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avr:master avr:main avr:stk500v2-library-wip avr:autobaud
avr:v8 avr:v7 avr:v6 avr:v5 avr:v4 avr:v3 avr:v2 avr:v1
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compare: avr:0cb83ff36f72323c5fd9b85561f4e9fe8acc211e
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48 Commits
autobaud ... 0cb83ff36f

Author SHA1 Message Date
BlackMark
0cb83ff36f build: the libavr pin advances past the consumer-report fixes 
timer::engine gains stop()/start() and a runtime TOP, adc gains
disable()/enable(), and libavr_programming_targets() stops leaving .fuse bytes
in the flash HEX. Every one of them is additive, and this port adopts none of
them yet: its 687 built images come out byte-identical across the pin change,
which is what the advance is here to keep true.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-08-01 23:18:55 +02:00
BlackMark
8aa1721709 README: which slot the 510 bytes belong to, and the way in without a reset 
The Chips footnote said "the slot's last word" against a table whose subject is
the loader, where it means the *lower* slot's — the trampoline holding the
application's relocated reset vector, and a staging copy's own last word during
a self-update. The resident has all 512 bytes of the slot it runs in; 510 is
what an image must fit so a copy staged one slot down leaves that word alone.

And a section on entering from a running application, for the boards whose
adapter does not drive reset and which therefore have no edge to open a window
with. Deciding when to jump stays the application's business — a console
command, a held pin, an idle timeout — so there is no knock detector and no
header here, only the mechanics: the base as a --defsym symbol, and the three
things that must be true first (interrupts off, WDRF clear, and any peripheral
holding the link released, since a loader entered by a jump inherits the
application's registers rather than reset values).

Not the noipa indirect call run_app() uses, which is the obvious thing to copy
and the wrong one: that is a position-independence measure belonging to a loader
that runs the same image from either slot. An application is linked at a fixed
base, so a plain call to the symbol comes out `call 0x7e00` in four bytes where
the laundered form spends two ldi's and a helper call.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-08-01 23:12:34 +02:00
BlackMark
2655d058f4 pbhw: an absent probe is not a destroyed loader 
The slot-survives-erase check reads back over ISP by design — an independent
reader is the only witness worth having about a loader that has just been
asked to erase around itself. With the one probe on another board it printed
"ISP read failed" as a red, which is the same word a destroyed loader would
get, and it is permanently red on the two deployments with no ISP header at
all.

It names its witness now and falls back to the link when there is no
programmer, saying that the loader is then reporting on its own slot — weaker
for exactly the reason it is worth having, since a destroyed loader could not
answer at all. An absent instrument is a fact about the bench and a wrong byte
is a verdict on the subject; a check that prints them identically stops being
read.

Both paths exercised on hardware: ISP on the Uno, the link on the ATtiny13A.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-08-01 20:25:47 +02:00
BlackMark
e9c3897d4f build: the libavr pin advances to the v9 era 
Built and tested against it in a clean checkout of this port, through its own
submodule rather than a working-tree override, so the pin is what was proved.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-08-01 18:48:31 +02:00
BlackMark
546b1589a3 pureboot v9: seal every command, and stop guarding what the seal covers 
'W' handed the loader a whole page with no ack inside it and sp_spm handed any
wire byte to SPMCSR, so a dropped byte re-aligned the stream and page data
arrived where commands belong. That is how a page-address byte became
BLBSET|SELFPRGEN on the tempmon board and programmed its lock bits.

The first answer was to refuse that one command. It was the wrong shape twice
over: it forbade a lock-bit write the owner may want, and it left every other
command decided by bytes nobody checked. v9 checks them instead. One header for
every command — opcode, selector, address, count, seal — folded and compared
before the command is decoded, and *answered* before any payload moves: '+'
accepts, 0xd4 (the ack inverted) refuses and nothing happened. An ack cannot do
this job; it reports a command that has already run.

It is smaller than v8 everywhere: 1284P 506→480, m8 498→480, 328P 484→468,
t13A 474→460. The seal costs 14 bytes; bit opcodes in place of the letters pay
for it twice over, since a letter costs a compare and a branch where a bit costs
a skip. Both guards go — the lock-bit refusal because the seal covers it, the
running-slot write guard because what it defended against was a wire fault
naming an address and a wire fault can no longer name one. That one is a real
trade: a host bug aimed at the running slot now lands. It buys a resident copy
that can write its own slot, which is the only self-update route on a chip whose
boot section *is* the slot.

Two things the tests caught, both introduced here. Removing the invalid-opcode
arm made every byte a command, so the knock stopped being harmless against a
loader already in session and ate the five bytes behind it — identify moves to
bit 5, which both 'p' and 'b' carry, so the knock is inert again and version
discovery still works before the version is known. And the SPM value rides the
count field because a data byte would arrive after the seal was checked.

pbselfwrite and pbglitch are the new gates, both red-green: the same erase of
the running page refused unsealed and performed sealed, and every header byte
damaged after sealing refused where the identical damage before sealing is
obeyed. Both judge by the simulator's flash, not the loader's opinion of it.
pbreloc and pbrehome lose their write-guard probes, which is what those two
gates replace. Defeating the seal in the loader turns seven tests red.

37 of 37 chips green with the exhaustive size matrix; README protocol section
and every size row rewritten. pbhw gains an adversarial --seal-rounds sweep for
the bench.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-08-01 18:38:41 +02:00
BlackMark
eb213e1025 one-wire: a lost echo and a dead line are not the same report 
The blind-write path said "lost to the device's ack" for any missing echo, and
the count is what distinguishes two different faults. Some bytes lost is the
device's ack winning the line against the host's series resistor — ordinary,
and what the knock retry absorbs. *Every* byte lost is nothing coming back at
all, which means the line is not free: a pin held low, a wedge, or an RX that
is not on it.

Found pointing the wrong way on purpose-built hardware. This rig's LED demo
ends by driving every port pin low, and one of them is the shared link — so a
knock into a finished demo got no echo whatsoever and was told the device had
acked, when nothing had answered and nothing could. Same retry either way, but
blaming an ack that never happened sends the reader to the protocol when the
answer is a pin.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-31 18:32:18 +02:00
BlackMark
3e4bfbaf48 pbhw: the marker check assumed a board whose port-open is not a reset 
Its comment said "opening the port does not reset a board whose DTR is
unwired, so this simply listens" — true of the tiny it was written against,
false of an Arduino, and this is the generic harness. Where DTR is wired to
reset, that open resets the part and the activation window comes first, so a
fixture emitting its banner once says it on the far side of a wait the suite
cannot know the length of: the window is a compile-time constant and nothing
on the wire reports it. The suite read the silence as an application that
never ran, on a board where it demonstrably had.

So --marker-wait, defaulting to the 2.5 s that was hardcoded, and a failure
that names the window as the candidate rather than leaving the next person to
suspect the loader. The other half is the fixture: PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT makes
the observation independent of when the listener arrives, which is what the
rig's own builds now pass.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-31 17:12:08 +02:00
BlackMark
579ca81b27 one-wire: the knock's lost byte is the wiring, and the diagnosis was unreachable 
Measured on an ATtiny13A with the link folded onto PB3 and the FTDI's TX
reaching it through 1 k: a knock aimed at a loader already in session loses
its second byte every time, 8 runs of 8, never intermittently. The first byte
draws a prompt while the second is still going out and the device's push-pull
ack wins the line against the resistor, so that byte is destroyed rather than
delayed — which is what the README predicted and the sim bridge cannot show,
since it arbitrates the line by queueing.

The recovery for it existed and could not run. Two defects:

OneWirePort.write read its echo with read_exact, whose contract is to raise, so
the "one-wire echo missing — is the adapter's RX tied to the line?" message was
unreachable on any line that simply fell quiet, and a bare "timeout: got 0 of 1
bytes" surfaced in its place. The one message the class exists to produce could
never be produced. The read is speculative and is now read_available.

And any raise from write aborted _handshake before the retry loop that exists
to absorb exactly this, whose docstring already claimed it "converges into an
already-live session" — true on a pty, impossible on real wiring. The knock is
now the one write marked blind: a missing echo there is a property of the
shared line, counted and reported under -v rather than raised. Every other
write is ack-paced and cannot collide, so a missing echo there still means an
RX that is not on the line, and still raises.

Both gates green on Windows (31/31 m328p, 16/16 t13a); on hardware the
reconnect now converges on the first knock, the surviving prompt being all the
handshake needs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-31 16:29:17 +02:00
BlackMark
5d520a1ff9 pbhw: --one-wire never reached the suite's own sessions 
The flag was plumbed through pbrig.Deployment to the host-tool subprocess
calls and nowhere else, so identity() and scan() opened a raw port and drove
a shared line as though it were two wires. On real one-wire hardware the
adapter's echo answers the knock before the device does, so the suite would
have died at its very first check — "the loader never answered; nothing below
can be trusted" — for the one deployment the flag exists to test, and every
result after it is gated on that check passing.

Both now open through pbrig.Rig.open_port(), which applies the deployment's
link mode. The gap underneath was that only the subprocess path could reach
those facts at all; anything driving the protocol in-process had to restate
them, and did not.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-31 13:25:46 +02:00
BlackMark
f71d76a815 pureboot v8: one-wire on every backend 
HALF_DUPLEX deploys a shared line per backend. The hardware USART takes
the library's .half_duplex turn-around — RXD and TXD tied off-chip, each
reply byte held to transmit-complete before the line can be released
(m8 404 B, m328P 440, 1284P 460; the window poll runs through the
outlined release-line call at 18 or 22 cycles a poll, measured off the
built loops and held per chip by pureboot.window.halfduplex). The
software and autobaud links fold onto the RX pin — RX == TX spells the
same — and cost nothing: the frame's direction wrap is what the dropped
second-pin init paid, and the worst image in the space is unchanged at
the 1284s' 502 of 512, now with its one-wire twin proven equal across
the exhaustive matrix. The host gains --one-wire, the echo discard a
shared line requires: the adapter's echo is matched byte for byte and a
reply interleaving a blind write — a loader already in session
re-prompts inside the knock — is held for the reader. The device runner
models the shared line by direction (drives only while the firmware's
DDR reads input, decodes only while the firmware owns it, supplies the
host-side echo), extends the USART pin-ownership model to RXEN's hold
on RXD, and starts the pty USART from the datasheet's zeroed UCSR#B:
simavr's TXEN-set reset plus its clear-UDRE-on-TXEN-drop otherwise
wedges the first transmitter after a receiver-only program, which the
half-duplex window gate caught as a banner that never came. v7 is
tagged at its era's last commit; v8 changes nothing on the wire.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-31 02:32:11 +02:00
BlackMark
47419400f6 build: the pin advances over the one-wire serial feature 
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-31 02:31:55 +02:00
BlackMark
bad8b6b43e build: the pin advances over the bounded calibration 
libavr's calibrate() now bounds its measurement loop, starts the pulse
on an observed edge, and re-arms a rejected pulse on the remaining
budget instead of one-strike booting the application. The autobaud
images pay +16..20 B — every slot still fits, the worst now the 1284s'
502 of 512 — and the stock images are byte-identical, kept so by
fitting the loader's flag set per backend: -fno-ivopts stays on the
fixed-baud bodies it shrinks and comes off the autobaud body, where it
duplicated the calibration countdown into a 9-cycle loop against the
contracted seven.

One deployed constant moved and its gate caught it: the calibrate
wait's budget poll re-laid from ten cycles to nine (the exit branches
land where block layout puts them), so pureboot.window.autobaud
measured -10 % until AUTOBAUD_POLL_CYCLES and the README's derived
seconds were re-measured — the default autobaud window is 36 M cycles,
4.5 s at 8 MHz. Full gate green on all 37 chips; the README's autobaud
column carries each chip's rebuilt worst configuration, machine-checked
against the built trees.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 22:49:55 +02:00
BlackMark
5d1b4497d4 build: the libavr pin advances over the drain and delay contracts 
The hand-over drains move to the explicit drain_unbounded() — both link
adapters drain only after their own write, so the frame is in flight by
construction and the bounded default's countdown would be dead bytes;
the images stay byte-identical. window_polls() states its arithmetic
through dev::cycles_for with the whole window converted before the
per-poll division — one truncation instead of one per second, same
instructions, only the countdown's immediate moves. Every size in the
matrix is unchanged; the full gate is green on all 37 chips.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 17:31:22 +02:00
BlackMark
a743ea64a3 tool: a size collision across build trees is an error, not a coin toss 
sizes.py merged every owned tree's rows and let the last one win, so a
stale reflect tree — last built before the window constants moved —
reported the atmega8's old stock size over the fresh build and failed
the README check with yesterday's number. Generated and reflect must
answer with the same bytes (the identity invariant), so the same target
measuring two sizes is a stale tree or an identity breach; collect()
refuses now, naming both trees. The stale reflect trees are removed —
the reflect sweep rebuilds them.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 16:32:35 +02:00
BlackMark
aa66cfccff pureboot: the poll-cost lookup rides the baud parameter 
usart_of<0> is an incomplete type on the USART-less chips, and a static
member initializer with only non-dependent operands is checked when the
template is parsed, not when it is instantiated — so the address probe
broke every tiny build without hardware_link ever being named. The
lookup moves into a member function template taking the link's own baud
parameter, the dependence carrier that defers it to instantiation.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 16:13:44 +02:00
BlackMark
459d463283 pureboot: the classic megas' idle poll is a bit-skip — 7 cycles, and their stock window goes wide 
The window gate's first full sweep caught it on the atmega8: 6.22 s
measured against 8 declared, the exact 7/9 of a poll modeled as an
extended-I/O lds + skip on a chip whose UCSRA sits in bit-addressable
I/O and compiles to a 2-cycle skip. poll_cycles now follows the status
register's home (7 below 0x40, 9 above). At 16 MHz over 7 cycles the
poll count no longer fits uint24_t, so the classic megas' stock windows
take the wide countdown — 8.000 s measured on all three, +4 B of stock
image (m8 362, m16/m32 364), README stock rows updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 16:11:34 +02:00
BlackMark
8e7cc86fb3 pureboot: the activation window gets a behavioral gate, and honest per-poll constants under it 
The window's per-poll cycle counts were hand-counted for a uint32_t
countdown, but every default window fits uint24_t, whose decrement chain
is one sbci shorter — so deployed loaders ran 9/10ths of their stated
seconds (a 328P's 8 s was 7.2 s on the wire). No golden-asm pin can hold
this: the loops compile in consumer context. pbwindow.py measures the
behavior instead: it installs a real application beside the loader
through the host tool's own plan_flash (surgery included), starts the
simulator with the line idle, and reads the cycle of the first transmit
— the application's banner, so that cycle is the window. Held at plus or
minus 2 percent per chip (pureboot.window), red at -10.0 percent against
the old constants, green with poll_cycles now counted for the narrow
countdown (hardware 9, software 7; window_polls() solves narrow-first
and adds the wide loop's cycle where the count forces uint32_t — a count
narrow only at the wide cost stays wide, so the choice cannot
oscillate). The autobaud window is its poll budget at the measured ten
cycles a poll, gated the same way (pureboot.window.autobaud), and the
README carries that arithmetic now. No version bump: timing-window
precision is not meaningful behavior, v7 stays.

The gate flushed out two runner gaps. The software bridge accepted any
falling edge as a start bit, so the device's own TX-init glitch decoded
as a stray byte; it re-samples mid-bit now and abandons a false start,
as silicon does. And after avr_reset, the idle-line re-raise was
silently dropped: ioport pin irqs are IRQ_FLAG_FILTERED and the irq's
cached value survives the reset the port latch does not, so the device
read the line stuck low, calibrate() measured reset-to-first-edge as one
wrapping pulse, and the first knock after a reset could boot the
application instead of locking — the intermittent autobaud failure.
bridge_reset forces a real transition (0 then 1, no cycles between).

