if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	add_compile_options(-Werror) # warnings are errors for the port's own code
 	enable_testing()
 
-	# Rules 11 and 33 over this repo's own sources. The oracle's assembly needs
-	# no exclusion: it is neither formatted nor ASCII-checked, being in neither
-	# glob, which is the right answer for a vendored reference whose text is
-	# the artifact.
-	libavr_format_test()
-
-	# The behavioral tests drive the real wire protocols over a simavr pty
-	# (as the host tools do) and actually flash the device. The runner is a
-	# host program built at configure time against libsimavr (C++23 - what the
-	# distribution's compiler speaks in full).
-	#
-	# **A host that cannot build it registers those tests anyway and skips
-	# them.** They used to be left out, which makes the suite a different size
-	# on a different machine - and a suite whose size is a property of the
-	# machine is one nothing can be compared against.
-	set(TSB_DEVICE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tsb_device)
-	find_program(_host_cxx NAMES c++ g++)
-	set(_tsb_absent "${LIBAVR_NO_PYTHON}")
-	if(NOT _host_cxx)
-		set(_tsb_absent "no host C++ compiler on PATH, and the simavr device is a host program")
-	elseif(NOT _tsb_absent)
+	# The behavioral test drives the real TinySafeBoot wire protocol over a
+	# simavr pty (as the host tools do) and actually flashes the device. The
+	# runner is a host program built at configure time against libsimavr; if it
+	# or Python is missing, only the size tests run.
+	find_program(_host_cc NAMES cc gcc)
+	find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter)
+	if(_host_cc AND Python3_FOUND)
+		set(TSB_DEVICE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tsb_device)
 		execute_process(
-		    COMMAND ${_host_cxx} -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -O2
-		            -I/usr/include/simavr -I/usr/include/simavr/parts
-		            -o ${TSB_DEVICE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/device.cpp
+		    COMMAND ${_host_cc} -O2 -I/usr/include/simavr -I/usr/include/simavr/parts
+		            -o ${TSB_DEVICE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/device.c
 		            -lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf
 		    RESULT_VARIABLE _dev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _dev_err)
 		if(NOT _dev_res EQUAL 0)
-			# One bounded line of it: this becomes a single argument on a
-			# command line, and the reading has to say what stopped the build
-			# rather than that something did.
-			string(REGEX REPLACE "[\r\n\t]+" " " _dev_err "${_dev_err}")
-			string(REPLACE ";" "," _dev_err "${_dev_err}")
-			string(LENGTH "${_dev_err}" _dev_len)
-			if(_dev_len GREATER 240)
-				string(SUBSTRING "${_dev_err}" 0 240 _dev_err)
-			endif()
-			set(_tsb_absent "test/device.cpp does not build here: ${_dev_err}")
+			message(STATUS "tsb_device not built (${_dev_err}) — protocol tests skipped")
+			unset(TSB_DEVICE)
 		endif()
 	endif()
-	libavr_launcher(_tsb_python "${_tsb_absent}" ${Python3_EXECUTABLE})
-	if(_tsb_absent)
-		message(STATUS "the protocol tests skip here - ${_tsb_absent}")
-	endif()
 endif()
 
-# The ELF is only a container (symbols, section headers) and is never flashed -
-# and the host tool's load_image() dispatches on extension, so handing it one
-# would silently program the header bytes. Every loader image therefore gets
-# both flashable forms beside it at link time: .hex for avrdude, and .bin for
-# the host tool's raw path (which is what the reloc and update tests convert to
-# on the fly). .eeprom is dropped - EEPROM content is its own update.
-function(add_image_outputs name)
-	add_custom_command(TARGET ${name} POST_BUILD
-	                   COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O ihex -R .eeprom
-	                           $<TARGET_FILE:${name}> $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>.hex
-	                   COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary -R .eeprom
-	                           $<TARGET_FILE:${name}> $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>.bin)
-endfunction()
-
-# The TinySafeBoot protocol reimplemented on libavr in variants that trade
+# The TinySafeBoot protocol reimplemented on libavr in three variants that trade
 # clarity for size. Each links into the ATmega328P boot section (BOOTSZ selects
-# its size; BOOTRST vectors a reset to its base) with -nostartfiles - a polled
-# loader has no use for the crt or the vector table. The entry sits in
-# .vectors, laid first, and runs - avr::startup::entry on the policy tier,
-# the experiment tiers' own naked stubs elsewhere, each documented in its
-# source. The boot base is FLASHEND+1 minus the section size; the linker
-# section-start and the source's boot_bytes agree. tsb_app is
+# its size; BOOTRST vectors a reset to its base) with -nostartfiles — a polled
+# loader has no use for the crt or the vector table. The naked entry sits in
+# .vectors, laid first, and runs. The boot base is FLASHEND+1 minus the section
+# size; the linker section-start and the source's boot_bytes agree. tsb_app is
 # the application's reset vector, pinned to 0 here so the loaders jump to a
 # named function; --pmem-wrap-around lets relaxation turn that absolute jump
 # into the wrapped rjmp AVR's modulo-flash PC actually executes.
-# All four implement the full oracle feature set (see oracle/README.md):
+# All three implement the full oracle feature set (see oracle/README.md):
 # watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex, config-page activation timeout, password
 # gate, emergency erase, config/flash/EEPROM read-write. They differ only in how,
-# and the size gradient is the cost of that "how".
-#   tsb_asm    - the tricks tier's C++ with exactly two routines in asm: the
-#                 bounded rx and the page-store loop, the two whose remaining
-#                 cost is the C ABI itself. Everything else, bring-up to
-#                 dispatch, is C++ on libavr.
-#   tsb_tricks - no asm at all: the whole-loader register allocation lives in
+# and the size gradient is the cost of that "how" — see dev/lessons.md.
+#   tsb_asm   — the tricks tier's C++ with exactly two routines in asm (the
+#                 bounded rx and the page-store loop — the two whose remaining
+#                 cost is the C ABI itself): 510 B in the 512 B section the
+#                 hand-written 500 B oracle occupies. Everything else, from
+#                 bring-up to dispatch, is C++ on libavr.
+#   tsb_tricks — no asm at all: the whole-loader register allocation lives in
 #                 global register variables (Y walks the page pointer), every
 #                 helper is a tiny noinline primitive placed by the
 #                 global-register store rules, pages stream straight to
-#                 SPM/EEPROM.
-#   tsb_pure   - pure idiomatic libavr, one function per command, TU-local
-#                 (internal linkage), streaming (no SRAM page buffer).
-#   tsb_policy - the policy floor: no inline assembly and no global register
-#                 variables, which is philosophy #5's own bound, and the
-#                 measured evidence that the 512 B fit is a property of the
-#                 mechanisms it bans.
-#
-# What each measures is oracle/README.md's table, which is the one place the
-# four numbers and the hand-written loader's own are compared.
+#                 SPM/EEPROM, and the bring-up is the two reset-non-default
+#                 registers only. 526 B in the 1 KB section (BOOTSZ=10) — 14
+#                 over the oracle's section, from 168 over at this tier's first
+#                 floor.
+#   tsb_pure  — pure idiomatic libavr, one function per command, TU-local
+#                 (internal linkage), streaming (no SRAM page buffer): 836 B in
+#                 the 1 KB section.
 #
 # add_tsb_variant(<name> <boot-section-bytes>)
 function(add_tsb_variant name bytes)
@@ -125,33 +78,18 @@ function(add_tsb_variant name bytes)
 	target_link_options(${name} PRIVATE -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=${base_hex}
 	                    -Wl,--defsym=tsb_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k)
 	add_custom_command(TARGET ${name} POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_SIZE} $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>)
-	add_image_outputs(${name})
 	if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		add_test(NAME ${name}.size
 		         COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -DSIZE_TOOL=${CMAKE_SIZE} -DELF=$<TARGET_FILE:${name}>
 		                 -DLIMIT=${bytes} -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/check_size.cmake)
-		add_test(NAME ${name}.protocol
-		         COMMAND ${_tsb_python} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/tsbtest.py
-		                 ${TSB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:${name}> ${base_hex})
+		if(DEFINED TSB_DEVICE)
+			add_test(NAME ${name}.protocol
+			         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/tsbtest.py
+			                 ${TSB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:${name}> ${base_hex})
+		endif()
 	endif()
 endfunction()
 
-# The tiers reimplement the ATmega328P-only reference protocol, so the guard is
-# the whole of what this repo builds.
-if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
-	add_tsb_variant(tsb_asm 512)
-	add_tsb_variant(tsb_policy 1024)
-	add_tsb_variant(tsb_pure 1024)
-	add_tsb_variant(tsb_tricks 1024)
-	# The policy tier's floor needs these two: a loader's loop bodies all
-	# contain calls, which is what makes hoisting an invariant out of one cost
-	# more than it saves. The other tiers keep the flag set their recorded
-	# floors were measured with - none.
-	target_compile_options(tsb_policy PRIVATE -fno-move-loop-invariants -fno-tree-ter)
-endif()
-
-# Every test registered above carries the marker a stubbed launcher prints, so
-# a check this host cannot run reads as Skipped rather than Failed.