The README's Autobaud column now carries each chip's worst
configuration — autobaud with OSCCAL baked, on a USART's own pins where
the chip has one (tinies: autobaud + OSCCAL) — the numbers the existing
pureboot_autobaud_osccal[_on_usart0] matrix points already gate;
sizes.py checks the column against exactly those targets. Tool sizes
and window prose updated with it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 16:05:42 +02:00
BlackMark
c8ac61779e tool: survive our own leftovers — drain the fresh port, shorten the identity read 
--stay leaves the loader's final prompt in the USB pipeline; a fresh
invocation on a board that resets when its port opens then flushes too
early, trusts the stale prompt, and spends the new activation window on
a 2-second identity read against a device that never heard its knock —
collecting the application's banner as an unknown signature. Three
host-side moves, no device bytes: the line is drained until quiet
(bounded, 250 ms) before the port's first knock — once per port, since a
mid-session re-knock faces no foreign bytes and its own window is
already burning; the identity read_exact drops 2.0 to 0.5 s, dozens of
times the worst real answer, so any false prompt match leaves room for
the retry that already works; and the tool version drifts to 8. The
StaleDTRPort fixture models the whole moment — stale prompt in transit,
reset holding the device off the line, a finite window, the banner —
red against the old tool in exactly the field shape (unknown signature
from banner bytes), green now; LoaderPort answers its prompt to the
knock rather than to a read count, which the drain exposed as a
call-order coupling.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-30 16:05:16 +02:00
BlackMark
4362886c39 build: the libavr pin advances over the trait projection 
The de-string-2 pass upstream: every peripheral block behind generated
instance traits, int-keyed, the string layer gone. The port's share of it
is two spellings — the char usart_digit that existed to be pasted into
register names becomes the int unit the usart template now takes, and the
tsb tiers' one reg<"UBRR0"> is the flat hw::ubrr0 — plus the pbapp
harness probing has_usart<0>() instead of instance-name strings. Nine
loader codegen families rebuilt green through their full workflows (size
matrix and simulator protocol suites included); every image holds its
recorded size.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-29 20:08:10 +02:00
BlackMark
0513d07e87 build: the libavr pin advances to current main 
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-29 07:24:10 +02:00
BlackMark
d4ab28aa17 build: the libavr pin advances to current main 
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-29 06:48:37 +02:00
BlackMark
b60f182105 review: the port's findings — the version map speaks v7, costs told true 
The in-file version window now carries the v7 line its own comment
claimed to hold; the GPIOR note counts words, not instructions; the
USART-release cost and citation match the silicon (two bytes on the
classics, §20.6.3); and the 512-byte claim reads as the slot bound it
is. The libavr pin advances over the review pass — images byte-identical.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 20:05:42 +02:00
BlackMark
5bc35a9733 build: the libavr pin advances over the instance traits 
Byte-identical images — the traits resolve the same database indices the
retired string forms did; the tightest image is compared outright.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 17:18:07 +02:00
BlackMark
8f6319c068 pureboot 7: the same features in fewer words on every chip 
Four cuts, none touching what the loader can do. The entry stub stops
re-doing the reset logic's own SP write where the datasheet guarantees
RAMEND (stack::hardware — the classic megas keep theirs). The autobaud
unit moves into GPIOR2:GPIOR1 wherever the chip has the pair: one-word
accesses, no RAM object, and the host's measured-clock peek follows it
by version and geometry. 'J' rides the unified decode, carrying a
selector it ignores so its address is the same two reads as every other
command — the tool sends the bare form to older residents. run_app stops
insisting on a body of its own. The fleet lands at 358–410 B stock and
438–474 B autobaud; the tightest image in the space — the 1284s'
autobaud on a USART's own pins with the OSCCAL trim — drops from 510 to
484 of its 512. Every chip's suite is green on the wire that changed,
and the README's table is machine-checked against the built images.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 17:02:38 +02:00
BlackMark
a3ea099105 pureboot: the detail reaches become the library's own API 
The three things this repo took from under libavr's counter are now over
it, and the local copies fold away. The USART release on a software
link's pins is the library's init contract (its guard here becomes a
deletion, byte-identical images held by the gate); the WDRF routing test
is power::peek_reset_cause().watchdog instead of a hand lookup of the
flag's register; the tsb tiers' baud arithmetic is the public solver.
libavr pin advances over those three additions.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 16:12:35 +02:00
BlackMark
c535c4756c pureboot: the activation countdown in the narrowest type that holds it 
The fixed-baud window counted down a uint32 where almost every window fits
24 bits; the countdown now takes avr::uint24_t when the poll budget allows
(the autobaud budget's own choice), uint32 past 16.7M polls — four bytes
off every fixed-baud image on every chip, the full suites green on the
changed window. The README size table is refreshed — its autobaud column
had also gone stale by the no-assembly pass's measurement-loop win, which
nothing gated: sizes.py check-readme now runs as the gate's final stage,
where every tree is freshly built and the table can actually be held.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 14:47:29 +02:00
BlackMark
321ff8a4ee test: the device runners speak the C++ the rest of the repo does 
pureboot_device and the tsb device, C until now, rewritten in C++23 with
every modeled behavior intact — the PGERS Z-mask and m48-discard ioctl
wraps, the GPIO bridge's timing and pacing, the tiny NVM's write-once
buffer, pin ownership, and the PB_PTY/TSB_PTY lines the harnesses parse.
The one linkage fact worth a comment: simavr's parts headers (uart_pty.h)
carry no C++ guards where its core headers do, so those includes sit in an
extern "C" block. Warning-clean at -Wall -Wextra on the build line; the
full protocol suites on all four sim-driven chips prove the conversion.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 13:59:03 +02:00
BlackMark
531ae6c8dc build: the libavr pin advances over the audit rounds 
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 10:52:05 +02:00
BlackMark
b3f41caf6e audit: round three on the port — the hardware scan check fails soft 
A rig hiccup mid-walk records the scan check as failed and lets the suite
continue, matching its siblings' envelope; a nonexistent --port path
reports as an error instead of a traceback.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 10:31:32 +02:00
BlackMark
7716e1e291 audit: the port's pass — the scan that could not walk, and the drift a generator ends 
--scan's walk was unwalkable on POSIX: probe rates have no termios
B-constant, so the first off-nominal probe raised out of the loop. The port
speaks termios2 BOTHER now (red-proven on a pty at 9984 Bd), the probe's
open lives inside the walk's error handling, an fd no longer leaks on an
unmakeable rate, and the swallowed unknown-signature reply is named at
timeout instead of reported as silence. CMakePresets.json's generator emits
the submodule toolchain path it had drifted from — a hand edit on a
generated file, exactly the class rule 10 exists for — and presets.generated
gates the pair from here on (the  marker CMake rejects at the
presets root stayed out; the check is the guard). The over-slot image guard
the tsb runner gained reaches the pureboot runner too; the GPIO bridge's
delivery comment states the hardware truth (RXC at the stop bit's sampling
point); the hardware suite gains the scan check — the one place the rate
physics is real; and the libavr pin advances over both audit rounds.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 10:12:17 +02:00
BlackMark
1b18f10f4e docs: the OSCCAL axis, --scan, and the RC-oscillator deployment risk 
Configuration gains the OSCCAL row; Deployment says what the build cannot
see (±10 % factory trim against a frame's ~±4 %, and silence that reads as
wiring); the update section names an OSCCAL bake as a link change in effect,
declared with --staged-baud; the host-tool section documents --scan and the
measured clock --info adds on an autobaud session; the version map gains 6.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 01:03:15 +02:00
BlackMark
52c4cdab32 pureboot.py: --scan walks a silent loader's rate; --info decodes the clock 
The RC-oscillator answer's host half. --scan probes ±10 % around the built
rate in 2 % steps, nearest first, one activation window (one reset) per
probe: a fixed-baud loader whose oscillator drifted answers at the ratio,
and the report gives the session workaround (--baud), the offset, the
OSCCAL direction at ~1 %/step, and the autobaud way out. The walk and the
advice are logic-tested (test_scan.py, red-proven on the trim direction) —
a pty carries bytes at any rate, so the wire cannot arbitrate them.

On an autobaud session --info now reads the measured bit period from
ram_start — the geometry table gains that column — and undoes the unit's
encoding ((cycles − 8) / 4, floored: libavr's spin granule and per-bit
overhead), so the printed clock is the true one within a granule; --clock
turns it into a stated drift. The autobaud end-to-end asserts the figure
inside exactly that envelope at both clock points.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 01:01:35 +02:00
BlackMark
69f089e53a pureboot 6: a build-time OSCCAL trim, applied ahead of every reset path 
The RC-oscillator answer's device half (dev/tasks.md in libavr): OSCCAL joins
pureboot_add_loader() as one optional byte, written at the top of run() before
the WDRF bail so the watchdog hand-over inherits the corrected clock too.
Orthogonal to the backend — an autobaud build may carry it purely for the
application. No value, no code: the stock image differs from v5 in exactly
the version's two bytes (the stamp and the 'b' immediate).

Measured: +6 B where OSCCAL takes sts (328P, 404→410), +4 B in low I/O
(t85, 402→406); the tightest image in the space (1284 autobaud on USART
pins, 504) carries the sts form at 510 of 512. New gates: the OSCCAL size
points on every chip, the wire-observed trim byte on both addressing
classes (test/pbosccal.py, red-green), and the autobaud unit pinned to
ram_start (test/check_unit.cmake, red-green) — the address --info's
measured-clock read is about to rely on.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 00:53:14 +02:00
BlackMark
fe0d9f8790 build: the submodule is how libavr arrives; the era already carries it 
The pin the whole history now encodes becomes the primary route: the
submodule default replaces FetchContent and the unpinned forge fallback,
LIBAVR_ROOT stays as the tandem-development override, the presets already
take the toolchain file from the submodule, and the Studio projects anchor
their include path there — correct by construction. The version tags and
the one-command historical build are documented beside the version map.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-28 00:28:49 +02:00
BlackMark
3ce817ea03 ide: the Atmel Studio solution master has, on the libavr port 
master carries bootloader.atsln, so main does too. Two projects, because a
.cppproj is one binary at one flag set and this build has hundreds: the stock
328P pureboot loader (USART0 at 115200 on a 16 MHz crystal), and the tsb_asm
tier that occupies the same 512-byte section master's own tsb project targeted.
Both come out byte-identical to the Ninja build — 404 B and 510 B of .text —
in both configurations.

Debug keeps -Os and adds only -gdwarf-4. A loader's section is a correctness
bound, and -Og builds this source to 590 B: the link at 0x7e00 accepts that
without a diagnostic, 78 bytes past flash end, where rcall/rjmp wrap modulo
flash size and the image dies just after activation. Debug info costs no flash,
so the optimisation level stays where correctness needs it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 22:15:28 +02:00
BlackMark
af0dd15a77 tsb: the policy floor, measured and kept 
A fourth tier answering one question: what does the full TinySafeBoot
feature set cost in C++ under pureboot's rules — no assembly, no
register variables, every pureboot lesson applied. 638 bytes, protocol
suite green: 198 below the idiomatic tier, 126 above the 512 B section,
and above the tiers that pay with the banned mechanisms (526 global
registers, 510 with two asm routines). The gap decomposes into the rent
policy-clean C++ pays for state held across calls — push/pop and
argument threading a global-register protocol avoids — and both
control-flow merges tried measured larger than the split cases they
replaced, while the data merge (one send loop over both memories) paid.
The tiers stay; this one keeps the floor an artifact instead of a claim.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 18:57:13 +02:00
BlackMark
a54075e526 test: the device runner refuses an image that runs past flash end 
A boot-linked image larger than its slot cannot execute on hardware, and
the naive copy smashed the heap beyond avr->flash — after which the
simulation misbehaved in ways that pointed everywhere but at the size:
phantom byte losses on the UART, garbage in SPMCSR, all downstream of
the overrun. The size gate had said it plainly; now the runner does too.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 18:57:13 +02:00
BlackMark
aec430c2e1 docs: name the two data-space regions a poke cannot survive 
Writing 0x60-0x61 on an ATtiny13A reliably garbled the link, which looked like a
loader defect. It is the loader's own footing: .noinit lands at exactly 0x60,
size 2, and on an autobaud build that is unit_ — the measured bit period, and the
whole of its static RAM. Overwrite it and the next reply is timed against
garbage, so the symptom is a mangled prompt byte and no error, because nothing
went wrong except the rate both ends had agreed on.

Identical in kind to poking the stack at the top of SRAM, and cleared by a reset.
test/pbautobaud.py already steered its RAM round-trip clear of the bottom of SRAM
for this reason; only the README had not said it. Both regions are named there
now, beside the note that --poke does reach OSCCAL but that a session survives
only a step or two of moving the clock under itself.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 16:48:09 +02:00
BlackMark
9a8a5b0082 tools: measure the images, and hold the README to what is built 
The size matrix proves every image fits its slot and says nothing about the
numbers the README prints. Those drift silently: caller_page() took eight bytes
off every build at once, so all fifteen rows went stale together and no test
noticed, because nothing was over budget. sizes.py check-readme compares the
table against the built images; sizes.py max reports the largest image per chip
and anything over its slot.

It is a check rather than a generator, so the table stays prose someone can
write. No chip geometry lives here either: the image/budget pairs come out of
each build's own CTestTestfile.cmake, which is what the gate checks, so a chip
added or a budget changed needs no edit. Only trees a preset still owns are
read — a stale directory answers with a size that was true once.

16243 images across 37 chips today, none over budget, tightest tsb_asm at 510
of 512.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 16:45:20 +02:00
BlackMark
7702c6b700 test: gate autobaud's logic floor, and say what an RC oscillator costs 
The ATtiny13A run left autobaud's low-clock lock looking unreliable: 1/5 at
19200 on a 1.2 MHz RC part. The simulator does not reproduce it. At an exact
clock the calibration is solid down to ~36 cycles a bit and fails outright by
~31 — a sharp edge, not a fraying one — where the real part was already 1 in 5
by ~59. So the effect is the oscillator's own jitter and not backend logic, and
the two floors are different quantities about a factor of two apart.

Both are worth having. pureboot.autobaud gates a tight-bit point, since its two
existing clock points both sat near 100 cycles a bit and would not notice the
floor moving. The README carries the other half: both floors side by side, the
per-clock envelope measured on silicon, and the reason budgeting the logic's ~36
on an RC part is wrong.

It also carries the trap that produced the confusion. On a patched-vector chip an
erased application region walks back up into the loader, so every expired window
opens another and the host's retries eventually catch the pulse — 5/5 where the
same part with an application resident gives 1/5. Measure with an application in
place, or the fixture flatters the backend.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 16:44:21 +02:00
BlackMark
77dd45aeca pureboot.py: an update follows the staging copy onto its own link 
--update-loader works by entering copies of the *new* image and letting them
rewrite the resident. Those copies speak the link they were built for, but the
host went on knocking with the session's baud and backend — the resident's. Where
the image changed either, the staging copy was installed and then never answered:
resident untouched, and on a 1 KiB tiny the staging slot is the whole application
region, so the application was already gone.

The wire cannot be probed for it. 512 bytes of position-independent code carry no
header saying what rate they were built for, so the operator declares it:
--staged-baud and --staged-autobaud, applied from the jump into the staging copy
onward. Retuning goes through the open port — SetCommState or tcsetattr on the
live handle, never a reopen — because a DTR pulse would reset the copy being
talked to. Undeclared against a changed link it still cannot work, but the error
now names that as the cause instead of reporting the bare activation timeout that
sent the operator looking at wiring.

The README's idempotence claim needed the same qualification: from step 2 a
re-run must reach the new image, and after step 3 word 0 points at the staging
copy, so on a patched-vector part the resident's link reaches nothing at all.

Found on an ATtiny13A, where two controls differing only in the activation window
updated cleanly and so isolated the link as the variable.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 16:31:27 +02:00
BlackMark
433bec3e58 tools: a hardware harness, so a board can be proven and not just a protocol 
check.sh proves the protocol under simavr on every chip; it cannot prove a
board. Two things live only on silicon — an RC oscillator that is not on its
nominal, and a reset edge that has to come from somewhere — and until now the
scripts that reached them were per-session scratch on the machine holding the
programmer, which is where the ATtiny13A run's findings nearly stayed.

pbrig.py is the primitives, knowing nothing per-board: every deployment fact is
a flag or a PUREBOOT_* variable. Two rig facts are encoded in it because neither
is guessable and each cost a session to learn: an ISP access *is* the reset edge
where the adapter's DTR is unwired, so a session begins with an ISP touch and
knocks immediately after; and avrdude splits -U on colons, so a Windows drive
letter breaks the spec and every file goes as a bare name with avrdude run in
its own directory. Its `rate` subcommand is the one that turns "the loader is
silent, so the wiring must be wrong" into a number, by sweeping the host rate
against a fixed cycles-per-bit transmitter — PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT makes the
existing fixture into one, software link only, since the hardware-link idle owes
the self-update tests its command loop.

pbhw.py takes every bound from the info block the loader reports, so one run
covers a 1 KiB tiny and a 128 KiB mega alike. Both are exercised on an ATtiny13A:
backup verified against a known-good capture, the clock measured at 9.048 MHz
against a 9.6 MHz nominal, and the suite 11/11.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-27 16:06:15 +02:00
BlackMark
e89000f73e pureboot: the pin axis, and the mute it was hiding 
Pins move the image for exactly one reason — a bit-banged link on a USART's own
pins has to release that USART — and the matrix said outright that they were no
axis, so the tightest configuration in the space was one nothing built. Not
subtly, either: the 1284's slot ends at flash end, so that build does not merely
exceed the size test's limit, it fails to link. pureboot_{sw,autobaud}_on_usart
{0,1} are gate points in both matrix modes now, and the exhaustive sweep carries
the pins across its whole cross product. The hand-measured table is the gate's
output: 506 B of 512 for the 1284 autobaud on USART0's pins, 504 on USART1's.

pureboot.mute drives the defect itself — an application hands over with USART0
still enabled and the loader on those pins must still answer. Reaching that
needed the runner to know an enabled USART owns its TxD, which simavr does not
model at all: it wires a USART through IRQs and never takes the pin from the
port. It also brings UCSRnB up with TXEN already set where silicon clears the
register, so the runner restores the reset value for the USART it models — the
mute must come from the application, not from power-on. The fixture stays
silent, since nothing is listening on the USART it brings up.

test_handshake.py, written where no gate could run it, is pureboot.handshake.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-24 22:08:56 +02:00
BlackMark
b0737f7cc0 test: move the handshake regression in beside the rest 
It was written next to the loader source; the harness lives at the repo root.
Not registered with ctest yet — it belongs beside pureboot.planner, which is
the other test of the host tool's pure logic.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-24 18:22:19 +02:00
BlackMark
07f93caba8 pureboot: take the running slot from avr::startup::caller_page 
The write guard's anchor was costing a materialised pointer and a byte swap to
use one byte of it. The libavr primitive answers it in a single load, which is
eight bytes off every build — and what lets the USART release fit the tightest
configuration in the space: the 1284 autobaud on USART-shared pins was 514 of
its 512 and is now 506, with the default pinning down from 510 to 502.

Verified on silicon: the guard still refuses an erase aimed at the slot it runs
from, and still permits one in the application region.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-24 17:57:47 +02:00
BlackMark
45f10f843a pureboot: release a USART left enabled on the software link's pins 
A software or autobaud link on a USART's own pins (PD0/PD1 on the mega328P, so
the Uno's USB bridge reaches it) was mute after an application handed over with
that USART still enabled: its TXEN keeps the USART owning the TX pin, so the
bit-banged transmitter cannot drive it — the loader locked and obeyed commands
but never answered. The link's init now clears the UCSRnB of the USART whose
TXD is its TX pin. Guarded with if constexpr on that pin match, so a link on
non-USART pins emits nothing: +4 bytes on a USART-pin build (494 of 512 for the
mega328P autobaud), zero on the default pb0/pb1 matrix.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-24 17:22:48 +02:00
BlackMark
34b47048ca pureboot.py: bump the tool version to 5 
The drain fix changes the tool's activation behaviour; mark it. The loader
version window is unchanged — the wire protocol did not move.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-24 17:11:03 +02:00
BlackMark
392035923f pureboot.py: bound the activation drain against a flooding target 
The post-prompt settle loop in _handshake had no deadline, so a target that
never falls quiet — a board stuck in a reset loop, whose UART-reset garbage
carries a stray prompt byte — spun the tool forever. Bound it by the handshake
deadline; a real loader still settles on its first quiet read. Regression:
test/test_handshake.py (flood terminates, valid loader still connects).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
 2026-07-24 17:10:40 +02:00
36 changed files with 5324 additions and 910 deletions
Expand all files Collapse all files

394
CMakeLists.txt
View File

@@ -2,21 +2,19 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.28)
project(tsb_libavr LANGUAGES CXX) project(tsb_libavr LANGUAGES CXX)
# libavr from a local checkout (LIBAVR_ROOT) or the forge; the toolchain file # libavr rides as the pinned submodule; LIBAVR_ROOT (cache or environment)
# comes from the same checkout via CMakePresets.json. # overrides it for tandem development against a working tree. The toolchain
include(FetchContent) # file comes from the submodule via CMakePresets.json either way.
if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT AND DEFINED ENV{LIBAVR_ROOT}) if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT AND DEFINED ENV{LIBAVR_ROOT})
set(LIBAVR_ROOT $ENV{LIBAVR_ROOT}) set(LIBAVR_ROOT $ENV{LIBAVR_ROOT})
endif() endif()
if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT) if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT)
set(LIBAVR_ROOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libavr) set(LIBAVR_ROOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libavr)
endif() endif()
if(LIBAVR_ROOT) if(NOT EXISTS ${LIBAVR_ROOT}/CMakeLists.txt)
FetchContent_Declare(libavr SOURCE_DIR ${LIBAVR_ROOT}) message(FATAL_ERROR "libavr not found at ${LIBAVR_ROOT} — run: git submodule update --init libavr")
else()
FetchContent_Declare(libavr GIT_REPOSITORY git@git.blackmark.me:avr/libavr.git GIT_TAG main)
endif() endif()
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(libavr) add_subdirectory(${LIBAVR_ROOT} libavr-build)
if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL) if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
add_compile_options(-Werror) # warnings are errors for the port's own code add_compile_options(-Werror) # warnings are errors for the port's own code
@@ -24,15 +22,17 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
# The behavioral tests drive the real wire protocols over a simavr pty # The behavioral tests drive the real wire protocols over a simavr pty
# (as the host tools do) and actually flash the device. The runners are # (as the host tools do) and actually flash the device. The runners are
# host programs built at configure time against libsimavr; if they or # host programs built at configure time against libsimavr (C++23 — what
# Python are missing, only the size tests run. # the distribution's compiler speaks in full); if they or Python are
find_program(_host_cc NAMES cc gcc) # missing, only the size tests run.
find_program(_host_cxx NAMES c++ g++)
find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter) find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter)
if(_host_cc AND Python3_FOUND) if(_host_cxx AND Python3_FOUND)
set(PB_DEVICE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pureboot_device) set(PB_DEVICE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pureboot_device)
execute_process( execute_process(
COMMAND ${_host_cc} -O2 -I/usr/include/simavr -I/usr/include/simavr/parts COMMAND ${_host_cxx} -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -O2
-o ${PB_DEVICE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pureboot_device.c -I/usr/include/simavr -I/usr/include/simavr/parts
-o ${PB_DEVICE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pureboot_device.cpp
-lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf -lutil -lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf -lutil
RESULT_VARIABLE _pbdev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _pbdev_err) RESULT_VARIABLE _pbdev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _pbdev_err)
if(NOT _pbdev_res EQUAL 0) if(NOT _pbdev_res EQUAL 0)
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p") if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
set(TSB_DEVICE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tsb_device) set(TSB_DEVICE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/tsb_device)
execute_process( execute_process(
COMMAND ${_host_cc} -O2 -I/usr/include/simavr -I/usr/include/simavr/parts COMMAND ${_host_cxx} -std=c++23 -Wall -Wextra -O2
-o ${TSB_DEVICE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/device.c -I/usr/include/simavr -I/usr/include/simavr/parts
-o ${TSB_DEVICE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/device.cpp
-lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf -lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf
RESULT_VARIABLE _dev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _dev_err) RESULT_VARIABLE _dev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _dev_err)
if(NOT _dev_res EQUAL 0) if(NOT _dev_res EQUAL 0)
@@ -68,16 +69,18 @@ function(add_image_outputs name)
$<TARGET_FILE:${name}> $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>.bin) $<TARGET_FILE:${name}> $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>.bin)
endfunction() endfunction()
# The TinySafeBoot protocol reimplemented on libavr in three variants that trade # The TinySafeBoot protocol reimplemented on libavr in variants that trade
# clarity for size. Each links into the ATmega328P boot section (BOOTSZ selects # clarity for size. Each links into the ATmega328P boot section (BOOTSZ selects
# its size; BOOTRST vectors a reset to its base) with -nostartfiles — a polled # its size; BOOTRST vectors a reset to its base) with -nostartfiles — a polled
# loader has no use for the crt or the vector table. The naked entry sits in # loader has no use for the crt or the vector table. The entry sits in
# .vectors, laid first, and runs. The boot base is FLASHEND+1 minus the section # .vectors, laid first, and runs — avr::startup::entry on the policy tier,
# size; the linker section-start and the source's boot_bytes agree. tsb_app is # the experiment tiers' own naked stubs elsewhere, each documented in its
# source. The boot base is FLASHEND+1 minus the section size; the linker
# section-start and the source's boot_bytes agree. tsb_app is
# the application's reset vector, pinned to 0 here so the loaders jump to a # the application's reset vector, pinned to 0 here so the loaders jump to a
# named function; --pmem-wrap-around lets relaxation turn that absolute jump # named function; --pmem-wrap-around lets relaxation turn that absolute jump
# into the wrapped rjmp AVR's modulo-flash PC actually executes. # into the wrapped rjmp AVR's modulo-flash PC actually executes.
# All three implement the full oracle feature set (see oracle/README.md): # All four implement the full oracle feature set (see oracle/README.md):
# watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex, config-page activation timeout, password # watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex, config-page activation timeout, password
# gate, emergency erase, config/flash/EEPROM read-write. They differ only in how, # gate, emergency erase, config/flash/EEPROM read-write. They differ only in how,
# and the size gradient is the cost of that "how" — see dev/lessons.md. # and the size gradient is the cost of that "how" — see dev/lessons.md.
@@ -97,6 +100,10 @@ endfunction()
# tsb_pure — pure idiomatic libavr, one function per command, TU-local # tsb_pure — pure idiomatic libavr, one function per command, TU-local
# (internal linkage), streaming (no SRAM page buffer): 836 B in # (internal linkage), streaming (no SRAM page buffer): 836 B in
# the 1 KB section. # the 1 KB section.
# tsb_policy — the policy floor: pureboot's rules (no asm, no register
# variables) with every pureboot lesson applied. 638 B in the
# 1 KB section — the measured evidence that the 512 B fit is a
# property of the mechanisms philosophy #5 bans.
# #
# add_tsb_variant(<name> <boot-section-bytes>) # add_tsb_variant(<name> <boot-section-bytes>)
function(add_tsb_variant name bytes) function(add_tsb_variant name bytes)
@@ -124,8 +131,13 @@ endfunction()
# chips build pureboot alone. # chips build pureboot alone.
if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p") if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
add_tsb_variant(tsb_asm 512) add_tsb_variant(tsb_asm 512)
add_tsb_variant(tsb_policy 1024)
add_tsb_variant(tsb_pure 1024) add_tsb_variant(tsb_pure 1024)
add_tsb_variant(tsb_tricks 1024) add_tsb_variant(tsb_tricks 1024)
# The policy tier's floor is measured with the loop flags pureboot's size
# work found (a loader's loop bodies all contain calls); the other tiers
# keep the flag set their recorded floors were measured with — none.
target_compile_options(tsb_policy PRIVATE -fno-move-loop-invariants -fno-tree-ter)
endif() endif()
# pureboot — the pure-constraint port (see pureboot/README.md): one source, # pureboot — the pure-constraint port (see pureboot/README.md): one source,
@@ -160,6 +172,18 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
add_test(NAME pureboot.planner add_test(NAME pureboot.planner
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/test_planner.py COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/test_planner.py
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py) ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py)
add_test(NAME pureboot.scan
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/test_scan.py
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py)
# CMakePresets.json is generated; hand edits drift the moment the
# generator reruns, so the gate holds the pair together.
add_test(NAME presets.generated
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tools/make_presets.py
--check)
add_test(NAME pureboot.handshake
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/test_handshake.py)
add_test(NAME pureboot.updatelink
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/test_update_link.py)
endif() endif()
# The protocol test flashes this fixture through the loader with the real # The protocol test flashes this fixture through the loader with the real
@@ -178,6 +202,38 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbtest-work) ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbtest-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.protocol PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180) set_tests_properties(pureboot.protocol PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
# The activation window as a measured duration: application installed,
# line idle, the first transmit is the application's banner — its
# cycle is the window the source declares, held to ±2 % (one
# mis-counted cycle per poll is a 10 % shift).
add_test(NAME pureboot.window
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbwindow.py
--device ${PB_DEVICE} --loader $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot>
--mcu ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} --hz ${_pb_stock_hz}
--base ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} --page ${PUREBOOT_PAGE}
--baud ${_pb_stock_baud} --app $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp>.bin
--seconds ${PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT}
--tool ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
--workdir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbwindow-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.window PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 300)
# The half-duplex loader's window, same gate: its poll runs through
# rx_ready()'s release-line test, whose outlined call re-shapes the
# whole loop — a per-class cycle count (poll_cost() in pureboot.cpp)
# that only the built image can prove, chip by chip.
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
add_test(NAME pureboot.window.halfduplex
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbwindow.py
--device ${PB_DEVICE} --loader $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_hd>
--mcu ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} --hz ${_pb_stock_hz}
--base ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} --page ${PUREBOOT_PAGE}
--baud ${_pb_stock_baud} --app $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp>.bin
--seconds ${PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT}
--tool ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
--workdir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbwindow-hd-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.window.halfduplex PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 300)
endif()
# The position-independence acceptance test: the identical image, # The position-independence acceptance test: the identical image,
# installed one slot lower, must serve the full command set. # installed one slot lower, must serve the full command set.
add_test(NAME pureboot.reloc add_test(NAME pureboot.reloc
@@ -189,6 +245,28 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.reloc PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180 set_tests_properties(pureboot.reloc PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180
ENVIRONMENT "PB_OBJCOPY=${CMAKE_OBJCOPY}") ENVIRONMENT "PB_OBJCOPY=${CMAKE_OBJCOPY}")
# The seal against the one command that proves it: erasing the page the
# loader runs from, refused unsealed and honoured sealed. Destroys the
# loader by design, so it gets a device of its own.
add_test(NAME pureboot.selfwrite
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbselfwrite.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_pb_stock_hz}
${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_pb_stock_baud}
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbselfwrite-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.selfwrite PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
# The seal against a link that damages bytes on purpose: every header
# field flipped after sealing must be refused, and the identical flip
# applied before sealing must be obeyed.
add_test(NAME pureboot.glitch
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbglitch.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_pb_stock_hz}
${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_pb_stock_baud}
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbglitch-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.glitch PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
# Entering the loader from a running application with no reset # Entering the loader from a running application with no reset
# between, over a page buffer the application dirtied — the case the # between, over a page buffer the application dirtied — the case the
# loader declines to guard and the host repairs. Hardware forbids the # loader declines to guard and the host repairs. Hardware forbids the
@@ -238,12 +316,12 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
# The size matrix: every configuration axis that could move the image # The size matrix: every configuration axis that could move the image
# size — the serial backend (different code), the USART instance # size — the serial backend (different code), the USART instance
# (different registers), the clock (different constants), and the baud # (different registers), the clock (different constants), the baud
# through the shapes its bit timing takes — each combination must still # through the shapes its bit timing takes, and the pins through the one
# fit the chip's slot budget. Pins are size-neutral (port and bit are # thing they decide (whether a bit-banged link has to release the USART
# immediate operands) and the timeout is a constant, so neither adds an # that owns them) — each combination must still fit the chip's slot
# axis. The stock build is one point of this matrix and already has its # budget. The timeout is a constant and adds no axis. The stock build is
# test. # one point of this matrix and already has its test.
function(pureboot_size_variant name) function(pureboot_size_variant name)
pureboot_add_loader(${name} ${ARGN}) pureboot_add_loader(${name} ${ARGN})
add_test(NAME ${name}.size add_test(NAME ${name}.size
@@ -259,20 +337,50 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
add_test(NAME pureboot_autobaud.size add_test(NAME pureboot_autobaud.size
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -DSIZE_TOOL=${CMAKE_SIZE} -DELF=$<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_autobaud> COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -DSIZE_TOOL=${CMAKE_SIZE} -DELF=$<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_autobaud>
-DLIMIT=${PUREBOOT_LIMIT} -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/check_size.cmake) -DLIMIT=${PUREBOOT_LIMIT} -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/check_size.cmake)
# The measured unit's home is wire contract, not layout accident: the
# host reads the bit period from it (--info's measured clock). In the
# GPIOR home the image must carry no RAM copy at all; in the RAM home it
# is the loader's only RAM object, at the very start of SRAM.
add_test(NAME pureboot_autobaud.unit
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -DOBJDUMP=${CMAKE_OBJDUMP} -DELF=$<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_autobaud>
-DRAM_START=${PUREBOOT_RAM_START} -DGPIOR=${PUREBOOT_UNIT_GPIOR}
-P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/check_unit.cmake)
# One point of the exhaustive matrix, named from its resolved parameters # One point of the exhaustive matrix, named from its resolved parameters
# so the enumeration cannot collide with itself. Unreachable rates drop # so the enumeration cannot collide with itself. `pins` is empty for the
# out here rather than aborting the configure. # default pair, or the index of the USART whose own pins a bit-banged
function(pureboot_matrix_point hz baud link) # link sits on. Unreachable rates drop out here rather than aborting the
# configure.
# The optional trailing argument is the one-wire shape of the same link:
# ONE_WIRE folds a software point onto its RX pin (the default, or the
# named USART's RXD), HALF_DUPLEX is the hardware USART's turn-around.
function(pureboot_matrix_point hz baud link pins)
set(_name pbm_${hz}_${baud}_${link})
if(link STREQUAL "software") if(link STREQUAL "software")
pureboot_baud_feasible(${hz} ${baud} 1 _ok) pureboot_baud_feasible(${hz} ${baud} 1 _ok)
set(_args SERIAL software) set(_args SERIAL software)
if(NOT pins STREQUAL "")
list(APPEND _args RX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_TX})
set(_name ${_name}_on${pins})
endif()
if(ARGC GREATER 4 AND ARGV4 STREQUAL "ONE_WIRE")
if(NOT pins STREQUAL "")
set(_args SERIAL software RX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_RX})
else()
list(APPEND _args RX pb0 TX pb0)
endif()
set(_name ${_name}_1w)
endif()
else() else()
pureboot_baud_feasible(${hz} ${baud} 0 _ok) pureboot_baud_feasible(${hz} ${baud} 0 _ok)
set(_args USART ${link}) set(_args USART ${link})
if(ARGC GREATER 4 AND ARGV4 STREQUAL "HALF_DUPLEX")
list(APPEND _args HALF_DUPLEX)
set(_name ${_name}_hd)
endif()
endif() endif()
if(_ok) if(_ok)
pureboot_size_variant(pbm_${hz}_${baud}_${link} CLOCK ${hz} BAUD ${baud} ${_args}) pureboot_size_variant(${_name} CLOCK ${hz} BAUD ${baud} ${_args})
endif() endif()
endfunction() endfunction()
@@ -310,12 +418,19 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
if(DEFINED ENV{PUREBOOT_FULL_MATRIX}) if(DEFINED ENV{PUREBOOT_FULL_MATRIX})
foreach(_matrix_hz IN LISTS _full_clocks) foreach(_matrix_hz IN LISTS _full_clocks)
foreach(_matrix_baud IN LISTS _full_bauds) foreach(_matrix_baud IN LISTS _full_bauds)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software) pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software "")
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software "" ONE_WIRE)
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART) if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 0) pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 0)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 0 ONE_WIRE)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 0 "")
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 0 "" HALF_DUPLEX)
endif() endif()
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1) if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 1) pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 1)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 1 ONE_WIRE)
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 1 "")
pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 1 "" HALF_DUPLEX)
endif() endif()
endforeach() endforeach()
endforeach() endforeach()
@@ -334,11 +449,98 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
endforeach() endforeach()
list(GET _matrix_clocks -1 _matrix_top_hz) list(GET _matrix_clocks -1 _matrix_top_hz)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_wide CLOCK ${_matrix_top_hz} BAUD 9600 SERIAL software) pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_wide CLOCK ${_matrix_top_hz} BAUD 9600 SERIAL software)
# The pin axis at the widest software image — the slowest ladder rate
# against the fastest clock, whose bit spin needs the 16-bit delay
# loop — with the USART release on top of it. The exhaustive sweep
# above carries the same axis across its whole cross product.
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_wide_on_usart0 CLOCK ${_matrix_top_hz} BAUD 9600
SERIAL software RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_TX})
endif()
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_wide_on_usart1 CLOCK ${_matrix_top_hz} BAUD 9600
SERIAL software RX ${PUREBOOT_USART1_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART1_TX})
endif()
endif() endif()
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1) if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_usart1 USART 1) pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_usart1 USART 1)
endif() endif()
# The pin axis at its fixed points, in both matrix modes. The autobaud
# loader carries no clock and no baud, so the sweep has nothing to vary
# for it — yet it is the tightest image in the space, and on a USART's
# own pins it pays the release too: that combination is the one that
# overflowed the 1284's slot. The software build on those pins is the
# same deployment the mute test drives.
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_on_usart0 SERIAL software
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_TX})
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_autobaud_on_usart0 SERIAL autobaud
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_TX})
endif()
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_on_usart1 SERIAL software
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART1_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART1_TX})
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_autobaud_on_usart1 SERIAL autobaud
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART1_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART1_TX})
endif()
# The OSCCAL axis at its fixed points: the stock shape, and the tightest
# image in the space with the trim on top — the axis adds one register
# write, and these points hold both of its addressing encodings to every
# chip's budget.
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_osccal OSCCAL 0x9c)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_autobaud_osccal SERIAL autobaud OSCCAL 0x9c)
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0 SERIAL autobaud OSCCAL 0x9c
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_TX})
endif()
# The one-wire axis at its fixed points, in both matrix modes (the
# exhaustive sweep carries the same shapes across its cross product):
# the software link folded onto one pin, the tightest autobaud image
# likewise — on the default pin and on the USART's own RXD, whose
# release the now-driven shared pin needs where a receive-only link
# would not — and the hardware USART's half-duplex turn-around, stock
# and at the widest fixed-baud shape.
# The two spellings deliberately split across the two points: HALF_DUPLEX
# folds TX onto RX, RX == TX states the same thing directly.
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w SERIAL software RX pb0 HALF_DUPLEX)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal SERIAL autobaud OSCCAL 0x9c RX pb0 TX pb0)
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w_on_usart0 SERIAL software
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX})
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0 SERIAL autobaud OSCCAL 0x9c
RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX})
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_hd HALF_DUPLEX)
list(GET _matrix_clocks -1 _hd_top_hz)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_hd_wide CLOCK ${_hd_top_hz} BAUD 9600 HALF_DUPLEX)
endif()
if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_usart1_hd USART 1 HALF_DUPLEX)
endif()
# The trim byte, observed through the wire from the first prompt — one
# chip per OSCCAL addressing class: extended I/O on the 328P (data 0x66,
# an sts — DS40002061B §36), plain I/O on the 85 (data 0x51, an out —
# Atmel-2586 §21).
if(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^(atmega328p|attiny85)$" AND DEFINED PB_DEVICE)
if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
set(_osccal_addr 0x66)
else()
set(_osccal_addr 0x51)
endif()
get_target_property(_osccal_hz pureboot_osccal PUREBOOT_HZ)
get_target_property(_osccal_baud pureboot_osccal PUREBOOT_BAUD)
add_test(NAME pureboot.osccal
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbosccal.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_osccal> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU}
${_osccal_hz} ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_osccal_baud}
${_osccal_addr} 0x9c ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbosccal-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.osccal PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 120)
endif()
# One configured deployment end to end — a real board's shape rather # One configured deployment end to end — a real board's shape rather
# than the stock assumption: the ATmega328P on its shipped 1 MHz fuses, # than the stock assumption: the ATmega328P on its shipped 1 MHz fuses,
# the software UART on hand-picked pins (TX = PB1, RX = PB5), the ladder # the software UART on hand-picked pins (TX = PB1, RX = PB5), the ladder
@@ -367,6 +569,85 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.custom PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180) set_tests_properties(pureboot.custom PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
endif() endif()
# Hand-over with the USART that owns the loader's pins left enabled — the
# state an application reaches by jumping in without a reset, and the one
# that made a bit-banged loader on PD0/PD1 (where the Uno's USB bridge
# lands) receive and obey while answering nothing. Run where it was found
# on silicon; the runner supplies the pin ownership simavr has no model
# for, which is what lets this fail when the release is gone.
if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p" AND DEFINED PB_DEVICE)
get_target_property(_mute_hz pureboot_sw_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_HZ)
get_target_property(_mute_baud pureboot_sw_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_BAUD)
get_target_property(_mute_link pureboot_sw_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_LINK)
add_executable(pbapp_handover test/pbapp.cpp)
target_link_libraries(pbapp_handover PRIVATE libavr)
target_compile_definitions(pbapp_handover PRIVATE PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=${_mute_hz}
PUREBOOT_BAUD=${_mute_baud} PUREBOOT_HANDOVER)
add_custom_command(TARGET pbapp_handover POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_handover> $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_handover>.bin)
add_test(NAME pureboot.mute
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbmute.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_sw_on_usart0> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_mute_hz}
${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_mute_baud}
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_handover>.bin
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbmute-work ${_mute_link})
set_tests_properties(pureboot.mute PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
# The same hand-over against the one-wire deployment on that USART's
# RXD: RXEN forces the shared pin's direction, so a loader that only
# released the transmit-side hold would read the wire and answer into
# a pin it cannot drive. The host runs with the --one-wire echo
# discard, which the bridge's shared-line model feeds for real.
get_target_property(_mute1w_link pureboot_1w_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_LINK)
add_test(NAME pureboot.mute.onewire
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbmute.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_1w_on_usart0> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_mute_hz}
${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_mute_baud}
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_handover>.bin
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbmute-1w-work ${_mute1w_link})
set_tests_properties(pureboot.mute.onewire PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
# The full protocol suite over one shared pin: the loader folded onto
# PB0, the bridge following the pin's direction, the fixture
# bannering as a guest on the same line, and the host discarding its
# own echo throughout.
get_target_property(_1w_hz pureboot_1w PUREBOOT_HZ)
get_target_property(_1w_baud pureboot_1w PUREBOOT_BAUD)
get_target_property(_1w_link pureboot_1w PUREBOOT_LINK)
add_executable(pbapp_1w test/pbapp.cpp)
target_link_libraries(pbapp_1w PRIVATE libavr)
target_compile_definitions(pbapp_1w PRIVATE PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=${_1w_hz}
PUREBOOT_BAUD=${_1w_baud} PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL
PUREBOOT_RX=pb0 PUREBOOT_TX=pb0)
add_custom_command(TARGET pbapp_1w POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_1w> $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_1w>.bin)
add_test(NAME pureboot.onewire
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbtest.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_1w> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_1w_hz}
${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_1w_baud} ${PUREBOOT_EEPROM}
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_1w>.bin ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pb1w-work ${_1w_link})
set_tests_properties(pureboot.onewire PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
# The hardware USART's half-duplex turn-around, end to end: every
# reply byte runs drive-line, TXC-hold, release — against simavr's
# RXEN-gated receiver, which drops input to a disabled receiver the
# way silicon does. The pty is a two-wire transport, so the host
# needs no echo discard here; the off-chip tie itself is the
# hardware bench's item.
add_test(NAME pureboot.halfduplex
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbtest.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_hd> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_pb_stock_hz}
${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_pb_stock_baud} ${PUREBOOT_EEPROM}
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp>.bin ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbhd-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.halfduplex PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
endif()
# The second USART, driven for real on one chip: instance selection is # The second USART, driven for real on one chip: instance selection is
# compile-checked everywhere, but only a live session proves the loader # compile-checked everywhere, but only a live session proves the loader
# initialized and polls the USART it claims to. The fixture application # initialized and polls the USART it claims to. The fixture application
@@ -390,9 +671,9 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.usart1 PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180) set_tests_properties(pureboot.usart1 PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
endif() endif()
# The autobaud variants driven end to end over the software-UART bridge (both # The autobaud loader driven end to end over the software-UART bridge:
# under review — pureboot/autobaud.md): the host sends the 0xC0 calibration # the host sends the 0xC0 calibration pulse, the loader times it, locks,
# pulse, the loader times it, locks, and programs. Run on the near-flash 328P # and programs. Run on the near-flash 328P
# and the word-addressed 1284P — the two flash-addressing classes — and each # and the word-addressed 1284P — the two flash-addressing classes — and each
# at two clocks with the one binary, which is the clock-agnostic property # at two clocks with the one binary, which is the clock-agnostic property
# autobaud exists for (test/pbautobaud.py). The fixture application banners # autobaud exists for (test/pbautobaud.py). The fixture application banners
@@ -412,5 +693,44 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
1000000 9600 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py 1000000 9600 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbautobaud-work) ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbautobaud-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.autobaud PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 240) set_tests_properties(pureboot.autobaud PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 240)
# The tightest deployment in the space, end to end: the autobaud
# loader folded onto the USART's own RXD with the OSCCAL trim baked
# — one-wire calibration, the receive-side release, and the host's
# echo discard, over the same two-clock sweep. One chip carries it;
# the shape is chip-independent.
if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
get_target_property(_ab1w_link pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_LINK)
add_executable(pbapp_autobaud_1w test/pbapp.cpp)
target_link_libraries(pbapp_autobaud_1w PRIVATE libavr)
target_compile_definitions(pbapp_autobaud_1w PRIVATE PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=1000000
PUREBOOT_BAUD=9600 PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL
PUREBOOT_RX=pd0 PUREBOOT_TX=pd0)
add_custom_command(TARGET pbapp_autobaud_1w POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud_1w> $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud_1w>.bin)
add_test(NAME pureboot.autobaud.onewire
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbautobaud.py
${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0>
${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE}
$<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud_1w>.bin
1000000 9600 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbautobaud-1w-work ${_ab1w_link})
set_tests_properties(pureboot.autobaud.onewire PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 240)
endif()
# The autobaud window: the calibration poll budget, at the measured
# 10 cycles a poll (pbwindow.py pins the constant the README's
# seconds arithmetic uses; the budget itself is the clock-free knob).
add_test(NAME pureboot.window.autobaud
COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbwindow.py
--device ${PB_DEVICE} --loader $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_autobaud>
--mcu ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} --hz 1000000
--base ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} --page ${PUREBOOT_PAGE}
--baud 9600 --app $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud>.bin
--autobaud-polls 4000000 --link sw
--tool ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
--workdir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbwindow-autobaud-work)
set_tests_properties(pureboot.window.autobaud PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 300)
endif() endif()
endif() endif()