-if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
-	libavr_skip_unverified()
-endif()
+add_tsb_variant(tsb_asm 512)
+add_tsb_variant(tsb_pure 1024)
+add_tsb_variant(tsb_tricks 1024)

CMakePresets.json

@@ -1,84 +1,44 @@
 {
- "version": 8,
- "configurePresets": [
-  {
-   "name": "base",
-   "hidden": true,
-   "generator": "Ninja",
-   "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/${presetName}",
-   "toolchainFile": "${sourceDir}/libavr/cmake/avr-toolchain.cmake",
-   "cacheVariables": {
-    "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release",
-    "CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS": "ON",
-    "CMAKE_COLOR_DIAGNOSTICS": "ON"
-   }
-  },
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-generated",
-   "inherits": "base",
-   "cacheVariables": {
-    "LIBAVR_MCU": "atmega328p",
-    "LIBAVR_REFLECT": "OFF"
-   }
-  },
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-reflect",
-   "inherits": "base",
-   "cacheVariables": {
-    "LIBAVR_MCU": "atmega328p",
-    "LIBAVR_REFLECT": "ON"
-   }
-  }
- ],
- "buildPresets": [
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-generated",
-   "configurePreset": "atmega328p-generated"
-  },
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-reflect",
-   "configurePreset": "atmega328p-reflect"
-  }
- ],
- "testPresets": [
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-generated",
-   "configurePreset": "atmega328p-generated",
-   "output": {
-    "outputOnFailure": true
-   }
-  }
- ],
- "workflowPresets": [
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-generated",
-   "steps": [
-    {
-     "type": "configure",
-     "name": "atmega328p-generated"
-    },
-    {
-     "type": "build",
-     "name": "atmega328p-generated"
-    },
-    {
-     "type": "test",
-     "name": "atmega328p-generated"
-    }
-   ]
-  },
-  {
-   "name": "atmega328p-reflect",
-   "steps": [
-    {
-     "type": "configure",
-     "name": "atmega328p-reflect"
-    },
-    {
-     "type": "build",
-     "name": "atmega328p-reflect"
-    }
-   ]
-  }
- ]
+	"version": 8,
+	"configurePresets": [
+		{
+			"name": "base",
+			"hidden": true,
+			"generator": "Ninja",
+			"binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/${presetName}",
+			"toolchainFile": "$env{LIBAVR_ROOT}/cmake/avr-toolchain.cmake",
+			"cacheVariables": {
+				"CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release",
+				"CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS": "ON",
+				"CMAKE_COLOR_DIAGNOSTICS": "ON"
+			}
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "atmega328p-generated",
+			"inherits": "base",
+			"cacheVariables": { "LIBAVR_MCU": "atmega328p", "LIBAVR_REFLECT": "OFF" }
+		},
+		{
+			"name": "atmega328p-reflect",
+			"inherits": "base",
+			"cacheVariables": { "LIBAVR_MCU": "atmega328p", "LIBAVR_REFLECT": "ON" }
+		}
+	],
+	"buildPresets": [
+		{ "name": "atmega328p-generated", "configurePreset": "atmega328p-generated" },
+		{ "name": "atmega328p-reflect", "configurePreset": "atmega328p-reflect" }
+	],
+	"workflowPresets": [
+		{
+			"name": "atmega328p-generated",
+			"steps": [
+				{ "type": "configure", "name": "atmega328p-generated" },
+				{ "type": "build", "name": "atmega328p-generated" },
+				{ "type": "test", "name": "atmega328p-generated" }
+			]
+		}
+	],
+	"testPresets": [
+		{ "name": "atmega328p-generated", "configurePreset": "atmega328p-generated", "output": { "outputOnFailure": true } }
+	]
 }

ide/README.md

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-# Atmel Studio
-
-`master` carries `bootloader.atsln`, so this branch does too: `ide/bootloader.atsln`
-builds the loader from the same source Ninja does, to a **byte-identical
-`.text`** — the `tsb_asm` tier in its 512-byte section (`check-flags.py` below
-is what holds the flag sets equal, so the size is Ninja's own). CMake remains
-the build system; the solution is here so the port opens in Studio as its
-predecessor did.
-
-## One project, of four tiers
-
-A `.cppproj` is one binary at one set of flags. `tsb_asm` is the tier that
-occupies the same 512-byte section `master`'s `tsb` project targeted, which is
-the one worth opening in Studio.
-
-The other three tiers (`tsb_pure`, `tsb_tricks`, `tsb_policy`) are not here.
-They differ from `tsb_asm` in their source file, their section size, and — for
-`tsb_policy` — two loop flags; nothing about that is a Studio concern, and what
-they exist to demonstrate is a size gradient only the CMake size tests measure.
-Adding one is a copy of `tsb_asm/tsb_asm.cppproj` in its own directory, with its
-name, its GUID, its source path and its `--section-start` changed (`0x7c00` for
-the 1 KiB tiers), plus four lines in the solution.
-
-`avrdevice` is a project property, so each project gets its own directory:
-Studio builds into `<project dir>/<Configuration>` whatever `OutputDirectory`
-says, and two projects sharing a directory would share one object file.
-
-## Debug keeps `-Os`
-
-Both configurations compile at `-Os`; Debug adds only `-gdwarf-4`. The `.text`
-is therefore identical in both, which is the point — a loader's section is a
-**correctness** bound and not a budget. A debug configuration that silently
-overruns the section is worse than none, and DWARF costs no flash, so the
-optimisation level stays where correctness needs it.
-
-## What Studio needs from the machine
-
-libavr from the **submodule**, found at
-`$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include` — correct by construction, and
-anchored to the project because a plain relative path resolves against the
-generated makefile's directory (the configuration's output directory), not the
-project's. There is no `LIBAVR_ROOT` escape hatch: a variable exported in a
-shell is invisible to Studio launched from the Start menu, and the failure reads
-as a missing `libavr/libavr.hpp` — which is what the submodule answers.
-
-A GCC 16.1 toolchain registered as flavour `avr-g++-16.1.0`, nothing older
-reaching `-std=c++26`.
-
-## Generating and gating
-
-One generated file is required before the project will load at all, and one
-command checks the flags have not drifted (both from libavr's
-`tools/atmelstudio/`):
-
-```sh
-python libavr/tools/atmelstudio/componentinfo.py \
-    ide/tsb_asm/tsb_asm.componentinfo.xml --device ATmega328P
-python libavr/tools/atmelstudio/check-flags.py \
-    --solution ide/bootloader.atsln --project tsb_asm --target tsb_asm \
-    --compile-commands build/atmega328p-generated/compile_commands.json \
-    --log build/as-tsb_asm.log
-```
-
-Release is what the gate compares — the presets define no debug build, and
-Debug differs from Release only in `-gdwarf-4`.
-
-Legacy (the yazoalfa-era submodules) stays on `master`.

ide/bootloader.atsln

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-
-Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
-# Atmel Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00
-VisualStudioVersion = 14.0.23107.0
-MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
-Project("{E66E83B9-2572-4076-B26E-6BE79FF3018A}") = "tsb_asm", "tsb_asm\tsb_asm.cppproj", "{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}"
-EndProject
-Global
-	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
-		Debug|AVR = Debug|AVR
-		Release|AVR = Release|AVR
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
-		{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Debug|AVR.ActiveCfg = Debug|AVR
-		{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Debug|AVR.Build.0 = Debug|AVR
-		{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Release|AVR.ActiveCfg = Release|AVR
-		{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Release|AVR.Build.0 = Release|AVR
-	EndGlobalSection
-	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
-		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
-	EndGlobalSection
-EndGlobal

ide/tsb_asm/tsb_asm.cppproj

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="14.0">
-  <PropertyGroup>
-    <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
-    <ProjectVersion>7.0</ProjectVersion>
-    <ToolchainName>com.Atmel.AVRGCC8.CPP</ToolchainName>
-    <ProjectGuid>6618d3be-7eb3-49a2-9113-f128e396ff06</ProjectGuid>
-    <avrdevice>ATmega328P</avrdevice>
-    <avrdeviceseries>none</avrdeviceseries>
-    <OutputType>Executable</OutputType>
-    <Language>CPP</Language>
-    <OutputFileName>$(MSBuildProjectName)</OutputFileName>
-    <OutputFileExtension>.elf</OutputFileExtension>
-    <OutputDirectory>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\$(Configuration)</OutputDirectory>
-    <AssemblyName>tsb_asm</AssemblyName>
-    <Name>tsb_asm</Name>
-    <RootNamespace>tsb_asm</RootNamespace>
-    <ToolchainFlavour>avr-g++-16.1.0</ToolchainFlavour>
-    <KeepTimersRunning>true</KeepTimersRunning>
-    <OverrideVtor>false</OverrideVtor>
-    <CacheFlash>true</CacheFlash>
-    <ProgFlashFromRam>true</ProgFlashFromRam>
-    <RamSnippetAddress>0x20000000</RamSnippetAddress>
-    <UncachedRange />
-    <preserveEEPROM>true</preserveEEPROM>
-    <OverrideVtorValue>exception_table</OverrideVtorValue>
-    <BootSegment>2</BootSegment>
-    <ResetRule>0</ResetRule>
-    <eraseonlaunchrule>0</eraseonlaunchrule>
-    <EraseKey />
-    <AsfFrameworkConfig>
-      <framework-data xmlns="">
-  <options />
-  <configurations />
-  <files />
-  <documentation help="" />
-  <offline-documentation help="" />
-  <dependencies>
-    <content-extension eid="atmel.asf" uuidref="Atmel.ASF" version="3.52.0" />
-  </dependencies>
-</framework-data>
-    </AsfFrameworkConfig>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">
-    <ToolchainSettings>
-      <AvrGccCpp>
-        <avrgcc.common.Device>-mmcu=atmega328p</avrgcc.common.Device>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>False</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
-          <ListValues>
-            <Value>NDEBUG</Value>
-          </ListValues>
-        </avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
-          <ListValues>
-            <Value>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include</Value>
-          </ListValues>
-        </avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>Optimize for size (-Os)</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>-std=c++26 -Wextra -Werror -mrelax -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-threadsafe-statics</avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>
-        <avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>True</avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>
-        <avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>-mrelax -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=0x7e00 -Wl,--defsym=tsb_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k</avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>
-      </AvrGccCpp>
-    </ToolchainSettings>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
-    <ToolchainSettings>
-      <AvrGccCpp>
-        <avrgcc.common.Device>-mmcu=atmega328p</avrgcc.common.Device>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>
-        <avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>False</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
-          <ListValues>
-            <Value>DEBUG</Value>
-          </ListValues>
-        </avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
-          <ListValues>
-            <Value>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include</Value>
-          </ListValues>
-        </avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>Optimize for size (-Os)</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>
-        <avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>-std=c++26 -Wextra -Werror -mrelax -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-threadsafe-statics -gdwarf-4</avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>
-        <avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>True</avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>
-        <avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>-mrelax -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=0x7e00 -Wl,--defsym=tsb_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k</avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>
-      </AvrGccCpp>
-    </ToolchainSettings>
-  </PropertyGroup>
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <Compile Include="..\..\tsb\tsb_asm.cpp">
-      <SubType>compile</SubType>
-      <Link>tsb\tsb_asm.cpp</Link>
-    </Compile>
-  </ItemGroup>
-  <ItemGroup>
-    <Folder Include="tsb" />
-  </ItemGroup>
-  <Import Project="$(AVRSTUDIO_EXE_PATH)\Vs\Compiler.targets" />
-</Project>

oracle/README.md

@@ -38,23 +38,11 @@ avra -I /usr/share/avra tsb-fixedbaud.asm   # after uncommenting .include "m328P
 ```
 
 **500 bytes with every feature** — the proof that ≤512 B and full feature parity
-are simultaneously reachable. The port's four tiers reach it from the other
-side, and the gradient between them is the cost of the mechanisms each is
-allowed:
-
-| tier | bytes | section | what it is allowed |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| oracle | 500 | 512 B | hand-written assembly, the reference |
-| `tsb_asm` | 512 | 512 B | C++ on libavr, two routines in asm |
-| `tsb_tricks` | 528 | 1 KB | no asm; global register variables |
-| `tsb_policy` | 630 | 1 KB | pureboot's rules: no asm, no register variables |
-| `tsb_pure` | 776 | 1 KB | idiomatic libavr throughout |
-
-The two routines `tsb_asm` keeps are the ones whose remaining cost is the
-calling convention itself: the bounded rx and the page-store loop. It fills
-its section exactly, with the same one-bit-time turn-around guard the oracle
-spends six bytes on - every tier implements the whole feature set, which is
-what makes the column a gradient rather than four different loaders.
+are simultaneously reachable. The port's `tsb_asm` tier meets the same bar at
+510 B in the same 512 B section, written in C++ on libavr except the two
+routines whose remaining cost is the calling convention itself (the bounded rx
+and the page-store loop); `tsb_tricks` needs no assembly at all at 526 B, and
+`tsb_pure` stays fully idiomatic at 836 B, both in the 1 KB section.
 
 The oracle targets 20 MHz / 33333 baud; the port targets 16 MHz / 115200 baud
 (what the simavr protocol test drives). Baud and geometry differ, code size and

test/check_size.cmake

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ if(NOT _res EQUAL 0)
 endif()
 # avr-size line 2 is "<text> <data> <bss> <dec> <hex> <file>".
 string(REGEX MATCH "\n[ \t]*([0-9]+)" _m "${_out}")
-if(NOT _m)
-	message(FATAL_ERROR "could not read a .text size out of ${SIZE_TOOL}'s output for ${ELF}:\n${_out}")
-endif()
 set(_text ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
 if(_text GREATER LIMIT)
 	message(FATAL_ERROR ".text is ${_text} bytes, over the ${LIMIT}-byte boot section")

test/device.c

@@ -7,122 +7,103 @@
 // SPM genuinely writes avr->flash on the mega cores, so on exit (or SIGTERM)
 // we dump the flash image to a file for a ground-truth cross-check against
 // what the client read back through the bootloader.
-#include <array>
-#include <csignal>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <print>
-
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-// The parts headers (uart_pty.h) carry no C++ linkage guards of their own,
-// unlike simavr's core headers - the block covers both harmlessly.
-extern "C" {
 #include "avr_uart.h"
 #include "sim_avr.h"
 #include "sim_elf.h"
 #include "uart_pty.h"
-}
 
-namespace {
+static avr_t *avr;
+static uart_pty_t uart_pty;
+static const char *dump_path;
 
-avr_t *avr;
-uart_pty_t uart_pty;
-const char *dump_path;
-
-[[noreturn]] void finish(int)
+static void finish(int sig)
 {
+	(void)sig;
 	if (dump_path) {
-		std::FILE *f = std::fopen(dump_path, "wb");
+		FILE *f = fopen(dump_path, "wb");
 		if (f) {
-			std::fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f);
-			std::fclose(f);
+			fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f);
+			fclose(f);
 		}
 	}
 	uart_pty_stop(&uart_pty);
 	_exit(0);
 }
 
-} // namespace
-
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	if (argc < 3) {
-		std::println(stderr, "usage: {} <tsb.elf> <boot_base_hex> [flash_dump.bin]", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <tsb.elf> <boot_base_hex> [flash_dump.bin]\n", argv[0]);
 		return 2;
 	}
-	auto boot_base = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(std::strtoul(argv[2], nullptr, 0));
-	dump_path = argc >= 4 ? argv[3] : nullptr;
+	uint32_t boot_base = (uint32_t)strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0);
+	dump_path = argc >= 4 ? argv[3] : NULL;
 
 	avr = avr_make_mcu_by_name("atmega328p");
 	if (!avr) {
-		std::println(stderr, "device: no ATmega328P core");
+		fprintf(stderr, "device: no ATmega328P core\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
 	avr_init(avr);
 	avr->frequency = 16000000;
 	// Real flash powers up erased (0xff); the app region must look erased
 	// before the bootloader programs it.
-	std::memset(avr->flash, 0xff, avr->flashend + 1);
+	memset(avr->flash, 0xff, avr->flashend + 1);
 
 	// simavr's ELF loader flattens the flash base to 0 (it expects an app at
 	// 0x0), but it hands back the boot code in fw.flash; place it at the boot
 	// section base ourselves and enter there (BOOTRST is not modelled).
-	elf_firmware_t fw{};
+	elf_firmware_t fw = {0};
 	if (elf_read_firmware(argv[1], &fw) != 0) {
-		std::println(stderr, "device: cannot read {}", argv[1]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "device: cannot read %s\n", argv[1]);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	// An image that runs past flash end cannot execute on hardware, and a
-	// naive copy of it would smash the heap beyond avr->flash - after which
-	// the simulation misbehaves in ways that point everywhere but here.
-	// Refuse it loudly instead.
-	if (boot_base + fw.flashsize > avr->flashend + 1) {
-		std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} - image does not fit its slot",
-		             fw.flashsize, boot_base, avr->flashend);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	std::memcpy(avr->flash + boot_base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize);
+	memcpy(avr->flash + boot_base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize);
 	avr->pc = boot_base;
 	avr->codeend = avr->flashend;
 
 	// Optional: seed the config page (one page below the boot section) with a
 	// hex byte string, so the password gate and emergency erase can be tested.
 	// Layout: [appjump lo][appjump hi][timeout][password...][0xff].
-	const char *cfg = std::getenv("TSB_CONFIG");
+	const char *cfg = getenv("TSB_CONFIG");
 	if (cfg) {
-		std::uint32_t app_end = boot_base - 128; // config page sits directly below the boot code
+		uint32_t app_end = boot_base - 128; // config page sits directly below the boot code
 		for (int i = 0; cfg[i] && cfg[i + 1]; i += 2) {
-			const std::array pair{cfg[i], cfg[i + 1], '\0'};
-			avr->flash[app_end + i / 2] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(std::strtoul(pair.data(), nullptr, 16));
+			char b[3] = {cfg[i], cfg[i + 1], 0};
+			avr->flash[app_end + i / 2] = (uint8_t)strtoul(b, NULL, 16);
 		}
 	}
 
 	// POLL_SLEEP makes simavr usleep(1) on every status-register read while the
-	// UART is idle - a host-CPU-saving hack that models no hardware and paces a
+	// UART is idle — a host-CPU-saving hack that models no hardware and paces a
 	// tight-polling loader (one that releases TX between bytes, as one-wire does)
 	// in real time, distorting protocol timing. Clear it so the loader runs at
 	// true cycle speed.
-	std::uint32_t uflags = 0;
+	uint32_t uflags = 0;
 	avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS('0'), &uflags);
 	uflags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
 	avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS('0'), &uflags);
 
 	uart_pty_init(avr, &uart_pty);
 	uart_pty_connect(&uart_pty, '0');
-	std::println("TSB_PTY {}", uart_pty.pty.slavename);
-	std::fflush(stdout);
+	printf("TSB_PTY %s\n", uart_pty.pty.slavename);
+	fflush(stdout);
 
-	std::signal(SIGTERM, finish);
-	std::signal(SIGINT, finish);
+	signal(SIGTERM, finish);
+	signal(SIGINT, finish);
 
 	for (;;) {
 		int state = avr_run(avr);
-		if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed) {
+		if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed)
 			break;
-		}
 	}
 	finish(0);
+	return 0;
 }

test/tsbtest.py

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class Host:
         self._expect(CONFIRM, "C end")
         return echo
 
-    # Activation when the config page carries a password: 3x'@' then the
+    # Activation when the config page carries a password: 3×'@' then the
     # password bytes, then the info block + mainloop '!'.
     def activate_password(self, password):
         self.s.reset_input_buffer()
@@ -167,20 +167,6 @@ class Host:
         self._expect(CONFIRM, "emergency mainloop ready")
 
 
-    # A wrong password byte hangs the loader, still draining the line. Two
-    # things must not happen: it must not activate, and it must not fall
-    # through to the emergency erase - a byte the gate has already refused
-    # reaching the erase would let a guess wipe the part.