77
ide/README.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
# Atmel Studio
`master` carries `bootloader.atsln`, so this branch does too: `ide/bootloader.atsln`
builds the loaders from the same sources Ninja does, to a **byte-identical
`.text`** — 390 B for the 328P pureboot loader, 510 B for the `tsb_asm` tier in
its 512-byte section. CMake remains the build system; the solution is here so the
port opens in Studio as its predecessor did.
## The two projects, and why two
pureboot is a chip × backend × clock × baud matrix — `pureboot_add_loader()`
resolves a deployment into compile definitions — and a `.cppproj` is one binary
at one set of flags, so a project can only ever be one point of it. `pureboot`
is that point: the stock 328P deployment, USART0 at 115200 on a 16 MHz crystal,
an 8-second activation window. `tsb_asm` is the TinySafeBoot tier that occupies
the same 512-byte section `master`'s `tsb` project targeted.
The other three tsb tiers (`tsb_pure`, `tsb_tricks`, `tsb_policy`) are not here.
They differ from `tsb_asm` in their source file, their section size, and — for
`tsb_policy` — two loop flags; nothing about that is a Studio concern, and what
they exist to demonstrate is a size gradient only the CMake size tests measure.
Adding one is a copy of `tsb_asm/tsb_asm.cppproj` in its own directory, with its
name, its GUID, its source path and its `--section-start` changed (`0x7c00` for
the 1 KiB tiers), plus four lines in the solution.
`avrdevice` is a project property, so each project gets its own directory:
Studio builds into `<project dir>/<Configuration>` whatever `OutputDirectory`
says, and two projects sharing a directory would share one object file.
## Debug keeps `-Os`
Both configurations compile at `-Os`; Debug adds only `-gdwarf-4`. The `.text`
is therefore identical in both, which is the point — a loader's section is a
**correctness** bound and not a budget. `-Og` builds this same source to 590 B,
and linking it at `--section-start=.text=0x7e00` on a 32 KiB part puts 78 bytes
past flash end **without a diagnostic**: `rcall`/`rjmp` targets there wrap
modulo flash size, so the image dies right after activation. A debug
configuration that silently produces that is worse than none, and DWARF costs no
flash, so the optimisation level stays where correctness needs it.
## What Studio needs from the machine
libavr from the **submodule**, found at
`$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include` — correct by construction, and
anchored to the project because a plain relative path resolves against the
generated makefile's directory (the configuration's output directory), not the
project's. There is no `LIBAVR_ROOT` escape hatch: a variable exported in a
shell is invisible to Studio launched from the Start menu, and the failure reads
as a missing `libavr/libavr.hpp` — which is what the submodule answers.
A GCC 16.1 toolchain registered as flavour `avr-g++-16.1.0`, nothing older
reaching `-std=c++26`.
## Generating and gating
One generated file is required before a project will load at all, and one command
per project checks the flags have not drifted (both from libavr's
`tools/atmelstudio/`):
```sh
for name in pureboot tsb_asm; do
python libavr/tools/atmelstudio/componentinfo.py \
"ide/$name/$name.componentinfo.xml" --device ATmega328P
python libavr/tools/atmelstudio/check-flags.py \
--solution ide/bootloader.atsln --project "$name" --target "$name" \
--compile-commands build/atmega328p-generated/compile_commands.json \
--log "build/as-$name.log"
done
```
`--project` because one reference describes one binary; `--target` because
`pureboot.cpp` is compiled by every point of the size matrix and the flags
differ per point, so the basename alone does not name a reference. Release is
what the gate compares — the presets define no debug build, and Debug differs
from Release only in `-gdwarf-4`.
Legacy (the yazoalfa-era submodules) stays on `master`.

28
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
# Atmel Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00
VisualStudioVersion = 14.0.23107.0
MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
Project("{E66E83B9-2572-4076-B26E-6BE79FF3018A}") = "pureboot", "pureboot\pureboot.cppproj", "{99067222-32D5-49E3-B4F8-5ABA0F7722B7}"
EndProject
Project("{E66E83B9-2572-4076-B26E-6BE79FF3018A}") = "tsb_asm", "tsb_asm\tsb_asm.cppproj", "{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}"
EndProject
Global
GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
Debug|AVR = Debug|AVR
Release|AVR = Release|AVR
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
{99067222-32D5-49E3-B4F8-5ABA0F7722B7}.Debug|AVR.ActiveCfg = Debug|AVR
{99067222-32D5-49E3-B4F8-5ABA0F7722B7}.Debug|AVR.Build.0 = Debug|AVR
{99067222-32D5-49E3-B4F8-5ABA0F7722B7}.Release|AVR.ActiveCfg = Release|AVR
{99067222-32D5-49E3-B4F8-5ABA0F7722B7}.Release|AVR.Build.0 = Release|AVR
{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Debug|AVR.ActiveCfg = Debug|AVR
{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Debug|AVR.Build.0 = Debug|AVR
{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Release|AVR.ActiveCfg = Release|AVR
{6618D3BE-7EB3-49A2-9113-F128E396FF06}.Release|AVR.Build.0 = Release|AVR
EndGlobalSection
GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
HideSolutionNode = FALSE
EndGlobalSection
EndGlobal

118
ide/pureboot/pureboot.cppproj Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="14.0">
<PropertyGroup>
<SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
<ProjectVersion>7.0</ProjectVersion>
<ToolchainName>com.Atmel.AVRGCC8.CPP</ToolchainName>
<ProjectGuid>99067222-32d5-49e3-b4f8-5aba0f7722b7</ProjectGuid>
<avrdevice>ATmega328P</avrdevice>
<avrdeviceseries>none</avrdeviceseries>
<OutputType>Executable</OutputType>
<Language>CPP</Language>
<OutputFileName>$(MSBuildProjectName)</OutputFileName>
<OutputFileExtension>.elf</OutputFileExtension>
<OutputDirectory>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\$(Configuration)</OutputDirectory>
<AssemblyName>pureboot</AssemblyName>
<Name>pureboot</Name>
<RootNamespace>pureboot</RootNamespace>
<ToolchainFlavour>avr-g++-16.1.0</ToolchainFlavour>
<KeepTimersRunning>true</KeepTimersRunning>
<OverrideVtor>false</OverrideVtor>
<CacheFlash>true</CacheFlash>
<ProgFlashFromRam>true</ProgFlashFromRam>
<RamSnippetAddress>0x20000000</RamSnippetAddress>
<UncachedRange />
<preserveEEPROM>true</preserveEEPROM>
<OverrideVtorValue>exception_table</OverrideVtorValue>
<BootSegment>2</BootSegment>
<ResetRule>0</ResetRule>
<eraseonlaunchrule>0</eraseonlaunchrule>
<EraseKey />
<AsfFrameworkConfig>
<framework-data xmlns="">
<options />
<configurations />
<files />
<documentation help="" />
<offline-documentation help="" />
<dependencies>
<content-extension eid="atmel.asf" uuidref="Atmel.ASF" version="3.52.0" />
</dependencies>
</framework-data>
</AsfFrameworkConfig>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">
<ToolchainSettings>
<AvrGccCpp>
<avrgcc.common.Device>-mmcu=atmega328p</avrgcc.common.Device>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>False</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<ListValues>
<Value>NDEBUG</Value>
<Value>PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=16000000</Value>
<Value>PUREBOOT_BAUD=115200</Value>
<Value>PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT=8</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<ListValues>
<Value>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>Optimize for size (-Os)</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>-std=c++26 -Wextra -Werror -mrelax -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-ivopts -fira-algorithm=priority -fno-tree-ter -fno-split-wide-types</avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>
<avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>True</avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>
<avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>-mrelax -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=0x7e00 -Wl,--defsym=pureboot_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k</avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>
</AvrGccCpp>
</ToolchainSettings>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
<ToolchainSettings>
<AvrGccCpp>
<avrgcc.common.Device>-mmcu=atmega328p</avrgcc.common.Device>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>False</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<ListValues>
<Value>DEBUG</Value>
<Value>PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=16000000</Value>
<Value>PUREBOOT_BAUD=115200</Value>
<Value>PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT=8</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<ListValues>
<Value>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>Optimize for size (-Os)</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>-std=c++26 -Wextra -Werror -mrelax -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-threadsafe-statics -fno-ivopts -fira-algorithm=priority -fno-tree-ter -fno-split-wide-types -gdwarf-4</avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>
<avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>True</avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>
<avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>-mrelax -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=0x7e00 -Wl,--defsym=pureboot_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k</avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>
</AvrGccCpp>
</ToolchainSettings>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Include="..\..\pureboot\pureboot.cpp">
<SubType>compile</SubType>
<Link>pureboot\pureboot.cpp</Link>
</Compile>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Folder Include="pureboot" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(AVRSTUDIO_EXE_PATH)\Vs\Compiler.targets" />
</Project>

112
ide/tsb_asm/tsb_asm.cppproj Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="14.0">
<PropertyGroup>
<SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
<ProjectVersion>7.0</ProjectVersion>
<ToolchainName>com.Atmel.AVRGCC8.CPP</ToolchainName>
<ProjectGuid>6618d3be-7eb3-49a2-9113-f128e396ff06</ProjectGuid>
<avrdevice>ATmega328P</avrdevice>
<avrdeviceseries>none</avrdeviceseries>
<OutputType>Executable</OutputType>
<Language>CPP</Language>
<OutputFileName>$(MSBuildProjectName)</OutputFileName>
<OutputFileExtension>.elf</OutputFileExtension>
<OutputDirectory>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\$(Configuration)</OutputDirectory>
<AssemblyName>tsb_asm</AssemblyName>
<Name>tsb_asm</Name>
<RootNamespace>tsb_asm</RootNamespace>
<ToolchainFlavour>avr-g++-16.1.0</ToolchainFlavour>
<KeepTimersRunning>true</KeepTimersRunning>
<OverrideVtor>false</OverrideVtor>
<CacheFlash>true</CacheFlash>
<ProgFlashFromRam>true</ProgFlashFromRam>
<RamSnippetAddress>0x20000000</RamSnippetAddress>
<UncachedRange />
<preserveEEPROM>true</preserveEEPROM>
<OverrideVtorValue>exception_table</OverrideVtorValue>
<BootSegment>2</BootSegment>
<ResetRule>0</ResetRule>
<eraseonlaunchrule>0</eraseonlaunchrule>
<EraseKey />
<AsfFrameworkConfig>
<framework-data xmlns="">
<options />
<configurations />
<files />
<documentation help="" />
<offline-documentation help="" />
<dependencies>
<content-extension eid="atmel.asf" uuidref="Atmel.ASF" version="3.52.0" />
</dependencies>
</framework-data>
</AsfFrameworkConfig>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Release' ">
<ToolchainSettings>
<AvrGccCpp>
<avrgcc.common.Device>-mmcu=atmega328p</avrgcc.common.Device>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>False</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<ListValues>
<Value>NDEBUG</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<ListValues>
<Value>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>Optimize for size (-Os)</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>-std=c++26 -Wextra -Werror -mrelax -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-threadsafe-statics</avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>
<avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>True</avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>
<avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>-mrelax -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=0x7e00 -Wl,--defsym=tsb_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k</avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>
</AvrGccCpp>
</ToolchainSettings>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == 'Debug' ">
<ToolchainSettings>
<AvrGccCpp>
<avrgcc.common.Device>-mmcu=atmega328p</avrgcc.common.Device>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.hex>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.lss>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.eep>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>True</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.srec>
<avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>False</avrgcc.common.outputfiles.usersignatures>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<ListValues>
<Value>DEBUG</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.symbols.DefSymbols>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<ListValues>
<Value>$(MSBuildProjectDirectory)\..\..\libavr\include</Value>
</ListValues>
</avrgcccpp.compiler.directories.IncludePaths>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>Optimize for size (-Os)</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.level>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareFunctionsForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.optimization.PrepareDataForGarbageCollection>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>True</avrgcccpp.compiler.warnings.AllWarnings>
<avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>-std=c++26 -Wextra -Werror -mrelax -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti -fno-threadsafe-statics -gdwarf-4</avrgcccpp.compiler.miscellaneous.OtherFlags>
<avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>True</avrgcccpp.linker.optimization.GarbageCollectUnusedSections>
<avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>-mrelax -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=0x7e00 -Wl,--defsym=tsb_app=0 -Wl,--pmem-wrap-around=32k</avrgcccpp.linker.miscellaneous.LinkerFlags>
</AvrGccCpp>
</ToolchainSettings>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Compile Include="..\..\tsb\tsb_asm.cpp">
<SubType>compile</SubType>
<Link>tsb\tsb_asm.cpp</Link>
</Compile>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<Folder Include="tsb" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(AVRSTUDIO_EXE_PATH)\Vs\Compiler.targets" />
</Project>