-    def refuse_password(self, byte):
-        self.s.reset_input_buffer()
-        self.s.write(bytes([KNOCK, KNOCK, KNOCK, byte]))
-        return self.s.read(1)
-
-    def say(self, byte):
-        self.s.write(bytes([byte]))
-        return self.s.read(1)
-
-
 def check(cond, msg):
     if not cond:
         raise AssertionError(msg)
@@ -195,7 +181,7 @@ PW_BYTES = bytes([0x50, 0x57])
 
 def scenario_roundtrip(host):
     """Activation + info block + flash/EEPROM/config read-write round-trips, on
-    a device with a blank (erased) config page - the usual no-password case."""
+    a device with a blank (erased) config page — the usual no-password case."""
     info = host.activate()
     check(info[0:3] == b"TSB", f"magic 'TSB' (got {info[0:3]!r})")
     check(info[6:9] == bytes([0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F]), f"signature 1E 95 0F (got {info[6:9].hex()})")
@@ -233,15 +219,6 @@ def scenario_emergency(host):
     check(host.read_eeprom(1) == b"\xff" * PAGE, "EEPROM wiped")
 
 
-def scenario_wrong_password(host):
-    """A wrong password byte neither activates the loader nor opens the
-    emergency erase behind it - the oracle carries a dedicated fix for the
-    second, and nothing here exercised either half."""
-    check(host.refuse_password(PW_BYTES[0] ^ 1) == b"", "a wrong password byte draws no reply")
-    check(host.say(0x00) == b"", "a 0 byte after it does not request the erase")
-    check(host.say(CONFIRM) == b"", "and neither does a confirm")
-
-
 def main():
     binary, elf, boot_base = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]
     failures = []
@@ -252,7 +229,6 @@ def main():
         ("round-trip", None, scenario_roundtrip),
         ("password activation", PW_CONFIG, scenario_password),
         ("emergency erase", PW_CONFIG, scenario_emergency),
-        ("wrong password", PW_CONFIG, scenario_wrong_password),
     ]
     for name, config, fn in groups:
         print(f"--- {name} ---")

tools/check.sh

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-# The port's gate: the generated workflow - build, size tests, and the
-# simulator-driven protocol suite. --full adds the reflect build, which
-# compiles the same TUs through libavr's other producer. libavr resolves from
-# the `libavr/` submodule; LIBAVR_ROOT overrides it for a working tree.
-set -e
-cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
-
-full=0
-[[ "$1" == "--full" ]] && { full=1; shift; }
-
-# The chip lists come from the presets rather than being spelled a second time
-# here: a chip added to make_presets.py and missed in a copy of its list would
-# be a gate that silently never builds it, which is the one failure mode a gate
-# cannot report. tools/make_presets.py is the single source, CMakePresets.json
-# is its output, and this reads that.
-readarray -t WORKFLOWS < <(python3 -c '
-import json, sys
-presets = json.load(open("CMakePresets.json"))["workflowPresets"]
-print("\n".join(p["name"] for p in presets))')
-if ((${#WORKFLOWS[@]} == 0)); then
-	echo "no workflow presets in CMakePresets.json - run tools/make_presets.py" >&2
-	exit 1
-fi
-CHIPS=()
-REFLECT_SPOT=()
-for workflow in "${WORKFLOWS[@]}"; do
-	case $workflow in
-	*-generated) CHIPS+=("${workflow%-generated}") ;;
-	*-reflect) REFLECT_SPOT+=("${workflow%-reflect}") ;;
-	esac
-done
-
-# Every preset runs even after one goes red, and the gate fails at the end
-# naming all of them: stopping at the first failure turns a red - a stale size
-# canary above all - into an alibi for every chip behind it, and a loader can
-# ship on a chip this gate has not compiled since.
-red=()
-run_preset() {
-	echo "==== $1 ===="
-	cmake --workflow --preset "$1" "${@:2}" || red+=("$1")
-}
-
-for chip in "${CHIPS[@]}"; do
-	run_preset "$chip-generated" "$@"
-done
-
-if ((full)); then
-	for chip in "${REFLECT_SPOT[@]}"; do
-		run_preset "$chip-reflect" "$@"
-	done
-fi
-
-if ((${#red[@]})); then
-	printf '==== red presets ====\n' >&2
-	printf '  %s\n' "${red[@]}" >&2
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-echo "check: every chip green"

tools/make_presets.py

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Regenerate CMakePresets.json - one uniform pipeline per chip.
-
-The tiers reimplement the ATmega328P-only reference protocol, so that is the
-whole chip list. It stays a generated file rather than a hand-written one
-because the shape - configure, build, test, workflow, and a reflect pair
-without tests - is the shape a second chip would need too.
-
-Run from the repo root: tools/make_presets.py - or with --check, which
-verifies the committed file matches this generator and edits nothing (the
-ctest entry `presets.generated` runs that, so drift reds the gate).
-"""
-
-import json
-import os
-import sys
-
-CHIPS = [
-    "atmega328p",
-]
-
-# The reflect pair: the same chip, built in libavr's other mode.
-REFLECT_SPOT = [
-    "atmega328p",
-]
-
-
-def main():
-    configure = [{
-        "name": "base",
-        "hidden": True,
-        "generator": "Ninja",
-        "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/${presetName}",
-        "toolchainFile": "${sourceDir}/libavr/cmake/avr-toolchain.cmake",
-        "cacheVariables": {
-            "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release",
-            "CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS": "ON",
-            "CMAKE_COLOR_DIAGNOSTICS": "ON",
-        },
-    }]
-    build, test, workflows = [], [], []
-
-    def add(chip, mode):
-        name = f"{chip}-{mode}"
-        configure.append({
-            "name": name,
-            "inherits": "base",
-            "cacheVariables": {
-                "LIBAVR_MCU": chip,
-                "LIBAVR_REFLECT": "ON" if mode == "reflect" else "OFF",
-            },
-        })
-        build.append({"name": name, "configurePreset": name})
-        steps = [{"type": "configure", "name": name}, {"type": "build", "name": name}]
-        if mode == "generated":
-            test.append({"name": name, "configurePreset": name, "output": {"outputOnFailure": True}})
-            steps.append({"type": "test", "name": name})
-        workflows.append({"name": name, "steps": steps})
-
-    for chip in CHIPS:
-        add(chip, "generated")
-    for chip in REFLECT_SPOT:
-        add(chip, "reflect")
-
-    # CMake rejects unknown fields in the presets root, $comment included, so
-    # the file cannot carry a generated-file marker; the --check ctest is the
-    # whole of rule 10's guard here.
-    presets = {
-        "version": 8,
-        "configurePresets": configure,
-        "buildPresets": build,
-        "testPresets": test,
-        "workflowPresets": workflows,
-    }
-    rendered = json.dumps(presets, indent=1) + "\n"
-    path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "..", "CMakePresets.json")
-    if "--check" in sys.argv[1:]:
-        current = open(path).read() if os.path.exists(path) else ""
-        if current != rendered:
-            print("CMakePresets.json does not match its generator - run tools/make_presets.py")
-            return 1
-        return 0
-    with open(path, "w") as f:
-        f.write(rendered)
-    print(f"{len(CHIPS)} chips, {len(REFLECT_SPOT)} reflect: {os.path.normpath(path)}")
-    return 0
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    sys.exit(main())

tsb/tsb_asm.cpp

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr - tier 3: full feature parity in the 512-byte boot
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr — tier 3: full feature parity in the 512-byte boot
 // section, in C++ except where the C ABI itself is the cost.
 //
-// The complete TinySafeBoot feature set - watchdog-reset bail, one-wire
+// The complete TinySafeBoot feature set — watchdog-reset bail, one-wire
 // half-duplex UART, a config-page activation timeout, the password gate,
-// emergency erase, and config/flash/EEPROM read-write - inside the 512-byte
-// BOOTSZ=11 section the hand-written oracle occupies (oracle/README.md holds
-// what each tier measures, in one table rather than four). The
-// body is the tricks tier's C++ (same register protocol, same structure - see
-// tsb_tricks.cpp, including the global-register miscompile rules) with exactly
-// two routines kept in assembly, the two whose remaining cost *is* the calling
-// convention:
+// emergency erase, and config/flash/EEPROM read-write — at 510 bytes in the
+// 512-byte BOOTSZ=11 section the hand-written oracle occupies (500 B). This tier used to be one
+// monolithic inline-asm routine; it is now the tricks tier's C++ (same
+// register protocol, same structure — see tsb_tricks.cpp, including the
+// global-register miscompile rules) with exactly two routines kept in
+// assembly, the two whose remaining cost *is* the calling convention:
 //
 //   rx     the bounded receive: C++ must re-floor the timeout window on every
 //          call (the global-register-store miscompile) and split it across
@@ -17,12 +16,12 @@
 //          countdown.
 //   store  the page-store loop: C++ cannot hold the receive byte pair and the
 //          walked Z pointer across the rx calls without call-saved staging
-//          (push/pop + a Y->Z copy per word); the asm calls rx knowing exactly
+//          (push/pop + a Y→Z copy per word); the asm calls rx knowing exactly
 //          which registers it touches and walks Z live across the whole page.
 //
-// Everything else - bring-up, activation, password gate, emergency erase,
+// Everything else — bring-up, activation, password gate, emergency erase,
 // dispatch, every SPM/EEPROM/flash primitive, every geometry/baud/info
-// constant - is C++ on libavr, and the two asm routines splice into the same
+// constant — is C++ on libavr, and the two asm routines splice into the same
 // global-register protocol the C++ uses (g_addr in Y, g_cnt in r16, g_window
 // in r7, g_receiving in r6), so calls cross the boundary with no marshalling.
 //
@@ -42,16 +41,10 @@ namespace hw = avr::hw;
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
-// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
-// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
-// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
-// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
-constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
-
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
 constexpr std::uint8_t knock = '@';
@@ -64,34 +57,28 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 512;
 constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
 constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
 
-// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
-// it follows the clock rather than restating it (rule 41).
-constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((16_MHz).hz / 1'000'000);
+// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window (the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz).
+constexpr std::uint8_t act_min = 16;
 // Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
 constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
 
 constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
 
 // Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud.
-constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd, 8, avr::uart::parity::none);
-
-// One bit time on the wire: the turn-around a shared-line peer needs to stop
-// driving before this one starts. Derived from the solved rate, so it follows
-// the link rather than a count measured against one.
-constexpr auto guard_cycles = static_cast<std::uint32_t>((16_MHz).hz / baud.actual);
+constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::detail::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd);
 
 // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
 // clang-format off
-[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr auto info = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
+[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr std::uint8_t info[16] = {
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
-    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
+    0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F, // ATmega328P signature
     page / 2,         // page size in words
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8,
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA,
-});
+};
 // clang-format on
 
 register std::uint16_t g_addr asm("r28");
@@ -107,7 +94,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 // Bounded byte receive (asm 1 of 2): release the one-wire line on a direction
 // change, poll RXC0 under the oracle's nested X-register countdown seeded from
 // g_window (floored against lockout), byte or 0-on-silence in r24. Z survives
-// - the property the store's word loop rides on.
+// — the property the store's word loop rides on.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t rx()
 {
 	std::uint8_t byte;
@@ -128,7 +115,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	             "	brne	3b			\n\t"
 	             "	sbiw	r26, 1			\n\t"
 	             "	brcc	2b			\n\t"
-	             "	clr	%[b]			\n\t" // silence -> 0, which no compare accepts
+	             "	clr	%[b]			\n\t" // silence → 0, which no compare accepts
 	             "	rjmp	5f			\n\t"
 	             "4:	lds	%[b], %[udr0]		\n\t"
 	             "5:					\n\t"
@@ -142,13 +129,14 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 // One-wire transmit: take the line (TXEN0 alone) on a direction change with a
 // turn-around guard, put the byte out, hold the line until the whole frame is
 // out (TXC0, not UDRE0), W1C TXC0 by storing the sampled status back (keeps
-// U2X0). Plain C++ - it compiles *smaller* than the oracle's routine.
+// U2X0). Plain C++ — it compiles *smaller* than the oracle's routine.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
 	if (g_receiving) {
 		g_receiving = 0;
 		hw::ucsr0b::write(hw::ucsr0b::txen0(1));
-		avr::delay::cycles<guard_cycles>();
+		for (std::uint8_t guard = 46; guard; --guard)
+			;
 	}
 	hw::udr0::write(byte);
 	std::uint8_t status;
@@ -165,7 +153,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return rx();
 }
 
-// One flash byte <- [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret - the
+// One flash byte ← [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret — the
 // global-register rule, see tsb_tricks.cpp).
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t sflash()
 {
@@ -174,18 +162,18 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte <- [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte ← [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t eerd()
 {
-	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read<no_spm>(g_addr);
+	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read(g_addr);
 	++g_addr;
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte -> [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte → [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void eewr(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
-	ee::write<off, no_spm>(g_addr, byte);
+	ee::write<off>(g_addr, byte);
 	++g_addr;
 }
 
@@ -197,7 +185,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	} while (--g_cnt);
 }
 
-// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section - after every page
+// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section — after every page
 // op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void settle()
 {
@@ -213,12 +201,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	tsb_app();
 }
 
-// Step g_addr one page down and erase that page (the decrement lives here  -
+// Step g_addr one page down and erase that page (the decrement lives here —
 // the global-register rule).
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void erase_below()
 {
 	g_addr -= page;
-	spm::command<off>(spm::op::erase, g_addr);
+	spm::erase_page<off>(g_addr);
 	settle();
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +221,7 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 }
 
 // Stream one host page into the erased flash page at g_addr (asm 2 of 2): the
-// word pair stages in r0:r1 straight from rx (whose register set is known  -
+// word pair stages in r0:r1 straight from rx (whose register set is known —
 // the cross-call liveness C++ cannot express), Z walks the page and PGWRT
 // programs it. g_addr is left at the next page base.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void store_flash()
@@ -268,15 +256,14 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
 	// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
+	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
 		appjump();
-	}
 
 	// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
-	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use - only the divisor low
+	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low
 	// byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work.
 	static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
-	hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
+	hw::reg<"UBRR0">::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
 	hw::ucsr0a::write(hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
 	// General-purpose registers are undefined at power-on (no crt zeroes them);
 	// the direction latch must start "not receiving" so the first rx() enables
@@ -284,15 +271,13 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	// same reason.
 	g_receiving = 0;
 
-	// Activation: 3x'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
-	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else  -
-	// including silence - hands over.
+	// Activation: 3×'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
+	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else —
+	// including silence — hands over.
 	g_window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2));
-	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k) {
-		if (rx() != knock) {
+	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k)
+		if (rx() != knock)
 			appjump();
-		}
-	}
 	g_window = comm_window;
 
 	// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
@@ -306,19 +291,17 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(g_addr)) & mask;
 		++g_addr;
 		if (expected == 0xff) {
-			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info.data());
+			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(&info[0]);
 			g_cnt = sizeof(info);
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
 		if (got == 0) {
-			if (mask == 0) {
+			if (mask == 0)
 				continue;
-			}
-			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm) {
+			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm)
 				appjump();
-			}
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0 for the EEPROM walk
 			do {
 				eewr(0xff);
@@ -327,9 +310,8 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			erase_below();
 			break;
 		}
-		if (got != expected) {
+		if (got != expected)
 			mask = 0;
-		}
 	}
 
 	for (;;) {
@@ -338,27 +320,23 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		switch (rx()) {
 		case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm) {
+				if (rx() != confirm)
 					break;
-				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				sendf();
-				if (g_addr >= app_end) {
+				if (g_addr >= app_end)
 					break;
-				}
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'F':                // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0, the write start
-			while (rcnf() == confirm) {
+			while (rcnf() == confirm)
 				store_flash();
-			}
 			break;
 		case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm) {
+				if (rx() != confirm)
 					break;
-				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				do {
 					tx(eerd());
@@ -380,9 +358,8 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
-			if (rcnf() != confirm) {
+			if (rcnf() != confirm)
 				break;
-			}
 			g_addr = app_end + page;
 			erase_below(); // leaves g_addr = app_end, the store target
 			store_flash();
@@ -396,6 +373,14 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 } // namespace
 } // namespace tsb
 
-// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
-// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
-template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;
+// Reset lands here: BOOTRST vectors to the boot section base and .vectors is
+// laid first, so this is the first instruction executed. No crt ran, so set
+// the stack pointer before anything is called.
+extern "C" [[gnu::naked, gnu::used, gnu::section(".vectors")]] void __boot_entry()
+{
+	SP = RAMEND;
+	// The one line of crt this loader needs: compiled code assumes
+	// __zero_reg__ (r1) is 0, and power-on registers are undefined.
+	asm volatile("clr __zero_reg__");
+	tsb::run();
+}

tsb/tsb_policy.cpp

@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr - the policy floor: pureboot's rules, measured.
-//
-// The full TinySafeBoot feature set - watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
-// config-page activation timeout, password gate, emergency erase, and
-// config/flash/EEPROM read-write - under philosophy #5 exactly as pureboot
-// obeys it: no assembly, no register variables; code, attributes, and flags
-// only. Every lesson pureboot's development produced is applied - the
-// library's half-duplex serial and startup entry, lean bring-up from reset
-// state, one merged send loop over both memories, oracle-shaped loop bounds,
-// locals threaded through noinline primitives, pureboot's codegen flags  -
-// and the result sits below the idiomatic tier and above the 512 B boot
-// section the tricks/asm tiers reach with the banned mechanisms
-// (oracle/README.md holds all four). This tier exists to keep that gap an
-// artifact
-// rather than a claim: the gap to 512 is the rent of policy-clean C++  -
-// helpers that hold a cursor across rx()/tx() pay push/pop and argument
-// threading where a global-register protocol pays nothing, and both
-// control-flow merges tried (a parametrized paged session, a merged store
-// loop) measured larger than the split cases they replaced. TSB's wire fixes
-// the per-command loop shapes on the device, so pureboot 5's one-transfer-
-// loop collapse has no purchase here.
-//
-// The wire protocol is strict request/response, which is what makes the
-// shared line safe: the device drives it only between a received command and
-// its reply, and releases it (the library's half-duplex choreography)
-// whenever it waits.