2
libavr

Submodule libavr updated: 6cfc7a8eee...b719ed74d8

117
pureboot/CMakeLists.txt
View File

@@ -116,6 +116,17 @@ else()
math(EXPR _pb_limit "${_pb_slot} - 2") math(EXPR _pb_limit "${_pb_slot} - 2")
endif() endif()
# The pins each USART owns. A bit-banged link deployed on them has to release
# that USART before it can drive the line, and those instructions are the one
# way the choice of pins moves the image — so a size matrix needs them as an
# axis even though pins are otherwise immediate operands. Uniform across every
# mega libavr covers: USART0 (the classics' un-numbered USART included) on
# PD0/PD1, USART1 on PD2/PD3.
set(_pb_usart0_rx pd0)
set(_pb_usart0_tx pd1)
set(_pb_usart1_rx pd2)
set(_pb_usart1_tx pd3)
# simavr names its cores after the base dies; the A revisions run on them # simavr names its cores after the base dies; the A revisions run on them
# (the 644PA on the 644P core). # (the 644PA on the 644P core).
set(_pb_sim_mcu ${LIBAVR_MCU}) set(_pb_sim_mcu ${LIBAVR_MCU})
@@ -125,6 +136,28 @@ elseif(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega644pa")
set(_pb_sim_mcu atmega644p) set(_pb_sim_mcu atmega644p)
endif() endif()
# Where SRAM begins: the classic megas keep it right after the plain I/O
# registers, the x8/x4 generations push it past their extended I/O file, and
# the tinies match the classics. An autobaud loader keeps its measured unit
# in GPIOR2:GPIOR1 wherever the chip has the pair (data 0x32 on the
# t25/45/85, 0x4A from the x8 generation on) and as the first RAM object at
# SRAM start where it does not (the t13s and classic megas). The host reads
# whichever home applies (pureboot.py's geometry), and the unit-position
# test holds the image to the same split.
if(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^atmega(8|16|32)a?$")
set(_pb_ram 0x60)
set(_pb_unit_gpior "")
elseif(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^atmega")
set(_pb_ram 0x100)
set(_pb_unit_gpior 0x4A)
elseif(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^attiny13")
set(_pb_ram 0x60)
set(_pb_unit_gpior "")
else()
set(_pb_ram 0x60)
set(_pb_unit_gpior 0x32)
endif()
# The function runs in its caller's scope, so everything it needs crosses # The function runs in its caller's scope, so everything it needs crosses
# scopes as global properties. # scopes as global properties.
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX ${_pb_base_hex}) set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX ${_pb_base_hex})
@@ -133,6 +166,10 @@ set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_WRAP "${_pb_wrap}")
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_DEFAULT_HZ ${_pb_hz}) set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_DEFAULT_HZ ${_pb_hz})
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_HAS_USART ${_pb_has_usart}) set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_HAS_USART ${_pb_has_usart})
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1 ${_pb_has_usart1}) set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1 ${_pb_has_usart1})
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_RX ${_pb_usart0_rx})
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_TX ${_pb_usart0_tx})
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_RX ${_pb_usart1_rx})
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_TX ${_pb_usart1_tx})
# The port's own build (tests, the size matrix) reads the geometry from the # The port's own build (tests, the size matrix) reads the geometry from the
# parent scope; a downstream consumer gets the same variables for free. # parent scope; a downstream consumer gets the same variables for free.
@@ -142,9 +179,15 @@ set(PUREBOOT_SLOT ${_pb_slot} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_LIMIT ${_pb_limit} PARENT_SCOPE) set(PUREBOOT_LIMIT ${_pb_limit} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_EEPROM ${_pb_eeprom} PARENT_SCOPE) set(PUREBOOT_EEPROM ${_pb_eeprom} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_DEFAULT_HZ ${_pb_hz} PARENT_SCOPE) set(PUREBOOT_DEFAULT_HZ ${_pb_hz} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_RAM_START ${_pb_ram} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_UNIT_GPIOR "${_pb_unit_gpior}" PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART ${_pb_has_usart} PARENT_SCOPE) set(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART ${_pb_has_usart} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1 ${_pb_has_usart1} PARENT_SCOPE) set(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1 ${_pb_has_usart1} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU ${_pb_sim_mcu} PARENT_SCOPE) set(PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU ${_pb_sim_mcu} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_USART0_RX ${_pb_usart0_rx} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_USART0_TX ${_pb_usart0_tx} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_USART1_RX ${_pb_usart1_rx} PARENT_SCOPE)
set(PUREBOOT_USART1_TX ${_pb_usart1_tx} PARENT_SCOPE)
# The rates a default may pick, fastest first. # The rates a default may pick, fastest first.
set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_BAUD_LADDER 115200 57600 38400 19200 9600) set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_BAUD_LADDER 115200 57600 38400 19200 9600)
@@ -195,20 +238,34 @@ endfunction()
# pureboot_add_loader(<name> [CLOCK <hz>] [BAUD <bd>] # pureboot_add_loader(<name> [CLOCK <hz>] [BAUD <bd>]
# [SERIAL auto|hardware|software|autobaud] [USART <n>] # [SERIAL auto|hardware|software|autobaud] [USART <n>]
# [RX <pin>] [TX <pin>] [TIMEOUT <s>]) # [RX <pin>] [TX <pin>] [TIMEOUT <s>] [OSCCAL <byte>]
# [HALF_DUPLEX])
# #
# The loader target plus its flashable images (<name>.hex for a programmer, # The loader target plus its flashable images (<name>.hex for a programmer,
# <name>.bin for --update-loader). The resolved deployment is stamped on the # <name>.bin for --update-loader). The resolved deployment is stamped on the
# target as PUREBOOT_HZ / PUREBOOT_BAUD / PUREBOOT_LINK (the link spelled # target as PUREBOOT_HZ / PUREBOOT_BAUD / PUREBOOT_LINK (the link spelled
# usart0, usart1 or sw:<RX>,<TX>) — what a test harness speaks to it with. # usart0, usart1, or sw:<RX>,<TX> with a trailing @<n> where those pins are a
# USART's own) — what a test harness speaks to it with.
#
# HALF_DUPLEX is the one-wire deployment, per backend: on the hardware USART
# it enables the library's .half_duplex turn-around (RXD and TXD tied
# together off-chip); on a software or autobaud link it puts both directions
# on the RX pin — the same thing RX == TX spells directly.
# #
# SERIAL autobaud measures the host's bit timing at run time, so the image # SERIAL autobaud measures the host's bit timing at run time, so the image
# carries no clock and no baud: CLOCK and BAUD are not build parameters there, # carries no clock and no baud: CLOCK and BAUD are not build parameters there,
# and one binary per chip serves every F_CPU and every rate. The stamped # and one binary per chip serves every F_CPU and every rate. The stamped
# PUREBOOT_HZ/PUREBOOT_BAUD then record what a harness should *drive* it at, # PUREBOOT_HZ/PUREBOOT_BAUD then record what a harness should *drive* it at,
# not what it was built for. # not what it was built for.
#
# OSCCAL bakes a measured oscillator trim into the loader (README.md: the
# RC-oscillator deployment answer): the byte is written at the top of run(),
# so every reset path — the watchdog hand-over included — runs on the
# corrected clock. Orthogonal to the backend: an autobaud build may carry it
# purely for the application's benefit, its own link being clock-free. No
# value, no code.
function(pureboot_add_loader name) function(pureboot_add_loader name)
cmake_parse_arguments(PB "" "CLOCK;BAUD;SERIAL;USART;RX;TX;TIMEOUT" "" ${ARGN}) cmake_parse_arguments(PB "HALF_DUPLEX" "CLOCK;BAUD;SERIAL;USART;RX;TX;TIMEOUT;OSCCAL" "" ${ARGN})
if(PB_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS) if(PB_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS)
message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): unknown arguments ${PB_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS}") message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): unknown arguments ${PB_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS}")
endif() endif()
@@ -245,6 +302,9 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): ${LIBAVR_MCU} has no hardware USART") message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): ${LIBAVR_MCU} has no hardware USART")
endif() endif()
set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_USART=${PB_USART}) set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_USART=${PB_USART})
if(PB_HALF_DUPLEX)
list(APPEND _serial_defines PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX)
endif()
set(_link usart${PB_USART}) set(_link usart${PB_USART})
else() else()
if(PB_SERIAL STREQUAL "auto") if(PB_SERIAL STREQUAL "auto")
@@ -254,6 +314,9 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
endif() endif()
if(_usart) if(_usart)
set(_link usart0) set(_link usart0)
if(PB_HALF_DUPLEX)
set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX)
endif()
else() else()
set(PB_SERIAL software) set(PB_SERIAL software)
endif() endif()
@@ -262,6 +325,15 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
if(NOT PB_RX) if(NOT PB_RX)
set(PB_RX pb0) set(PB_RX pb0)
endif() endif()
if(PB_HALF_DUPLEX)
# One-wire: both directions on the RX pin. RX == TX spells
# the same deployment directly.
if(PB_TX AND NOT PB_TX STREQUAL PB_RX)
message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): HALF_DUPLEX puts both "
"directions on RX (${PB_RX}); TX ${PB_TX} contradicts it")
endif()
set(PB_TX ${PB_RX})
endif()
if(NOT PB_TX) if(NOT PB_TX)
set(PB_TX pb1) set(PB_TX pb1)
endif() endif()
@@ -275,11 +347,30 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
else() else()
set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL PUREBOOT_RX=${PB_RX} PUREBOOT_TX=${PB_TX}) set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL PUREBOOT_RX=${PB_RX} PUREBOOT_TX=${PB_TX})
endif() endif()
# sw:<RX>,<TX> as port letter and bit, upcased. # sw:<RX>,<TX> as port letter and bit, upcased — with @<n> where
# the TX pin is a USART's own TXD, since a harness driving that
# link has to know the USART owns the pin until the loader
# releases it.
string(SUBSTRING ${PB_RX} 1 2 _rx_pin) string(SUBSTRING ${PB_RX} 1 2 _rx_pin)
string(SUBSTRING ${PB_TX} 1 2 _tx_pin) string(SUBSTRING ${PB_TX} 1 2 _tx_pin)
string(TOUPPER "sw:${_rx_pin},${_tx_pin}" _link) string(TOUPPER "sw:${_rx_pin},${_tx_pin}" _link)
string(REPLACE "SW" "sw" _link ${_link}) string(REPLACE "SW" "sw" _link ${_link})
get_property(_tx0 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_TX)
get_property(_tx1 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_TX)
get_property(_rx0 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_RX)
get_property(_rx1 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_RX)
if(_usart AND PB_TX STREQUAL _tx0)
set(_link "${_link}@0")
elseif(_usart1 AND PB_TX STREQUAL _tx1)
set(_link "${_link}@1")
elseif(PB_TX STREQUAL PB_RX AND _usart AND PB_RX STREQUAL _rx0)
# One-wire on a USART's RXD: RXEN forces that pin's direction
# (§20.7.3), so the driven shared pin is held exactly like a
# TXD — the harness models the hold either way.
set(_link "${_link}@0")
elseif(PB_TX STREQUAL PB_RX AND _usart1 AND PB_RX STREQUAL _rx1)
set(_link "${_link}@1")
endif()
endif() endif()
endif() endif()
if(NOT PB_BAUD) if(NOT PB_BAUD)
@@ -297,6 +388,13 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
set(_defines PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=${PB_CLOCK} PUREBOOT_BAUD=${PB_BAUD} PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT=${PB_TIMEOUT} set(_defines PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=${PB_CLOCK} PUREBOOT_BAUD=${PB_BAUD} PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT=${PB_TIMEOUT}
${_serial_defines}) ${_serial_defines})
endif() endif()
if(DEFINED PB_OSCCAL)
math(EXPR _osccal "${PB_OSCCAL}" OUTPUT_FORMAT DECIMAL)
if(_osccal LESS 0 OR _osccal GREATER 255)
message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): OSCCAL ${PB_OSCCAL} is not one byte")
endif()
list(APPEND _defines PUREBOOT_OSCCAL=${_osccal})
endif()
add_executable(${name} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_FUNCTION_LIST_DIR}/pureboot.cpp) add_executable(${name} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_FUNCTION_LIST_DIR}/pureboot.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${name} PRIVATE libavr) target_link_libraries(${name} PRIVATE libavr)
@@ -310,9 +408,18 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
# load-immediate it saves. The set is fitted to the loader's body and has to # load-immediate it saves. The set is fitted to the loader's body and has to
# be re-measured when that body changes: -fno-move-loop-invariants belonged # be re-measured when that body changes: -fno-move-loop-invariants belonged
# here while the command loop carried four transfer bodies and costs bytes # here while the command loop carried four transfer bodies and costs bytes
# now that it carries one. # now that it carries one, and -fno-ivopts is fitted per backend — an
# autobaud body needs ivopts to keep the calibration countdown a single
# induction variable (without it the counter is duplicated and the
# measurement loop runs 9 cycles instead of its contracted 7), while the
# fixed-baud bodies still measure smaller with it off.
if(PB_SERIAL STREQUAL "autobaud")
target_compile_options(${name} PRIVATE
-fira-algorithm=priority -fno-tree-ter -fno-split-wide-types)
else()
target_compile_options(${name} PRIVATE target_compile_options(${name} PRIVATE
-fno-ivopts -fira-algorithm=priority -fno-tree-ter -fno-split-wide-types) -fno-ivopts -fira-algorithm=priority -fno-tree-ter -fno-split-wide-types)
endif()
target_link_options(${name} PRIVATE -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=${_base_hex} target_link_options(${name} PRIVATE -nostartfiles -Wl,--section-start=.text=${_base_hex}
-Wl,--defsym=pureboot_app=${_app} ${_wrap}) -Wl,--defsym=pureboot_app=${_app} ${_wrap})
add_custom_command(TARGET ${name} POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_SIZE} $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>) add_custom_command(TARGET ${name} POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_SIZE} $<TARGET_FILE:${name}>)