-
-#include <libavr/libavr.hpp>
-
-using namespace avr::literals;
-namespace spm = avr::spm;
-namespace ee = avr::eeprom;
-
-using dev = avr::device<{.clock = 16_MHz}>;
-// One-wire: RX and TX share the line, exactly as the native-UART TSB expects.
-// 115200 at 16 MHz lands +2.1 % off, past the receiver-tolerance table the
-// solver holds rates to - the oracle's own deployment has run there for a
-// decade, so the override states that it is meant.
-using serial_t = dev::uart0<{
-    .baud = 115200_Bd,
-    .allow_baud_error = true,
-    .half_duplex = true,
-}>;
-inline constexpr serial_t serial{};
-
-namespace tsb {
-namespace {
-
-// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
-// EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
-constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
-
-// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
-// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
-// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
-// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
-constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
-
-// The handshake bytes, identical across every TSB host.
-constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
-constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
-constexpr std::uint8_t knock = '@';
-
-// Boot geometry for the 1 KB boot section (BOOTSZ=10); the page size and the
-// flash/EEPROM extents are the chip database's to know. app_end is the config
-// page (TSB's LASTPAGE), one page below the boot section.
-constexpr std::uint16_t page = spm::page_bytes;
-constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 1024;
-constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
-constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
-
-// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
-// it follows the clock rather than restating it (rule 41).
-constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(dev::clock.hz / 1'000'000);
-// Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
-constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
-
-// Firmware version stamp: YY*512 + MM*32 + DD, the encoding the host decodes.
-constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 27;
-
-// The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
-// clang-format off
-[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr auto info = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
-    'T', 'S', 'B',
-    build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
-    0xF3,             // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
-    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
-    page / 2,         // page size in words
-    (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8, // app-flash boundary, words
-    eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
-    0xAA, 0xAA,       // ATmega processor-type marker (bytes 14 == 15)
-});
-// clang-format on
-
-// The receive window, pre-floored where it is set. In .noinit: there is no
-// crt to clear a .bss image, and run() stores it before the first receive.
-[[gnu::section(".noinit")]] std::uint8_t window;
-
-const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
-{
-	return reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t *>(addr);
-}
-
-// Bounded byte receive: poll under nested countdowns, 0 on silence. The 0
-// then falls through every compare - not a knock, not a confirm, not a
-// command - so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
-// anywhere, and a mid-session cable pull cannot wedge it. The line release on
-// a direction change is the serial backend's.
-[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint8_t rx()
-{
-	std::uint16_t outer = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(window) << 8;
-	do {
-		std::uint8_t fine = 0;
-		do {
-			if (auto byte = serial.read()) {
-				return *byte;
-			}
-		} while (--fine);
-	} while (--outer);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-// One-wire transmit: the backend takes the line with a turn-around guard and
-// holds it until the whole frame is out.
-[[gnu::noinline]] void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
-{
-	serial.write(byte);
-}
-
-// '?', then hand back the host's reply for the callers' one-byte compare.
-[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint8_t rcnf()
-{
-	tx(request);
-	return rx();
-}
-
-// The one send loop: the info block, the config page, application flash and
-// EEPROM pages all stream through here.
-[[gnu::noinline]] void send_block(bool eep, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t count)
-{
-	do {
-		tx(eep ? ee::read<no_spm>(at) : avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)));
-		++at;
-	} while (--count);
-}
-
-// One EEPROM byte in - shared by the emergency wipe and the 'E' stream.
-[[gnu::noinline]] void eeput(std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
-{
-	ee::write<off, no_spm>(at, value);
-}
-
-// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section - after every page
-// op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
-[[gnu::noinline]] void settle()
-{
-	spm::wait();
-	spm::rww_enable<off>();
-}
-
-// One host page straight into the erased flash page at `at` - through the SPM
-// word buffer (low byte then high), no SRAM staging - then committed. `at`
-// names a page base, so the cursor's low byte reaching the boundary ends the
-// walk.
-[[gnu::noinline]] void store_flash_page(std::uint16_t at)
-{
-	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(at);
-	do {
-		std::uint8_t low = rx();
-		std::uint8_t high = rx();
-		spm::fill<off>(open, at, std::bit_cast<std::uint16_t>(std::array{low, high}));
-		at += 2;
-	} while (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at) & (page - 1));
-	spm::command<off>(spm::op::write, at - page);
-	settle();
-}
-
-extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --defsym=tsb_app=0
-
-[[noreturn]] void appjump()
-{
-	settle();
-	tsb_app();
-}
-
-// Step one page down and erase it - the erase shared by the whole-app walk,
-// the config rewrite and the emergency wipe; hands the stepped address back.
-[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint16_t erase_below(std::uint16_t at)
-{
-	at -= page;
-	spm::command<off>(spm::op::erase, at);
-	settle();
-	return at;
-}
-
-// Erase the whole application, top-down like the oracle: the loop bound is a
-// compare with zero, and the returned 0 is the address every caller wants
-// next.
-[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint16_t erase_application()
-{
-	std::uint16_t at = app_end;
-	do {
-		at = erase_below(at);
-	} while (at != 0);
-	return at;
-}
-
-[[noreturn]] void run()
-{
-	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
-	// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
-		appjump();
-	}
-
-	// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
-	// 0, and the half-duplex write()/read() raise TXEN0/RXEN0 on first use  -
-	// only the divisor low byte and U2X0 need a store. The solver still does
-	// the datasheet work; the asserts pin the reset-state assumptions.
-	{
-		constexpr auto sol = avr::uart::solve_baud(dev::clock, 115200_Bd, 8, avr::uart::parity::none);
-		static_assert(sol.u2x && sol.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
-		avr::hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(sol.ubrr));
-		avr::hw::ucsr0a::write(avr::hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
-	}
-
-	// Activation: 3x'@', each inside the config page's timeout window
-	// (floored so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else  -
-	// including silence - hands over.
-	window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | act_min;
-	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k) {
-		if (rx() != knock) {
-			appjump();
-		}
-	}
-	window = comm_window;
-
-	// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
-	// page is no password). A wrong byte blanks the comparison and drains the
-	// line forever, so a wrong password can never fall through; a 0 requests
-	// emergency erase behind two confirms. On pass the info block goes out;
-	// the emergency path skips it and drops into the command loop.
-	std::uint16_t at = app_end + 3;
-	std::uint8_t mask = 0xff;
-	for (;;) {
-		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)) & mask;
-		++at;
-		if (expected == 0xff) {
-			send_block(false, reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info.data()), info.size());
-			break;
-		}
-		std::uint8_t got = rx();
-		if (got == 0) {
-			if (mask == 0) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm) {
-				appjump();
-			}
-			std::uint16_t a = erase_application();
-			do {
-				eeput(a, 0xff);
-			} while (++a <= eeprom_end);
-			erase_below(app_end + page);
-			break;
-		}
-		if (got != expected) {
-			mask = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (;;) {
-		tx(confirm); // Mainloop ready
-		const std::uint8_t command = rx();
-		switch (command) {
-		case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
-			for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a < app_end; a += page) {
-				if (rx() != confirm) {
-					break;
-				}
-				send_block(false, a, page);
-			}
-			break;
-		case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
-			for (std::uint16_t a = 0;; a += page) {
-				if (rx() != confirm) {
-					break;
-				}
-				send_block(true, a, page);
-			}
-			break;
-		case 'F': { // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
-			std::uint16_t a = erase_application();
-			for (; rcnf() == confirm; a += page) {
-				store_flash_page(a);
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		case 'E': // take EEPROM pages behind '?', each write host-paced
-			for (std::uint16_t a = 0; rcnf() == confirm;) {
-				std::uint8_t count = page;
-				do {
-					eeput(a, rx());
-					++a;
-				} while (--count);
-			}
-			break;
-		case 'c': // read the config page
-		read_config:
-			send_block(false, app_end, page);
-			break;
-		case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
-			if (rcnf() != confirm) {
-				break;
-			}
-			store_flash_page(erase_below(app_end + page));
-			goto read_config;
-		default: // 'q' or any other byte runs the application
-			appjump();
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-} // namespace
-} // namespace tsb
-
-// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
-// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
-template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;

tsb/tsb_pure.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr - tier 1: pure, idiomatic C++.
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr — tier 1: pure, idiomatic C++.
 //
 // A serial flash bootloader for the ATmega328P boot section, reimplementing the
 // TinySafeBoot native-UART fixed-baud protocol on libavr with the full feature
 // set of the hand-written oracle: a watchdog-reset bail, one-wire half-duplex,
 // a config-page activation timeout, the password gate, emergency erase, and
-// config/flash/EEPROM read-write. This variant is written for clarity  -
+// config/flash/EEPROM read-write. This variant is written for clarity —
 // well-factored functions, no compiler-specific size hacks, no inline assembly.
 // The one-wire wiring, the flash-resident info block and every SPM/EEPROM lock
 // are libavr's to handle; the only attribute is the naked reset entry that
@@ -20,29 +20,16 @@ namespace ee = avr::eeprom;
 
 using dev = avr::device<{.clock = 16_MHz}>;
 // One-wire: RX and TX share the line, exactly as the native-UART TSB expects.
-// 115200 at 16 MHz lands +2.1 % off, past the receiver-tolerance table the
-// solver holds rates to - the oracle's own deployment has run there for a
-// decade, so the override states that it is meant.