538
pureboot/README.md
View File

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
A serial bootloader on [libavr](https://git.blackmark.me/avr/libavr), pure by A serial bootloader on [libavr](https://git.blackmark.me/avr/libavr), pure by
constraint: one C++ source, no inline assembly, no global register variables constraint: one C++ source, no inline assembly, no global register variables
(attributes and compiler flags allowed), **512 bytes on every chip libavr (attributes and compiler flags allowed), **a 512-byte slot on every chip
targets — all 37**. The device speaks primitives; every composite — verify, libavr targets — all 37**. The device speaks primitives; every composite — verify,
erase, reset-vector surgery, updating the loader itself — lives in the host erase, reset-vector surgery, updating the loader itself — lives in the host
tool (`pureboot.py`). tool (`pureboot.py`).
The image is **position-independent**: control flow is PC-relative, the The image is **position-independent**: control flow is PC-relative, the
transfer paths take wire addresses, the write guard protects the slot the code transfer paths take wire addresses, nothing is flash-resident to address at
is *running* in (from the runtime return address), nothing else is all, and the application jump is an indirect call to an absolute entry. It does
flash-resident to address at all, and the application jump is an indirect call not know which slot it occupies and does not need to. The identical binary
to an absolute entry. The identical binary therefore runs from any slot with therefore runs from any slot with
every command intact, which makes pureboot **its own staging loader**: the host every command intact, which makes pureboot **its own staging loader**: the host
installs the same binary one slot below the resident, jumps into it, and lets installs the same binary one slot below the resident, jumps into it, and lets
it rewrite the resident. The lint holds it to that literally — the image must it rewrite the resident. The lint holds it to that literally — the image must
@@ -19,40 +19,50 @@ come out byte-identical linked at a different base.
## Chips ## Chips
Sizes are the default configuration: the hardware USART0 at 115200 8N1 on a The Stock column is the default configuration: the hardware USART0 at 115200
16 MHz crystal, or the software UART on RX = PB0 / TX = PB1 at 57600 8N1 on 8N1 on a 16 MHz crystal, or the software UART on RX = PB0 / TX = PB1 at
the tinies' RC oscillator (9.6 MHz on the t13s, 8 MHz above). Every axis moves 57600 8N1 on the tinies' RC oscillator (9.6 MHz on the t13s, 8 MHz above).
per build — see *Configuration*. The autobaud column is the clock-free build, Every axis moves per build — see *Configuration*. The Autobaud column is the
which is the largest the space produces and the tightest fit in the matrix; worst configuration the space produces for the chip: the clock-free build —
it carries the calibration machinery and no clock at all. it alone carries the calibration machinery — with the `OSCCAL` trim baked
and, where the chip has a USART, the link deployed on that USART's own pins,
which the loader then has to release (*Pin ownership*). Folding the same
build onto a single pin (*One-wire*) measures identically on every chip, so
the column covers that twin too. On default pins without the trim the same
loaders run 4–10 B smaller.
| Chip | Flash | Loader at | Link | Stock | Autobaud | | Chip | Flash | Loader at | Link | Stock | Autobaud |
|---|---|---|---|---|---| |---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATtiny13, ATtiny13A † | 1 KiB | 0x0200 | software | 402 B | 472 B | | ATtiny13, ATtiny13A † | 1 KiB | 0x0200 | software | 372 B | 460 B |
| ATtiny25 † | 2 KiB | 0x0600 | software | 406 B | 476 B | | ATtiny25 † | 2 KiB | 0x0600 | software | 376 B | 452 B |
| ATtiny45 † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | software | 410 B | 480 B | | ATtiny45 † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | software | 376 B | 452 B |
| ATtiny85 † | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | software | 410 B | 480 B | | ATtiny85 † | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | software | 376 B | 452 B |
| ATmega8, 8A | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 372 B | 486 B | | ATmega8, 8A | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 350 B | 480 B |
| ATmega16, 16A | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 374 B | 490 B | | ATmega16, 16A | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 352 B | 484 B |
| ATmega32, 32A | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 374 B | 490 B | | ATmega32, 32A | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 352 B | 484 B |
| ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | USART0 | 400 B | 476 B | | ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | USART0 | 366 B | 454 B |
| ATmega88, 88A, 88P, 88PA | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 410 B | 486 B | | ATmega88, 88A, 88P, 88PA | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 376 B | 464 B |
| ATmega168, 168A, 168P, 168PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 412 B | 490 B | | ATmega168, 168A, 168P, 168PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
| ATmega328, 328P | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 412 B | 490 B | | ATmega328, 328P | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
| ATmega164A, 164P, 164PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 412 B | 490 B | | ATmega164A, 164P, 164PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
| ATmega324A, 324P, 324PA | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 412 B | 490 B | | ATmega324A, 324P, 324PA | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
| ATmega644, 644A, 644P, 644PA | 64 KiB | 0xfe00 | USART0 | 406 B | 484 B | | ATmega644, 644A, 644P, 644PA | 64 KiB | 0xfe00 | USART0 | 372 B | 462 B |
| ATmega1284, 1284P | 128 KiB | 0x1fe00 | USART0 | 432 B | 510 B | | ATmega1284, 1284P | 128 KiB | 0x1fe00 | USART0 | 390 B | 480 B |
† No hardware boot section: the host patches the reset vector, and the budget † No hardware boot section: the host patches the reset vector, and an image's
is 510 bytes, since the slot's last word is the trampoline. budget is 510 bytes. The last word of the **lower** slot belongs to the host —
it is the trampoline holding the application's relocated reset vector, and it
is a staging copy's own last word during a self-update — so an image must fit
below it. The resident loader has all 512 bytes of the slot it runs in; 510 is
what an image must fit so that a copy of it staged one slot down leaves that
word alone.
The tightest fit in the whole space is the 1284s' autobaud build, 510 of its The tightest fit in the whole space is therefore the 1284s' 480 of their
512 — they alone carry the far-flash machinery (ELPM reads, RAMPZ page 512: they alone carry the far-flash machinery (ELPM reads, RAMPZ page
commands) and autobaud alone carries the calibration loop. Everything else has commands) on top of everything the column already stacks. The flash bank
20 B of headroom or more. The flash bank riding in a transfer's selector byte riding in a transfer's selector byte keeps even those chips' addressing the
keeps even those chips' addressing the same 16-bit form every other chip uses, same 16-bit form every other chip uses, which is why they are no longer the
which is why they are no longer the outlier they were. outlier they were.
The software UART enables the RX pull-up; TX idles high. All multi-byte wire The software UART enables the RX pull-up; TX idles high. All multi-byte wire
quantities are little-endian. quantities are little-endian.
@@ -71,6 +81,8 @@ repo's build and by a downstream project alike:
| `USART <n>` | the USART instance (x4 megas carry two) | 0 | | `USART <n>` | the USART instance (x4 megas carry two) | 0 |
| `RX <pin>`, `TX <pin>` | software-UART pins | `pb0`, `pb1` | | `RX <pin>`, `TX <pin>` | software-UART pins | `pb0`, `pb1` |
| `TIMEOUT <s>` | the activation window | 8 | | `TIMEOUT <s>` | the activation window | 8 |
| `OSCCAL <byte>` | a measured oscillator trim, applied before anything runs | none — no value, no code |
| `HALF_DUPLEX` | one-wire: both directions on one line (*One-wire* below) | off |
The default baud is the fastest of 115200/57600/38400/19200/9600 the clock The default baud is the fastest of 115200/57600/38400/19200/9600 the clock
reaches within 2.5 % — the same U2X-included divisor search libavr's baud reaches within 2.5 % — the same U2X-included divisor search libavr's baud
@@ -79,6 +91,14 @@ receiver's 100-cycles-a-bit floor. Whatever is picked or overridden is
re-checked in the compile: an infeasible combination, or a USART the chip does re-checked in the compile: an infeasible combination, or a USART the chip does
not have, fails with a named static assert. not have, fails with a named static assert.
Putting a bit-banged link on a USART's own pins is a supported deployment, and
the usual one where a board's USB bridge is wired to RXD/TXD: the link's `init`
clears that USART's `UCSRnB` first, because while its `TXEN` is set the USART —
not the port register — owns the TX pin, and a loader entered from an
application that left it enabled would receive and obey while answering nothing
(§20.6.3). It costs one store — four bytes on the extended-I/O chips, two on
the classic megas — and only on those pins.
`SERIAL autobaud` takes neither: the loader **measures** the host's bit timing `SERIAL autobaud` takes neither: the loader **measures** the host's bit timing
at run time, so `CLOCK` and `BAUD` are not build parameters there and one at run time, so `CLOCK` and `BAUD` are not build parameters there and one
binary per chip serves every clock and every rate. It is for the deployments binary per chip serves every clock and every rate. It is for the deployments
@@ -88,17 +108,79 @@ where a fixed-baud software build has to be rebuilt per clock and still drifts
out of tolerance. The cost is that it is software-serial only (a hardware USART out of tolerance. The cost is that it is software-serial only (a hardware USART
needs its divisor programmed) and that activation counts poll iterations rather needs its divisor programmed) and that activation counts poll iterations rather
than seconds, since there is no clock to convert them against than seconds, since there is no clock to convert them against
(`PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS`, default 4,000,000). (`PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS`, default 4,000,000). The wait spends nine cycles a
poll (measured, and held by the `pureboot.window.autobaud` gate), so the
default window is 36 M cycles: 4.5 s at 8 MHz, 3.75 s at 9.6 MHz, 36 s at
1 MHz.
**Pick the rate by cycles a bit, and leave the oscillator room.** What the
calibration can measure is bounded by how many clock cycles one bit lasts, so a
rate is only ever sensible relative to the clock. Two different floors matter:
| | cycles a bit |
|---|---|
| the logic's floor — exact clock, simulated | solid to ~36, fails outright by ~31 (`pureboot.autobaud` gates a point here) |
| a factory-trimmed internal RC, measured on an ATtiny13A | reliable at ~118; already locking 1 attempt in 5 by ~59 |
The gap is the oscillator's own jitter, and no exact-clock simulation shows it.
So on an RC part, **budget about 100 cycles a bit** — the same order as the
fixed-baud software receiver's floor — rather than the logic's ~36. Measured
envelope on that ATtiny13A, with an application resident: 9.6 and 4.8 MHz reach
115200, 1.2 MHz reaches 9600, 600 kHz reaches 4800, 128 kHz reaches 2400.
One trap in testing this: on a patched-vector chip an **erased** application
region walks straight back up into the loader, so every expired window opens
another one and the host's retries eventually catch the pulse. That reads as far
more reliable than the same part with an application resident, which gets one
window per reset. Measure with an application in place.
## One-wire
`HALF_DUPLEX` puts both directions on one line — the deployment for a board
with a single spare pin, or a native-UART bootloader's shared-line wiring.
Each backend has its shape:
- **Software and autobaud links** fold onto the RX pin (`RX == TX` spells
the same deployment directly). The pin idles as the receiver's pull-up
input; each transmitted frame takes the pin's direction and hands it back
with the stop bit's level already on the pull-up, so neither flip makes
an edge. This costs nothing: the frame's direction wrap is exactly what
the dropped second-pin init paid, and the tightest image in the space —
the 1284s' autobaud + `OSCCAL` on their USART's RXD — measures the same
502 bytes one-wire as two-wire. On a USART's own pin the release applies
as ever, RXD included: `RXEN` forces that pin's direction (§20.7.3),
which a receive-only link could live with and a driven shared pin cannot.
- **The hardware USART** (`SERIAL hardware`/`auto` + `HALF_DUPLEX`) uses
libavr's `.half_duplex` turn-around — exactly one direction enabled at a
time, each written byte held to transmit-complete before the line can be
released — and needs RXD and TXD tied together off-chip. It costs
+42…50 B over the stock loader (m8 404, m328P 440, 1284P 460 — all far
inside the slot); the activation window is unchanged, its poll merely
runs through the release-line test (18 cycles a poll in bit-addressable
I/O, 22 in extended — measured, and held per chip by
`pureboot.window.halfduplex`).
Host wiring, for an FTDI-style adapter: **adapter TX through ~1 kΩ to the
line, adapter RX and the MCU pin directly on it.** The resistor lets the MCU
win the line while it answers; the price is that the adapter reads back every
byte it transmits. `pureboot.py --one-wire` consumes that echo byte for byte
— a missing echo is reported as the wiring fault it is, and a device reply
that lands between the echoes of the knock (a loader already in session
re-prompts mid-knock) is held for the reader. The knock is the protocol's
one blind multi-byte write, so on real wiring its second byte can be lost to
that collision outright; the tool's knock retries absorb it. Everything else
is ack-paced and cannot collide.
A downstream project brings its usual libavr setup (the `libavr` target, the A downstream project brings its usual libavr setup (the `libavr` target, the
chip via the `LIBAVR_MCU` toolchain preset), consumes this directory, and chip via the `LIBAVR_MCU` toolchain preset), consumes this directory, and
states its deployment — an ATmega328P on its shipped 1 MHz fuses with the states its deployment — an ATmega328P on its shipped 1 MHz fuses with the
software UART on hand-picked pins, say: software UART on hand-picked pins, say. A submodule pins the loader version
(the tags name them; this repo pins its own libavr the same way), where
FetchContent tracks whatever `main` is:
```cmake ```cmake
FetchContent_Declare(bootloader GIT_REPOSITORY git@git.blackmark.me:avr/bootloader.git GIT_TAG main) # git submodule add <forge>/avr/bootloader.git bootloader — or FetchContent
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(bootloader) add_subdirectory(bootloader/pureboot pureboot)
add_subdirectory(${bootloader_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot pureboot)
pureboot_add_loader(myboot CLOCK 1000000 SERIAL software TX pb1 RX pb5) pureboot_add_loader(myboot CLOCK 1000000 SERIAL software TX pb1 RX pb5)
``` ```
@@ -144,18 +226,79 @@ Re-timing a deployed loader is a self-update with a re-timed build. An autobaud
build counts poll iterations instead (`PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS`), there being build counts poll iterations instead (`PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS`), there being
no clock to turn into seconds. no clock to turn into seconds.
### Entering from a running application
A window opens at a reset and nowhere else, which assumes a reset edge exists —
a button, or DTR wired to it. On a board with neither, the way in has to come
from the application, by jumping to the loader base.
Deciding *when* to jump is the application's business and deliberately not
pureboot's: a console command, a held pin, a magic byte, an idle timeout — each
board's answer differs, and none of them belongs in a 512-byte loader. pureboot
offers no knock detector and no consumable header for this. What follows is the
handful of non-obvious mechanics.
Give the linker the base as a symbol rather than casting a literal to a
function pointer, so the address is stated once and in the same units the
loader is linked at:
```cmake
target_link_options(app PRIVATE "LINKER:--defsym=pureboot_loader=0x7e00")
```
```cpp
extern "C" [[noreturn]] void pureboot_loader();
// ... then, with interrupts off and the watchdog disabled:
pureboot_loader();
```
That is the whole jump: an ordinary call to an absolute symbol, which the
linker resolves and `-mrelax` shortens where it can — `call 0x7e00` in four
bytes, or an `rjmp` on a part small enough for one.
It is worth saying what *not* to copy here, because pureboot's own hand-over
(`run_app()`) looks different: it launders its target through a
`[[gnu::noipa]]` indirect call. That is a position-independence measure, and it
belongs to the loader alone — the same image runs from either slot, so it must
never bake an absolute address. An application is linked at a fixed base and
has no such problem; using the indirect form costs two `ldi`s and a helper call
to reach the same place a plain call reaches in four bytes.
Three things must be true before the jump:
- **Interrupts off and the watchdog disabled.** The loader is polled and
vector-less; an ISR landing in it vectors into the application's table.
- **WDRF clear.** pureboot hands straight back to the application on a watchdog
reset (above), and it only *peeks* MCUSR — so a jump arriving with WDRF still
set opens no window at all.
- **Release any peripheral holding the link.** A loader entered by a jump
inherits the application's registers rather than reset values: with `TXEN0`
still set the USART owns TxD, and a bit-banging loader then receives
perfectly and answers into a pin it does not control. Clearing `UCSR0B`
before jumping is the whole fix, and the symptom without it is a loader that
is mute rather than deaf, which reads as a dead board.
## Session ## Session
After the knock the loader stays in its command loop until `J` jumps away or After the knock the loader stays in its command loop until a jump takes it away
the chip resets. Before reading each command it waits for any pending EEPROM or the chip resets. Before reading each command it waits for any pending EEPROM
write and sends the prompt `+` (0x2b), which is therefore also the previous write and sends the prompt `+` (0x2b), which is therefore also the previous
command's completion ack. A session is: await `+`, send a command, read its command's completion ack. A session is: await `+`, send a command, read its
reply, repeat. verdict, then its reply, repeat.
There is no invalid opcode: every byte begins a command, and it is the seal
rather than a table of known letters that rejects noise. The knock is the one
thing that must survive being sent into a loader already in session, which is
why both its bytes — `p` and `b` — carry the identify bit: they answer the
identity and consume nothing else.
Addresses are **byte addresses within a 64 KiB bank**, and the bank rides in Addresses are **byte addresses within a 64 KiB bank**, and the bank rides in
the command's selector byte, so no command has to speak word addresses. `J` is the command's selector byte, so no command has to speak word addresses. The jump
the exception: it takes a word address, because that is what the hardware's own is the exception: its address is a word address, because that is what the
jump takes. EEPROM and data-space addresses and all counts are bytes. hardware's own jump takes — it still carries a selector byte (reserved,
ignored) so its decode is the same three reads as every other command's.
EEPROM and data-space addresses and all counts are bytes.
The loader trusts the host to keep addresses in range: it does not bound them The loader trusts the host to keep addresses in range: it does not bound them
against the chip. **Gotcha:** a write (or read) that runs past `E2END` wraps — against the chip. **Gotcha:** a write (or read) that runs past `E2END` wraps —
@@ -164,22 +307,38 @@ low EEPROM and the write silently overwrites it. Keeping transfers within the
real sizes is the host's job (the shipped tool does); the flash budget is real sizes is the host's job (the shipped tool does); the flash budget is
better spent on features than on re-checking a bound the host already holds. better spent on features than on re-checking a bound the host already holds.
| Cmd | Arguments | Reply | Every command but the identity has **one header shape** — six bytes, the last
|---|---|---| of them a seal over the other five:
| `b` | — | 4 bytes: the pureboot version, then the three signature bytes |
| `G` | sel8, addr16, n8 | n bytes from the selected space (n = 0 means 256) |
| `g` | sel8, addr16, n8, then n data bytes | `+` per byte, sent once its write has begun |
| `W` | sel8, addr16, then one page of data | — (completion = next prompt) |
| `J` | word address (16-bit) | `+`, then execution continues there |
| other | — | ignored; the loop re-prompts (send a junk byte, await `+`, to resync) |
`G` and `g` are one letter in two cases, which is the whole command set for ```text
every memory: the **selector** byte's low nibble names the space and its high op8 sel8 addr_lo8 addr_hi8 n8 seal8
nibble carries the flash bank. seal = op ^ sel ^ addr_lo ^ addr_hi ^ n ^ 0x5A
```
The loader folds those fields and compares before it decodes what the command
is, then **answers the seal**: `+` accepts, `0xD4` refuses and nothing has
happened. The verdict comes before any payload, which is what keeps a refusal
local — a fill or a write burst sends its data only once the header is in, so
a rejected header never leaves the host pushing bytes into a loader that has
gone back to reading commands.
The opcode is bits, not a letter. A transfer is the absence of the other three,
and its direction is the low bit.
| Opcode | | Arguments after the header | Reply |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0x00 | read | none | verdict, then n bytes from the selected space (n = 0 means 256), then `+` |
| 0x01 | write | n data bytes | verdict, then `+` per byte once its write has begun, then `+` |
| 0x04 | fill | one page of data | verdict, then `+` when the page is in |
| 0x08 | jump | none | verdict, then execution continues at the word address |
| 0x20 | identify | *unsealed, one byte on its own* | 4 bytes: the version, then the three signature bytes, then `+` |
The **selector** byte's low nibble names the space and its high nibble carries
the flash bank.
| Space | | | | Space | | |
|---|---|---| |---|---|---|
| 0 | flash | read-only here; it is written through `W` and the SPM space | | 0 | flash | read-only here; it is written through the fill and the SPM command |
| 1 | EEPROM | | | 1 | EEPROM | |
| 2 | data | SRAM — and with it the register file and every I/O register, which share the data address space on AVR | | 2 | data | SRAM — and with it the register file and every I/O register, which share the data address space on AVR |