-using serial_t = dev::uart0<{
-    .baud = 115200_Bd,
-    .allow_baud_error = true,
-    .half_duplex = true,
-}>;
+using serial_t = dev::uart0<{.baud = 115200_Bd, .max_baud_error = 3_pct, .half_duplex = true}>;
 inline constexpr serial_t serial{};
 
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
-// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
-// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
-// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
-// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
-constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
-
 // The handshake bytes, identical across every TSB host.
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
@@ -63,48 +50,26 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
 // The 16-byte device-info block the host reads on activation. A flash_table
 // keeps it in progmem with no .data image (there is no crt to copy one).
 // clang-format off
-inline constexpr auto info_data = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
+inline constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, 16> info_data = {
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status byte (native-UART fixed-baud lineage)
-    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
+    0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F, // ATmega328P signature
     page / 2,         // page size in words
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8, // app-flash boundary, words
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA, // ATmega processor-type marker (bytes 14 == 15)
-});
+};
 // clang-format on
 using info = avr::flash_table<info_data>;
 
-// The lockout-proof floor for the receive window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
-// it follows the clock rather than restating it.
-constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(dev::clock.hz / 1'000'000);
-
-// The receive window, pre-floored where it is set. In .noinit: there is no crt
-// to clear a .bss image, and run() stores it before the first receive.
-[[gnu::section(".noinit")]] std::uint8_t window;
-
-// Bounded byte read over the one-wire line - read() releases the line to the
-// receiver - answering 0 on silence. That 0 falls through every compare below:
-// not a knock, not a confirm, not a command, so a silent host unwinds the
-// loader to the application from anywhere and a mid-session cable pull cannot
-// wedge it. The oracle lists that timeout among its own fixes, and a blocking
-// read is how a tier loses it.
+// Blocking byte read/write over the one-wire line: read() releases the line to
+// the receiver, write() takes it and holds it until the frame is out.
 std::uint8_t rx()
 {
-	std::uint16_t outer = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(window) << 8;
-	do {
-		std::uint8_t fine = 0;
-		do {
-			if (auto byte = serial.read()) {
-				return *byte;
-			}
-		} while (--fine);
-	} while (--outer);
-	return 0;
+	return serial.read_blocking();
 }
 
-// write() takes the line and holds it until the frame is out.
 void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
 	serial.write(byte);
@@ -118,16 +83,14 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 // Stream `count` bytes to the host, from flash (LPM) or from EEPROM.
 void send_flash(std::uint16_t addr, std::uint8_t count)
 {
-	while (count--) {
+	while (count--)
 		tx(avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(addr++)));
-	}
 }
 
 void send_eeprom(std::uint16_t addr, std::uint8_t count)
 {
-	while (count--) {
-		tx(ee::read<no_spm>(addr++));
-	}
+	while (count--)
+		tx(ee::read(addr++));
 }
 
 // Prompt the host with '?' and report whether it answered '!'.
@@ -138,33 +101,32 @@ bool request_confirm()
 }
 
 // Stream one page from the host straight into the already-erased flash page at
-// `addr`, filling the SPM word buffer low byte then high - no SRAM staging, so
+// `addr`, filling the SPM word buffer low byte then high — no SRAM staging, so
 // receiving and programming are the same loop.
 void store_flash_page(std::uint16_t addr)
 {
-	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(addr);
 	for (std::uint16_t i = 0; i < page; i += 2) {
 		std::uint8_t lo = rx();
 		std::uint8_t hi = rx();
-		spm::fill<off>(open, addr + i, static_cast<std::uint16_t>(lo | (hi << 8)));
+		spm::fill<off>(addr + i, static_cast<std::uint16_t>(lo | (hi << 8)));
 	}
-	spm::write_page<spm::from::boot_section, off>(addr); // blocking: waits the write out
+	spm::write_page<off>(addr);
+	spm::wait();
 }
 
 // Stream one page from the host straight into EEPROM, byte by byte.
 void store_eeprom_page(std::uint16_t addr)
 {
-	for (std::uint16_t i = 0; i < page; ++i) {
-		ee::write<off, no_spm>(addr + i, rx());
-	}
+	for (std::uint16_t i = 0; i < page; ++i)
+		ee::write<off>(addr + i, rx());
 }
 
-// Erase one flash page, waited out by the blocking spelling - the erase step
-// shared by the whole-app erase, the config-page rewrite and the emergency
-// wipe.
+// Erase one flash page and wait it out — the erase step shared by the whole-app
+// erase, the config-page rewrite and the emergency wipe.
 void erase_page(std::uint16_t addr)
 {
-	spm::erase_page<spm::from::boot_section, off>(addr);
+	spm::erase_page<off>(addr);
+	spm::wait();
 }
 
 // Erase the whole application, one page at a time, top-down as the reference
@@ -195,9 +157,8 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app();
 void read_flash()
 {
 	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a < app_end; a += page) {
-		if (rx() != confirm) {
+		if (rx() != confirm)
 			return;
-		}
 		send_flash(a, page);
 	}
 }
@@ -206,9 +167,8 @@ void read_flash()
 void read_eeprom()
 {
 	for (std::uint16_t a = 0;; a += page) {
-		if (rx() != confirm) {
+		if (rx() != confirm)
 			return;
-		}
 		send_eeprom(a, page);
 	}
 }
@@ -218,25 +178,22 @@ void read_eeprom()
 void write_flash()
 {
 	erase_application();
-	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page) {
+	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page)
 		store_flash_page(a);
-	}
 }
 
 // 'E': take pages the host offers behind '?' into EEPROM.
 void write_eeprom()
 {
-	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page) {
+	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page)
 		store_eeprom_page(a);
-	}
 }
 
 // 'C': replace the config page, then echo it back for the host to verify.
 void write_config()
 {
-	if (!request_confirm()) {
+	if (!request_confirm())
 		return;
-	}
 	erase_page(app_end);
 	store_flash_page(app_end);
 	spm::rww_enable<off>();
@@ -249,9 +206,8 @@ void write_config()
 void emergency_erase()
 {
 	erase_application();
-	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a <= eeprom_end; ++a) {
-		ee::write<off, no_spm>(a, 0xff);
-	}
+	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a <= eeprom_end; ++a)
+		ee::write<off>(a, 0xff);
 	erase_page(app_end);
 	spm::rww_enable<off>();
 }
@@ -266,18 +222,14 @@ gate password_gate()
 {
 	for (const std::uint8_t *pw = flash_ptr(app_end + 3);; ++pw) {
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(pw);
-		if (expected == 0xff) {
+		if (expected == 0xff)
 			return gate::pass;
-		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
-		if (got == 0) {
+		if (got == 0)
 			return gate::emergency;
-		}
-		if (got != expected) {
-			for (;;) {
+		if (got != expected)
+			for (;;)
 				rx();
-			}
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -285,25 +237,21 @@ gate password_gate()
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the reference
 	// loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
+	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
 		appjump();
-	}
 
 	avr::init<serial_t>();
 
 	// Activation: the host knocks three '@' inside a window whose length is the
-	// config page's timeout byte, floored so a corrupt page can never lock the
-	// loader out. An idle port times out and boots the application; the same
-	// window then bounds every receive of the session.
-	window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | act_min;
-	__uint24 idle = static_cast<__uint24>(window) << 16;
+	// config page's timeout byte (floored so a corrupt page can never lock the
+	// loader out). An idle port times out and boots the application.
+	__uint24 idle = static_cast<__uint24>(avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | 16) << 16;
 	std::uint8_t knocks = 0;
 	while (knocks < 3) {
-		if (auto byte = serial.read()) {
+		if (auto byte = serial.read())
 			knocks = *byte == knock ? knocks + 1 : 0;
-		} else if (--idle == 0) {
+		else if (--idle == 0)
 			appjump();
-		}
 	}
 
 	switch (password_gate()) {
@@ -311,9 +259,8 @@ gate password_gate()
 		send_flash(reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info::storage.data()), info::size());
 		break;
 	case gate::emergency:
-		if (!request_confirm() || !request_confirm()) {
+		if (!request_confirm() || !request_confirm())
 			appjump();
-		}
 		emergency_erase();
 		break;
 	}
@@ -348,6 +295,14 @@ gate password_gate()
 } // namespace
 } // namespace tsb
 
-// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
-// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
-template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;
+// Reset lands here: BOOTRST vectors to the boot section base and .vectors is
+// laid first, so this is the first instruction executed. No crt ran, so set the
+// stack pointer before anything is called.
+extern "C" [[gnu::naked, gnu::used, gnu::section(".vectors")]] void __boot_entry()
+{
+	SP = RAMEND;
+	// The one line of crt this loader needs: compiled code assumes
+	// __zero_reg__ (r1) is 0, and power-on registers are undefined.
+	asm volatile("clr __zero_reg__");
+	tsb::run();
+}

tsb/tsb_tricks.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr - tier 2: C++ with compiler trickery, no assembly.
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr — tier 2: C++ with compiler trickery, no assembly.
 //
-// The full TinySafeBoot feature set - watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
+// The full TinySafeBoot feature set — watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
 // config-page activation timeout, password gate, emergency erase, and
-// config/flash/EEPROM read-write - in pure C++, a little over the 512-byte boot
-// section the hand-written oracle fits (oracle/README.md holds what each tier
-// measures). The structure mirrors the oracle's: a handful of tiny noinline
+// config/flash/EEPROM read-write — in pure C++, 526 bytes: 14 over the 512-byte
+// boot section the hand-written oracle fits, from 168 over at this tier's first
+// floor. The structure mirrors the oracle's: a handful of tiny noinline
 // primitives sharing one whole-loader register allocation, expressed as global
 // register variables so no helper ever saves, spills, or reloads any of it.
 //
 // The register protocol (all call-saved, so calls preserve them by ABI):
-//   Y (r28:r29)  g_addr      the walked flash/EEPROM address - adiw-able
-//   r16          g_cnt       byte countdown of the running block - ldi-able
+//   Y (r28:r29)  g_addr      the walked flash/EEPROM address — adiw-able
+//   r16          g_cnt       byte countdown of the running block — ldi-able
 //   r7           g_window    rx timeout, roughly 30 ms units at 16 MHz
 //   r6           g_receiving one-wire direction latch, cleared at bring-up
 //                            (power-on registers are undefined)
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 // GCC 16.1 miscompiles stores into global register variables: an update whose
 // remaining uses all hide inside callees is deleted whenever a CALL follows it
 // before any jump/ret (the backend's liveness walk lumps fixed registers with
-// call-clobbered ones - minimal repro in libavr's
-// test/upstream/gcc-avr-globalreg-repro.cpp). Every
+// call-clobbered ones — minimal repro in libavr's
+// local/scratch/probes/gcc-avr-globalreg-repro.cpp, lessons.md entry). Every
 // g_* update below therefore sits where a *local* read or a jump/ret follows
-// it - the helpers advance g_addr immediately before returning, and rx()
+// it — the helpers advance g_addr immediately before returning, and rx()
 // re-floors the window on every call instead of storing the floored value
 // once. The layout is load-bearing; do not "simplify" it.
 //
@@ -41,16 +41,10 @@ namespace hw = avr::hw;
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
-// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
-// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
-// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
-// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
-constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
-
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
 constexpr std::uint8_t knock = '@';
@@ -63,34 +57,28 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 1024;
 constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
 constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
 
-// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
-// it follows the clock rather than restating it (rule 41).
-constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((16_MHz).hz / 1'000'000);
+// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window (the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz).
+constexpr std::uint8_t act_min = 16;
 // Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
 constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
 
 constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
 
 // Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud.
-constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd, 8, avr::uart::parity::none);
-
-// One bit time on the wire: the turn-around a shared-line peer needs to stop
-// driving before this one starts. Derived from the solved rate, so it follows
-// the link rather than a count measured against one.
-constexpr auto guard_cycles = static_cast<std::uint32_t>((16_MHz).hz / baud.actual);
+constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::detail::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd);
 
 // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
 // clang-format off
-[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr auto info = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
+[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr std::uint8_t info[16] = {
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
-    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
+    0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F, // ATmega328P signature
     page / 2,         // page size in words
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8,
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA,
-});
+};
 // clang-format on
 
 register std::uint16_t g_addr asm("r28");
@@ -105,8 +93,8 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 
 // Bounded byte receive, the oracle's shape: release the one-wire line on a
 // direction change, poll RXC0 under nested countdowns, 0 on silence. The 0
-// then falls through every compare - not a knock, not a confirm, not a
-// command - so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
+// then falls through every compare — not a knock, not a confirm, not a
+// command — so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
 // anywhere, and a mid-session cable pull cannot wedge it.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t rx()
 {
@@ -114,25 +102,24 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 		g_receiving = 1;
 		hw::ucsr0b::write(hw::ucsr0b::rxen0(1)); // RXEN0 alone: release and listen
 	}
-	// act_min ORs in here, per call, not once into g_window at setup - the
+	// act_min ORs in here, per call, not once into g_window at setup — the
 	// one placement the global-register-store miscompile cannot delete.
 	std::uint16_t outer = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(g_window | act_min) << 8;
 	do {
 		std::uint8_t fine = 0;
 		do {
 			auto status = hw::ucsr0a::read();
-			if (status & hw::ucsr0a::rxc0(1).value) {
+			if (status & hw::ucsr0a::rxc0(1).value)
 				return hw::udr0::read();
-			}
 		} while (--fine);
 	} while (--outer);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-// One-wire transmit: take the line (TXEN0 alone - the receiver must be off
+// One-wire transmit: take the line (TXEN0 alone — the receiver must be off
 // while driving) on a direction change, with a turn-around guard so a shorted
 // peer can switch first; then hold the line until the whole frame is out
-// (TXC0, not UDRE0 - the stop bit must be on the wire before a caller may
+// (TXC0, not UDRE0 — the stop bit must be on the wire before a caller may
 // release the line), and W1C TXC0 by storing the sampled status back, which
 // keeps U2X0.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
@@ -140,7 +127,8 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	if (g_receiving) {
 		g_receiving = 0;
 		hw::ucsr0b::write(hw::ucsr0b::txen0(1));
-		avr::delay::cycles<guard_cycles>();
+		for (std::uint8_t guard = 46; guard; --guard)
+			;
 	}
 	hw::udr0::write(byte);
 	std::uint8_t status;
@@ -157,7 +145,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return rx();
 }
 
-// One flash byte <- [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret - see header).
+// One flash byte ← [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret — see header).
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t sflash()
 {
 	std::uint8_t byte = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(g_addr));
@@ -165,18 +153,18 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte <- [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte ← [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t eerd()
 {
-	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read<no_spm>(g_addr);
+	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read(g_addr);
 	++g_addr;
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte -> [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte → [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void eewr(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
-	ee::write<off, no_spm>(g_addr, byte);
+	ee::write<off>(g_addr, byte);
 	++g_addr;
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +176,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	} while (--g_cnt);
 }
 
-// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section - after every page
+// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section — after every page
 // op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void settle()
 {
@@ -210,12 +198,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void erase_below()
 {
 	g_addr -= page;
-	spm::command<off>(spm::op::erase, g_addr);
+	spm::erase_page<off>(g_addr);
 	settle();
 }
 
 // Erase the whole application, top-down like the oracle: the loop bound is a
-// compare with zero, and g_addr = 0 - the value every caller wants next - is
+// compare with zero, and g_addr = 0 — the value every caller wants next — is
 // handed back for free.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void erase_application()
 {
@@ -226,19 +214,18 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 }
 
 // Stream one host page into the erased flash page at g_addr (SPM word buffer,
-// low byte then high) - no SRAM staging, receive and program are one loop.
+// low byte then high) — no SRAM staging, receive and program are one loop.
 // g_addr is left at the next page base.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void store_flash()
 {
-	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(g_addr);
 	g_cnt = page / 2;
 	do {
 		std::uint16_t word = rx();
 		word |= static_cast<std::uint16_t>(rx()) << 8;
-		spm::fill<off>(open, g_addr, word);
+		spm::fill<off>(g_addr, word);
 		g_addr += 2;
 	} while (--g_cnt);
-	spm::command<off>(spm::op::write, g_addr - page);
+	spm::write_page<off>(g_addr - page);
 	settle();
 }
 
@@ -246,15 +233,14 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
 	// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
+	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
 		appjump();
-	}
 
 	// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
-	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use - only the divisor low
+	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low
 	// byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work.
 	static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
-	hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
+	hw::reg<"UBRR0">::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
 	hw::ucsr0a::write(hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
 	// General-purpose registers are undefined at power-on (no crt zeroes them);
 	// the direction latch must start "not receiving" so the first rx() enables
@@ -262,15 +248,13 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	// same reason.
 	g_receiving = 0;
 
-	// Activation: 3x'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
-	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else  -
-	// including silence - hands over.
+	// Activation: 3×'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
+	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else —
+	// including silence — hands over.
 	g_window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2));
-	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k) {
-		if (rx() != knock) {
+	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k)
+		if (rx() != knock)
 			appjump();
-		}
-	}
 	g_window = comm_window;
 
 	// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
@@ -284,19 +268,17 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(g_addr)) & mask;
 		++g_addr;
 		if (expected == 0xff) {
-			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info.data());
+			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(&info[0]);
 			g_cnt = sizeof(info);
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
 		if (got == 0) {
-			if (mask == 0) {
+			if (mask == 0)
 				continue;
-			}
-			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm) {
+			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm)
 				appjump();
-			}
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0 for the EEPROM walk
 			do {
 				eewr(0xff);
@@ -305,9 +287,8 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			erase_below();
 			break;
 		}
-		if (got != expected) {
+		if (got != expected)
 			mask = 0;
-		}
 	}
 
 	for (;;) {
@@ -316,27 +297,23 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		switch (rx()) {
 		case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm) {
+				if (rx() != confirm)
 					break;
-				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				sendf();
-				if (g_addr >= app_end) {
+				if (g_addr >= app_end)
 					break;
-				}
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'F':                // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0, the write start
-			while (rcnf() == confirm) {
+			while (rcnf() == confirm)
 				store_flash();
-			}
 			break;
 		case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm) {
+				if (rx() != confirm)
 					break;
-				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				do {
 					tx(eerd());
@@ -358,9 +335,8 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
-			if (rcnf() != confirm) {
+			if (rcnf() != confirm)
 				break;
-			}
 			g_addr = app_end + page;
 			erase_below(); // leaves g_addr = app_end, the store target
 			store_flash();
@@ -374,6 +350,14 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 } // namespace
 } // namespace tsb
 
-// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
-// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
-template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;
+// Reset lands here: BOOTRST vectors to the boot section base and .vectors is
+// laid first, so this is the first instruction executed. No crt ran, so set
+// the stack pointer before anything is called.
+extern "C" [[gnu::naked, gnu::used, gnu::section(".vectors")]] void __boot_entry()
+{
+	SP = RAMEND;
+	// The one line of crt this loader needs: compiled code assumes
+	// __zero_reg__ (r1) is 0, and power-on registers are undefined.
+	asm volatile("clr __zero_reg__");
+	tsb::run();
+}