| 3 | fuse and lock | index 0..3 in the hardware's own Z order: low, lock, extended, high | | 3 | fuse and lock | index 0..3 in the hardware's own Z order: low, lock, extended, high |
@@ -188,18 +347,26 @@ nibble carries the flash bank.
The data space is worth more than it looks. pureboot keeps **zero static RAM** The data space is worth more than it looks. pureboot keeps **zero static RAM**
and pushes no register, so at loader entry an application's SRAM is still and pushes no register, so at loader entry an application's SRAM is still
whatever the application left there, bar the handful of bytes of return-address whatever the application left there, bar the handful of bytes of return-address
stack — which makes `G` over space 2 a post-mortem of a running application, stack — which makes a read over space 2 a post-mortem of a running application,
not just a poke hole. The same address space carries the register file and the not just a poke hole. The same address space carries the register file and the
I/O registers, so peripheral state is readable too; reading some of those has I/O registers, so peripheral state is readable too; reading some of those has
side effects (reading UDR clears its flags), which is the host's business to side effects (reading UDR clears its flags), which is the host's business to
know. know.
Programming a page is therefore `W` to fill the buffer, then a `g` to the SPM Programming a page is therefore a fill to load the buffer, then an SPM command
space for the erase, another for the write, and on a boot-sectioned chip a for the erase, another for the write, and on a boot-sectioned chip a third to
third to re-enable the RWW section — `0x03`, `0x05` and `0x11`, the SPMCSR re-enable the RWW section — `0x03`, `0x05` and `0x11`, the SPMCSR encodings
encodings every part pureboot targets shares. The loader carries no page-commit every part pureboot targets shares. The loader carries no page-commit logic of
logic of its own, and the same primitive reaches every other SPM operation, its own, and the same primitive reaches every other SPM operation, lock bits
lock bits included. included.
An SPM command has **no data phase**: its SPMCSR byte rides the header's count
field, where the seal covers it. That is the whole reason the field is
overloaded — a byte arriving behind the header would arrive after the seal had
been checked, and the one command that cannot be taken back is exactly the one
that must not be decided by an unchecked byte. Setting the lock bits is
therefore an ordinary sealed command (`0x09`) rather than something the loader
refuses: deliberate is expressible, accidental is not reachable.
The SPM store and the SPM instruction must issue within four cycles of each The SPM store and the SPM instruction must issue within four cycles of each
other (§26.2), which no host can hit across a serial link — so this one other (§26.2), which no host can hit across a serial link — so this one
@@ -207,11 +374,21 @@ primitive is *fused* rather than being a poke of SPMCSR followed by a poke of
something else. That four-cycle window is the floor on how low-level a something else. That four-cycle window is the floor on how low-level a
bootloader's primitives can go; it is not a byte-count decision. bootloader's primitives can go; it is not a byte-count decision.
An SPM command aimed at the 512-byte slot the loader is **running in** is Nothing refuses an address, the loader's own slot included. Through pureboot 8
dropped, so a broken host cannot brick the running copy, while a staged copy a running-slot write was dropped; the seal replaced that guard, because what
one slot lower may rewrite the resident — which is what a self-update is. the guard defended against was a wire fault naming an address, and a wire fault
can no longer name one. What it costs is that a host bug aimed at the running
slot now lands. What it buys is that a resident copy can write its own slot —
which is the only route a self-update has on a chip whose boot section *is* the
512-byte slot, where no staged copy can run SPM at all: the resident plants a
primitive in its own spare space and an application-side installer drives it.
A copy that erases the page it is executing from does not come back, so which
page matters; erasing any other page of its own slot it survives. That needs a
page the image does not reach into, which the stock builds have and the biggest
do not: a 378 B loader on a 128-byte-page mega leaves 384..511 entirely free,
while the 480 B autobaud build reaches into it and has none.
The loader never clears the SPM buffer before a fill, so **one `W` may program The loader never clears the SPM buffer before a fill, so **one fill may program
the wrong bytes, and the host is what fixes it**. The buffer is write-once per the wrong bytes, and the host is what fixes it**. The buffer is write-once per
word until cleared, and two things leave words in it: a refused page, and — word until cleared, and two things leave words in it: a refused page, and —
where SPM runs from anywhere, the tinies and the m48s — an application that where SPM runs from anywhere, the tinies and the m48s — an application that
@@ -221,15 +398,15 @@ the tinies), so repeating it programs correctly. The host therefore verifies
every page it writes and rewrites what comes back wrong (three retries, then it every page it writes and rewrites what comes back wrong (three retries, then it
stops). stops).
`g` is host-paced: send the next byte only after the previous byte's `+`. Fuse A write is host-paced: send the next byte only after the previous byte's `+`. Fuse
*writing* does not exist — SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only. *writing* does not exist — SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only.
`J` is the one control-transfer primitive: it runs the application (word 0 or The jump is the one control-transfer primitive: it runs the application (word 0 or
the trampoline word, both derived from the chip) and moves between loader the trampoline word, both derived from the chip) and moves between loader
copies during a self-update. A jump to a slot's base re-enters that copy's own copies during a self-update. A jump to a slot's base re-enters that copy's own
startup, which must then be knocked afresh. startup, which must then be knocked afresh.
`b` answers with the loader's identity — its version and the chip's signature — Identify answers with the loader's identity — its version and the chip's signature —
and nothing else. Everything else the host needs (page size, loader base, and nothing else. Everything else the host needs (page size, loader base,
EEPROM size, whether the reset vector must be patched, how many flash banks) EEPROM size, whether the reset vector must be patched, how many flash banks)
follows from the signature, and the host holds that table; the loader derived follows from the signature, and the host holds that table; the loader derived
@@ -244,7 +421,7 @@ to install a mismatch against.
## Version ## Version
`b`'s first byte is the **pureboot version** — the loader's one identity The identity's first byte is the **pureboot version** — the loader's one identity
number, and the only way to tell what a deployed loader is. Nothing else is number, and the only way to tell what a deployed loader is. Nothing else is
numbered: the wire protocol has no version, a pureboot version implies it, and numbered: the wire protocol has no version, a pureboot version implies it, and
the host tool holds that map. The tool states the window of loader versions it the host tool holds that map. The tool states the window of loader versions it
@@ -256,7 +433,34 @@ Two generations exist. **1 through 4** speak one session — a 12-byte info bloc
from `b`, and a command per memory (`R`/`W` flash, `r`/`w` EEPROM, `F` fuses). from `b`, and a command per memory (`R`/`W` flash, `r`/`w` EEPROM, `F` fuses).
**5** replaced those with the single `G`/`g` pair over selector-named spaces **5** replaced those with the single `G`/`g` pair over selector-named spaces
above; the shipped tool speaks both, choosing on the version it reads, so a above; the shipped tool speaks both, choosing on the version it reads, so a
deployed pureboot 4 stays drivable and self-updatable to 5. deployed pureboot 4 stays drivable and self-updatable to 5. **6** changes
nothing on the wire: it marks the builds that may carry a baked `OSCCAL` trim
(Configuration), so a tool driving an update knows such images exist. **7**
moves `J` onto the unified decode — it gains the selector byte the table
shows, which older loaders do not read, so the tool sends each form to the
version that speaks it — and re-homes the autobaud unit into the GPIOR pair
on the chips that have one (Session: what must not be written), which is
where `--info`'s measured clock now reads it on those parts. **8** changes
nothing on the wire either: it marks the builds whose deployment may be
one-wire (*One-wire* above) — the hardware USART's half-duplex turn-around,
or a software link folded onto a single pin. The host-side trace is
`--one-wire`, the echo discard a shared line requires of any tool driving
it. **9** is the third wire change and the largest: bit opcodes in place of
the letters, one sealed header shape for every command, and a verdict on that
seal before the command runs (*Session* above). It also drops the
running-slot write guard, which the seal makes redundant and which was the
only thing standing between a resident copy and its own slot. Identify is
answered by both knock bytes so version discovery works before the version is
known, which is what keeps a deployed pureboot 8 drivable and self-updatable
to 9.
Every closed generation is tagged in this repo at its era's last commit — the
commit just before the next version bump, so a tag holds everything its
version ever gained — and each tag carries the `libavr/` submodule pinned to
the libavr that loader was built against, as the whole libavr era does commit
by commit. `git checkout v3 && git submodule update --init libavr` followed by
the usual preset build therefore reproduces the v3 loader exactly; the open
generation is `main`.
Collapsing four command bodies into one transfer loop is what paid for the Collapsing four command bodies into one transfer loop is what paid for the
version: the data space, the host-issued SPM operations and the fuses now share version: the data space, the host-issued SPM operations and the fuses now share
@@ -291,7 +495,7 @@ ATmega328P profiles (addresses for its 32 KiB):
| BOOTSZ | BOOTRST | Behavior | | BOOTSZ | BOOTRST | Behavior |
|---|---|---| |---|---|---|
| 256 words (512 B) | programmed | *Standalone*: reset always enters the loader; **self-update impossible** (the staging slot lies outside the boot section, where SPM is disabled). | | 256 words (512 B) | programmed | *Standalone*: reset always enters the loader; **self-update impossible** (the staging slot lies outside the boot section, where SPM is disabled). |
| 512 words (1 KB) | unprogrammed | *Self-update, app-first*: reset always boots the application, which owns all 31.5 KB and must offer its own jump to 0x7e00 to reach the loader (a virgin chip reaches it by reset across erased flash). Updates are power-fail-safe except mid-rewrite of the resident slot itself (no reset path leads to the staging copy then). | | 512 words (1 KB) | unprogrammed | *Self-update, app-first*: reset always boots the application, which owns all 31.5 KB and must offer its own jump to 0x7e00 to reach the loader (a virgin chip reaches it by reset across erased flash; *Entering from a running application* under Activation is how that jump is written). Updates are power-fail-safe except mid-rewrite of the resident slot itself (no reset path leads to the staging copy then). |
| 512 words (1 KB) | programmed | *Self-update, loader-first*: reset lands at 0x7c00 — the staging slot, normally erased, so execution walks up into the loader; during an update it is the staging copy itself, so a mid-rewrite power loss recovers by reset. The loss windows move to the staging install/retire page writes instead (page-write scale). The host keeps `[0x7c00, 0x7e00)` clear of application data (`--force` overrides). | | 512 words (1 KB) | programmed | *Self-update, loader-first*: reset lands at 0x7c00 — the staging slot, normally erased, so execution walks up into the loader; during an update it is the staging copy itself, so a mid-rewrite power loss recovers by reset. The loss windows move to the staging install/retire page writes instead (page-write scale). The host keeps `[0x7c00, 0x7e00)` clear of application data (`--force` overrides). |
Applications are flashed unmodified here — word 0 stays the application's own Applications are flashed unmodified here — word 0 stays the application's own
@@ -313,6 +517,18 @@ mega (SPM only executes from the boot section — reflash the .hex), but *runs*
on a patched-vector chip, and the ordinary `--update-loader` flow re-homes it on a patched-vector chip, and the ordinary `--update-loader` flow re-homes it
into the top slot from there (`pureboot.rehome`). into the top slot from there (`pureboot.rehome`).
**Fixed-baud on an internal RC oscillator is a deployment risk the build
cannot see.** The factory trim is ±10 % where an 8N1 frame survives about
±4: a part at the edge answers nothing at the built rate, and the symptom —
silence — reads as a wiring fault (a real ATtiny13A measured −5.5 %, outside
every standard rate at its own documented default). The **autobaud build is
the deployment-proof backend**: it has no rate to miss. Where fixed-baud on
RC is wanted anyway, measure first and bake the trim: an autobaud session's
`--info` prints the part's true clock from the loader's own measured bit
period, OSCCAL moves the oscillator about 1 % per step, and `OSCCAL <byte>`
builds the correction in — one build–measure iteration converges. A loader
already deployed and silent is diagnosed with `--scan` (Host tool).
## Updating the loader ## Updating the loader
`pureboot.py --update-loader new_pureboot.bin` replaces the resident loader `pureboot.py --update-loader new_pureboot.bin` replaces the resident loader
@@ -320,6 +536,28 @@ with any pureboot build — a re-timed window, a newer version — using the
loader itself as its own staging loader. The image is the loader's own 512 loader itself as its own staging loader. The image is the loader's own 512
bytes as a raw binary, or the Intel HEX the build emits beside it. bytes as a raw binary, or the Intel HEX the build emits beside it.
One thing the image cannot tell the host: **which link it speaks.** The update
works by entering copies of the *new* image (steps 3 and 4 below), so a build
made for another baud or another backend answers on that one and not on the
session's — and 512 bytes of position-independent code carry no header to read
it from. Where the new image's link differs, name it:
```sh
# a 57600 fixed-baud resident, replaced by an autobaud build
pureboot.py --port … --baud 57600 --update-loader ab.bin --staged-autobaud
# …or by a 38400 build of the same backend
pureboot.py --port … --baud 57600 --update-loader sw38400.bin --staged-baud 38400
```
The host retunes on the open port, so no DTR pulse resets the copy it is talking
to. Omit them against a changed link and the update stops after installing the
staging copy, saying so and naming this as the cause.
An `OSCCAL`-baked image is a link change in effect even at an unchanged rate
on paper: the staging copy shifts the physical clock the moment its `run()`
starts, and from then on speaks exactly what it was built for. Declare it
like any other link change — `--staged-baud` with the new build's rate.
The preflight refuses an image built for another chip: the stamp every pureboot The preflight refuses an image built for another chip: the stamp every pureboot
binary carries must resolve to the device's own geometry, and the error names binary carries must resolve to the device's own geometry, and the error names
both. Die revisions share their base signature and geometry, so their images both. Die revisions share their base signature and geometry, so their images
@@ -331,7 +569,7 @@ are interchangeable — as the silicon is.
the host composes the slot's last word as a jump to the resident base, so the host composes the slot's last word as a jump to the resident base, so
even an abandoned staging copy times out into a loader. A loader already even an abandoned staging copy times out into a loader. A loader already
sitting whole in the staging slot is left as the staging copy instead — sitting whole in the staging slot is left as the staging copy instead —
rewriting it would only meet its own running-slot guard. rewriting it in place would be a copy overwriting itself as it runs.
3. `J` enters the staging copy, which rewrites the resident slot. Where a 3. `J` enters the staging copy, which rewrites the resident slot. Where a
patched reset vector routes through the resident, the host first re-aims patched reset vector routes through the resident, the host first re-aims
word 0 at the staging copy, so a power loss mid-rewrite still resets into a word 0 at the staging copy, so a power loss mid-rewrite still resets into a
@@ -340,10 +578,15 @@ are interchangeable — as the silicon is.
content, and the state file is discarded. content, and the state file is discarded.
Every phase is idempotent and keyed off the actual flash state, so re-running Every phase is idempotent and keyed off the actual flash state, so re-running
the same command after any interruption resumes and completes. The state file the same command after any interruption resumes and completes — with one
carries the only bytes not recoverable from the device; losing it mid-update qualification, which is the link again: from step 2 on, the copy the re-run has
still completes the update, and the staging region comes back by reflashing to reach is the *new* image, so a resumed run needs the same `--staged-*` as the
the application. A boot-sectioned mega needs its fuses for the preflight — read first one. On a patched-vector part step 3 also re-aims word 0 at the staging
copy, so after that point a reset reaches the new image's link and **only** that
one; a re-run on the resident's link finds nothing at all. The state file carries
the only bytes not recoverable from the device; losing it mid-update still
completes the update, and the staging region comes back by reflashing the
application. A boot-sectioned mega needs its fuses for the preflight — read
from the device, or supplied with `--assume-fuses` where reading is impossible from the device, or supplied with `--assume-fuses` where reading is impossible
(simulators). (simulators).
@@ -364,20 +607,55 @@ update, flash (erase / program / read / verify), EEPROM (the same), then
`--peek`/`--poke` — then the loader hands over to the application. `--stay` keeps the session alive `--peek`/`--poke` — then the loader hands over to the application. `--stay` keeps the session alive
instead, and a later invocation reconnects into it. `--flash` and `--eeprom` instead, and a later invocation reconnects into it. `--flash` and `--eeprom`
verify by read-back unless `--no-verify`, and a flash page that reads back verify by read-back unless `--no-verify`, and a flash page that reads back
wrong is rewritten up to three times before the run stops (see `W` above). wrong is rewritten up to three times before the run stops (see the fill above).
`--verify-flash` only reports. Images are raw binary, or Intel HEX by `--verify-flash` only reports. Images are raw binary, or Intel HEX by
extension. `--force` overrides the refusable safety checks — today, flashing extension. `--force` overrides the refusable safety checks — today, flashing
application data into a mega's reset walk region. application data into a mega's reset walk region.
`--autobaud` opens with the calibration pulse instead of the plain knock, for a `--autobaud` opens with the calibration pulse instead of the plain knock, for a
loader built `SERIAL autobaud`; the rest of the session is identical, at loader built `SERIAL autobaud`; the rest of the session is identical, at
whatever `--baud` the host chose. whatever `--baud` the host chose. Its `--info` adds the **measured clock** —
the loader's bit-period unit, decoded and multiplied by the session rate —
which is the number an `OSCCAL` bake or a fixed-baud build for the part is
held against; `--clock <hz>` states the drift against a nominal.
`--one-wire` marks the link as a shared line (*One-wire* above): the tool
reads back and verifies its own echoed bytes, whatever the backend.
It combines with everything, `--scan` included — undiscarded echoes would
answer every rate a scan probes.
`--scan` is the diagnosis once a fixed-baud loader has gone silent: it walks
±10 % around `--baud` in 2 % steps, nearest first, one probe per activation
window — reset the target as each probe announces itself (a board with DTR
wired to reset is pulsed by the probe's own port-open). A loader
off-frequency answers at its oscillator's ratio, and the report gives the
found rate as the session workaround, the offset, the OSCCAL correction's
direction at ~1 % per step, and the autobaud way out. Standalone — no other
operation combines with it.
`--peek ADDR[:N]` and `--poke ADDR:HEX` reach the data space (pureboot 5) — `--peek ADDR[:N]` and `--poke ADDR:HEX` reach the data space (pureboot 5) —
SRAM, and through the same address space the register file and every I/O SRAM, and through the same address space the register file and every I/O
register. Reading an I/O register can have side effects (reading UDR clears its register. Reading an I/O register can have side effects (reading UDR clears its
flags), which is the caller's business to know. flags), which is the caller's business to know.
Reads are safe anywhere; **two small regions cannot be written without ending the
session,** because they are what the loader is standing on:
- the **top of SRAM**, where its stack lives — a handful of bytes below RAMEND;
- on an **autobaud** build, the **measured bit period**: two bytes in
GPIOR2:GPIOR1 where the chip has the pair (data `0x32..0x33` on the
t25/45/85, `0x4A..0x4B` from the x8 generation on — such a loader has *no*
static RAM at all), and the two bytes at RAMSTART on the chips without one
(the t13s and classic megas), where they are the whole of the loader's
static RAM. Overwrite either home and the next reply is timed against
garbage — the symptom is a mangled prompt byte rather than any error; the
loader is fine, it simply is no longer speaking the agreed rate.
Both are self-inflicted rather than defects, and a reset clears them. Note also
that `--poke` can write OSCCAL, which does take effect — but a session can only
survive a step or two of it before the clock walks the link out of the rate
autobaud locked to, and OSCCAL reverts on reset regardless.
Readouts come one fact per line: `--info` prints the device's version and Readouts come one fact per line: `--info` prints the device's version and
signature and the geometry that follows from them, `--fuses` each fuse byte signature and the geometry that follows from them, `--fuses` each fuse byte
plus, on a boot-sectioned mega, its decoded meaning. Transfers that take wire time draw a transient progress bar on stderr plus, on a boot-sectioned mega, its decoded meaning. Transfers that take wire time draw a transient progress bar on stderr
@@ -386,8 +664,11 @@ counts, the programming plan, update state handling and per-phase page counts.
## Tests ## Tests
`tools/check.sh` runs every chip's workflow (`--full` adds the reflect-mode libavr rides as the `libavr/` submodule (`git submodule update --init libavr`);
builds of libavr's spot set; `tools/make_presets.py` regenerates the presets). `LIBAVR_ROOT` (cache or environment) overrides it for tandem development
against a working tree. `tools/check.sh` runs every chip's workflow (`--full`
adds the reflect-mode builds of libavr's spot set; `tools/make_presets.py`
regenerates the presets).
Per chip preset, `ctest` runs: Per chip preset, `ctest` runs:
- `pureboot.size` — the 510-byte (patched-vector) / 512-byte budget; - `pureboot.size` — the 510-byte (patched-vector) / 512-byte budget;
@@ -397,11 +678,19 @@ Per chip preset, `ctest` runs:
the fastest clock — where a software UART's per-bit spin outgrows its the fastest clock — where a software UART's per-bit spin outgrows its
one-register delay loop and takes the 16-bit one. That is the largest image one-register delay loop and takes the 16-bit one. That is the largest image
the configuration space produces, and a shape the ladder default (always the the configuration space produces, and a shape the ladder default (always the
*fastest* rate a clock reaches) never picks. Pins are immediate operands and *fastest* rate a clock reaches) never picks. Pins are an axis for one reason
the timeout is a constant: neither is an axis; only, and it is enough: a bit-banged link on a USART's own pins has to
release that USART, so `pureboot_{sw,autobaud}_on_usart{0,1}` build there
too. The timeout is a constant and is no axis;
- `pureboot_autobaud.size` — the clock-free build, which has no clock or baud - `pureboot_autobaud.size` — the clock-free build, which has no clock or baud
axis of its own: one binary per chip has to serve every point the matrix axis of its own: one binary per chip has to serve every point the matrix
below sweeps; below sweeps. `pureboot*osccal*.size` add the `OSCCAL` trim on the stock
shape and on the tightest image in the space (autobaud on a USART's own
pins), holding both of the trim write's addressing encodings to the budget;
- `pureboot_autobaud.unit` — the measured bit period sits where `--info`
reads it (wire contract, not layout accident): in the GPIOR pair, with no
RAM object at all, on the chips that have one; as the loader's only RAM
object at exactly ram_start elsewhere;
- `pbm_*.size` — with `PUREBOOT_FULL_MATRIX=1`, the exhaustive cross product - `pbm_*.size` — with `PUREBOOT_FULL_MATRIX=1`, the exhaustive cross product
replacing that compact matrix, on **every** chip: every plausible oscillator replacing that compact matrix, on **every** chip: every plausible oscillator
(the internal ones, the CKDIV8 floor, the plain and the UART crystals) × (the internal ones, the CKDIV8 floor, the plain and the UART crystals) ×
@@ -412,12 +701,27 @@ Per chip preset, `ctest` runs:
flash-resident section but `.text`, and the image byte-identical when linked flash-resident section but `.text`, and the image byte-identical when linked
at a different base — which is position independence itself rather than a at a different base — which is position independence itself rather than a
proxy for it; proxy for it;
- `pureboot.handshake` — the host tool's activation must not hang on a target
that never falls quiet: the drain after a prompt is bounded by the handshake
deadline, and a well-behaved loader still connects;
- `pureboot.updatelink` — an update whose image changes the baud or the backend
must follow the staging copy onto *its* link, since that copy is the new image;
and where nothing was declared, the failure must name the link rather than
report a bare activation timeout, because by then the staging slot is written
and on a 1 KiB tiny that was the application;
- `pureboot.planner` — the host tool's pure logic: programming orders and their - `pureboot.planner` — the host tool's pure logic: programming orders and their
recovery properties, the surgery, the staging composition, the boot-fuse recovery properties, the surgery, the staging composition, the boot-fuse
decode, the update preflight over synthetic fuse bytes, and the repairing decode, the update preflight over synthetic fuse bytes, and the repairing
verify against a fake device; verify against a fake device;
- `pureboot.scan` — `--scan`'s walk and report logic: the probe order, the
rate arithmetic, and the trim advice's direction. A pty carries bytes at
any termios rate, so the rate physics itself belongs to the hardware
harness, and what the wire would arbitrate is pinned as logic;
- `presets.generated` — CMakePresets.json matches its generator
(`tools/make_presets.py --check`), so a hand edit or a generator change
cannot drift the pair apart;
- `pureboot.protocol` — end to end against a simavr device - `pureboot.protocol` — end to end against a simavr device
(`test/pureboot_device.c`: a hardware USART as a pty, or a cycle-timed (`test/pureboot_device.cpp`: a hardware USART as a pty, or a cycle-timed
GPIO⇄pty bridge for a software-UART build, plus the SPM/NVM module simavr's GPIO⇄pty bridge for a software-UART build, plus the SPM/NVM module simavr's
tiny cores lack) driven by the real host tool through knock-from-reset, tiny cores lack) driven by the real host tool through knock-from-reset,
program + verify of both memories, session reconnect, an external reset program + verify of both memories, session reconnect, an external reset
@@ -434,6 +738,12 @@ Per chip preset, `ctest` runs:
- `pureboot.usart1` (644A) — the same suite over the second hardware USART: - `pureboot.usart1` (644A) — the same suite over the second hardware USART:
instance selection is compile-checked everywhere, but only a live session instance selection is compile-checked everywhere, but only a live session
proves the loader polls the USART it claims; proves the loader polls the USART it claims;
- `pureboot.mute` (328P) — a software link on USART0's own pins, entered from an
application that handed over with that USART still enabled: the loader must
still answer, which it does only because it releases it. The pin ownership is
the runner's, not simavr's — simavr wires a USART through IRQs and never takes
the pin from the port, so without that model the state under test could not
arise at all;
- `pureboot.dirty` (328P) — entering the loader from a running application over - `pureboot.dirty` (328P) — entering the loader from a running application over
an SPM buffer it deliberately dirtied, the case the loader declines to guard: an SPM buffer it deliberately dirtied, the case the loader declines to guard:
a bare verify must see the corruption and the repairing verify must fix it in a bare verify must see the corruption and the repairing verify must fix it in
@@ -442,12 +752,58 @@ Per chip preset, `ctest` runs:
- `pureboot.update` — the full `--update-loader` flow, then every power-fail - `pureboot.update` — the full `--update-loader` flow, then every power-fail
phase: the device is killed mid-write, restarted from its flash dump, and a phase: the device is killed mid-write, restarted from its flash dump, and a
re-run must complete the update with the application intact; re-run must complete the update with the application intact;
- `pureboot.osccal` (328P, t85) — a loader built with the `OSCCAL` axis holds
the trim register at the built byte from its first prompt, observed through
the wire on one chip per addressing encoding (`sts` and low-I/O `out`);
- `pureboot.autobaud` (328P, 1284P) — the clock-free build over the GPIO⇄pty - `pureboot.autobaud` (328P, 1284P) — the clock-free build over the GPIO⇄pty
bridge: the calibration handshake, a flash + EEPROM + fuse round trip against bridge: the calibration handshake, a flash + EEPROM + fuse round trip against
the simulator's own memory, a data-space round trip, the hand-over — then the the simulator's own memory, a data-space round trip, the hand-over — then the
same binary again at double the clock, which is the property the backend same binary again at double the clock, which is the property the backend
exists for. A lone calibration pulse with no knock behind it must still let exists for. The measured clock `--info` prints is asserted against the
simulator's exact clock, inside the unit encoding's own envelope, at both
points. A lone calibration pulse with no knock behind it must still let
the application boot, so no wait in activation can be unbounded. the application boot, so no wait in activation can be unbounded.
`size`, `pi` and `planner` are host logic and run anywhere; the `size`, `unit`, `pi`, `planner`, `scan` and `handshake` are host logic and run
simulator-driven targets need simavr and a pty, so they are POSIX-only. anywhere; the simulator-driven targets need simavr and a pty, so they are
POSIX-only.
## Hardware
The suite above proves the protocol on every chip; it cannot prove a *board*.
Two things live only on silicon: an RC oscillator that is not on its nominal, and
a reset edge that has to come from somewhere. `tools/pbrig.py` and
`tools/pbhw.py` cover that, and know nothing per-board — every deployment fact
is a flag or a `PUREBOOT_*` environment variable.
```sh
export PUREBOOT_PROGRAMMER=atmelice_isp PUREBOOT_PART=t13 PUREBOOT_PORT=COM6
tools/pbrig.py backup rig-backup/ # verified, before anything is written
tools/pbhw.py --autobaud --loader build/ab.bin --app build/pbapp.hex --marker APP
```
`pbrig.py` is the primitives — `signature`, `reset`, `flash`, `fuses`, `backup`,
`rate` — and the module `pbhw.py` builds on. Two rig facts are encoded in it
because neither is guessable: an **ISP access is the reset edge** (the part runs
the moment the programmer releases it, which is the only edge available when the
adapter's DTR is not wired to reset, so a session begins with an ISP touch and
knocks immediately after), and **avrdude splits `-U` on colons**, so a Windows
path's drive letter breaks the spec and every file is passed as a bare name with
avrdude run in its own directory.
`pbrig.py rate` is the one that turns "the loader is silent, so the wiring must
be wrong" into a number. Against a fixture built with `PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT` — a
*fixed* cycles-per-bit transmitter — it sweeps the host rate, and the band where
the marker still decodes brackets the part's true bit rate; with the clock the
image was built for, that is the clock the part is really running at. No
instrument beyond the adapter already attached. An ATtiny13A measured this way
came out at 9.072 MHz against its 9.6 MHz nominal, −5.5 % — inside the
datasheet's ±10 % and outside what an 8N1 frame survives, which is the whole
case for the autobaud backend on such a part.
`pbhw.py` takes its bounds from the info block the loader reports, so one run
covers a 1 KiB tiny and a 128 KiB mega alike: identity, the EEPROM round trip
and erase, an application flashed and verified and then *seen running*, the
application region read and erased, the loader slot proven intact across that
erase by an independent ISP read, and an oversized image refused. It overwrites
the application flash and EEPROM, which is why `backup` comes first.

378
pureboot/pureboot.cpp
View File

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
// pureboot — a serial bootloader on libavr: one C++ source, no inline // pureboot — a serial bootloader on libavr: one C++ source, no inline
// assembly, no global register variables, 512 bytes on every chip libavr // assembly, no global register variables, a 512-byte slot on every chip
// targets. The device speaks primitives; every composite (verify, erase, // libavr targets. The device speaks primitives; every composite (verify, erase,
// reset-vector surgery, self-update) lives in the host tool. Protocol, // reset-vector surgery, self-update) lives in the host tool. Protocol,
// deployment and configuration: README.md next to this file. // deployment and configuration: README.md next to this file.
// //
// The image is position-independent — PC-relative control flow, wire // The image is position-independent — PC-relative control flow and wire
// addresses in, the write guard and the info block both anchored on the // addresses in, no absolute address formed anywhere — so the identical binary
// runtime return address — so the identical binary runs from any slot. That // runs from any slot. That is what makes a copy one slot below able to rewrite
// is what makes a copy one slot below able to rewrite the resident one, and // the resident one, and every change here has to keep it (test/check_pi.py).
// every change here has to keep it (test/check_pi.py). // It does not need to know *which* slot it is in: nothing here refuses an
// address, so there is no running-slot comparison to anchor.
#include <chrono>
#include <libavr/libavr.hpp> #include <libavr/libavr.hpp>
@@ -24,6 +27,37 @@ constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
constexpr std::uint8_t ack = '+'; constexpr std::uint8_t ack = '+';
// The refusal, which is the ack inverted: on a link whose whole problem is
// flipped bits, the byte saying "nothing happened" should be as far as a byte
// can be from the one saying "it did", and the complement is all eight bits.
// It is also the only spelling that needs no justifying — every other value
// would be a choice.
constexpr std::uint8_t nak = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(~ack);
// What a command's fields must fold to. Any non-zero constant does: zero is
// what a run of one repeated byte folds to, and a repeated byte is the shape of
// both a line stuck at a level and a page of erased flash arriving where a
// header belongs.
constexpr std::uint8_t seal = 0x5a;
// The opcode, as bits rather than letters. Each is a one-instruction skip,
// where a set of arbitrary values costs a compare and a branch apiece — and
// with the seal deciding what is a command at all, there is nothing left for a
// readable spelling to buy. A transfer is the absence of the other three, and
// its direction is the low bit.
//
// Identify is bit 5 for one reason: 'p' and 'b' both carry it, and those are
// the knock. Two things follow that no other assignment gives. A host cannot
// know which generation it is talking to until something has answered, so the
// command reporting the version has to mean the same thing before the version
// is known — 'b' still asks it. And a knock aimed at a loader that is
// *already* in session has to stay harmless: with no opcode reserved as
// invalid, every byte now starts a command, so a knock that meant nothing to
// earlier generations would otherwise consume the five header bytes behind it
// and put the stream out of step. Answering both knock bytes with the identity
// keeps the reconnect exactly as cheap as it was.
enum : std::uint8_t { op_write = 1, op_fill = 4, op_jump = 8, op_identify = 0x20 };
// Deployment parameters come from the build (pureboot_add_loader()). The // Deployment parameters come from the build (pureboot_add_loader()). The
// signature is not one of them: the chip database is the only universal // signature is not one of them: the chip database is the only universal
// source — a tiny13A cannot read its own signature row from code. An autobaud // source — a tiny13A cannot read its own signature row from code. An autobaud
@@ -38,18 +72,11 @@ using dev = avr::device<{.clock = avr::hertz_t{PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ}}>;
constexpr avr::baud_t wire_baud{PUREBOOT_BAUD}; constexpr avr::baud_t wire_baud{PUREBOOT_BAUD};
#endif #endif
// The watchdog reset flag's home: MCUSR, or the classic megas' MCUCSR.
consteval std::int16_t wdrf_field()
{
auto reg = std::string_view{avr::hw::db.regs[static_cast<std::size_t>(avr::power::detail::reset_reg())].name};
return avr::hw::db.field_index(reg, "WDRF");
}
// The loader owns the top 512 bytes; a staging copy goes in the slot below. // The loader owns the top 512 bytes; a staging copy goes in the slot below.
// Chips without a hardware boot section — the tinies and the m48s, whose SPM // Chips without a hardware boot section — the tinies and the m48s, whose SPM
// runs from anywhere (Atmel-8271 §26) — keep the application's relocated // runs from anywhere (Atmel-8271 §26) — keep the application's relocated
// reset vector in the word under the slot. // reset vector in the word under the slot. The size itself is the linker's and
constexpr std::uint16_t slot_bytes = 512; // the host's business: nothing in here needs to know where the slot ends.
constexpr std::uint16_t page = spm::page_bytes; constexpr std::uint16_t page = spm::page_bytes;
constexpr bool boot_section = avr::hw::curated::has_boot_section(); constexpr bool boot_section = avr::hw::curated::has_boot_section();
@@ -72,9 +99,17 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t timeout_seconds = PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT;
#endif #endif
constexpr avr::uint24_t autobaud_budget = PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS; constexpr avr::uint24_t autobaud_budget = PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS;
// A build may bake a measured oscillator trim (README.md: the RC-oscillator
// deployment answer); the byte is applied at the top of run(). Orthogonal to
// the serial backend — an autobaud build may carry it for the application's
// benefit alone.
#if defined(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL)
static_assert(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL >= 0 && PUREBOOT_OSCCAL <= 0xff, "PUREBOOT_OSCCAL is one OSCCAL byte");
#endif
// The loader's one identity number. The protocol carries none of its own — // The loader's one identity number. The protocol carries none of its own —
// a version implies it, and the host tool holds that map (README.md). // a version implies it, and the host tool holds that map (README.md).
constexpr std::uint8_t version = 5; constexpr std::uint8_t version = 9;
// The image's identity stamp, for the host tool rather than for the wire: an // The image's identity stamp, for the host tool rather than for the wire: an
// update image is a bare 512-byte slot, and without this nothing in it says // update image is a bare 512-byte slot, and without this nothing in it says
@@ -102,12 +137,18 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t stamp_identity = 2;
// The address spaces a transfer can name, in a selector byte's low nibble. // The address spaces a transfer can name, in a selector byte's low nibble.
// Flash is 0 so it is the cheapest to select. // Flash is 0 so it is the cheapest to select.
// //
// spm_ops is the one that is not memory: a write there hands its byte to // spm_ops is the one that is not memory: naming it hands the count field to
// SPMCSR and fires the instruction at the transfer's address, which is how // SPMCSR and fires the instruction at the transfer's address, which is how
// page erase, page write and RWW re-enable reach the wire without the loader // page erase, page write and RWW re-enable reach the wire without the loader
// carrying a command for each. The hardware's four-cycle store-to-SPM window // carrying a command for each. The hardware's four-cycle store-to-SPM window
// is why this is one fused primitive and not a poke of SPMCSR — no host can // is why this is one fused primitive and not a poke of SPMCSR — no host can
// hit that window across a serial link. // hit that window across a serial link.
//
// It is the one space with no direction: the opcode's write bit is not
// consulted, because a sealed command naming this space says what it means and
// there is nothing for the other direction to denote. Testing the bit anyway
// would cost six bytes to catch a host contradicting itself, which is the same
// trade the running-slot guard lost.
enum : std::uint8_t { sp_flash = 0, sp_eeprom = 1, sp_data = 2, sp_fuse = 3, sp_spm = 4 }; enum : std::uint8_t { sp_flash = 0, sp_eeprom = 1, sp_data = 2, sp_fuse = 3, sp_spm = 4 };
// A selector's high nibble is the flash bank — the address bits above the // A selector's high nibble is the flash bank — the address bits above the
@@ -125,22 +166,6 @@ enum : std::uint8_t { sp_flash = 0, sp_eeprom = 1, sp_data = 2, sp_fuse = 3, sp_
return static_cast<std::uint8_t>(selector >> 4); return static_cast<std::uint8_t>(selector >> 4);
} }
// The slot a flash address falls in, as one byte. A slot is half as many words
// as bytes, so the word address's high byte is exactly this index — which is
// what lets the write guard compare a single byte, and what the running copy's
// own return address yields for free.
constexpr std::uint8_t slot_shift = std::countr_zero(slot_bytes);
constexpr std::uint8_t bank_shift = 16 - slot_shift;
[[gnu::always_inline]] inline std::uint8_t slot_of([[maybe_unused]] std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
{
const auto within = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at >> slot_shift);
if constexpr (banked_flash)
return static_cast<std::uint8_t>((bank << bank_shift) | within);
else
return within;
}
// The serial link, per the build's PUREBOOT_USART / PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL / // The serial link, per the build's PUREBOOT_USART / PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL /
// PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD, defaulting to the chip's USART0 where it has one. The // PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD, defaulting to the chip's USART0 where it has one. The
// software receiver is the polled one: the vector table belongs to the // software receiver is the polled one: the vector table belongs to the
@@ -154,6 +179,9 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t bank_shift = 16 - slot_shift;
#if defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD) && defined(PUREBOOT_USART) #if defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD) && defined(PUREBOOT_USART)
#error "PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD measures a software link; it cannot drive a hardware USART" #error "PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD measures a software link; it cannot drive a hardware USART"
#endif #endif
#if defined(PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX) && (defined(PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL) || defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD))
#error "PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX is the hardware USART's one-wire mode; a software link goes one-wire by RX == TX"
#endif
#if !defined(PUREBOOT_RX) #if !defined(PUREBOOT_RX)
#define PUREBOOT_RX pb0 #define PUREBOOT_RX pb0
#endif #endif
@@ -161,18 +189,50 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t bank_shift = 16 - slot_shift;
#define PUREBOOT_TX pb1 #define PUREBOOT_TX pb1
#endif #endif
#if defined(PUREBOOT_USART) #if defined(PUREBOOT_USART)
constexpr char usart_digit = '0' + PUREBOOT_USART; constexpr int usart_unit = PUREBOOT_USART;
#else #else
constexpr char usart_digit = '0'; constexpr int usart_unit = 0;
#endif
// One-wire on the hardware USART (PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX): RXD and TXD tied
// together off-chip, exactly one direction enabled at a time — the library's
// .half_duplex turn-around. The activation window is unchanged; only its
// poll grows the release-line test rx_ready() carries in this mode.
constexpr bool hw_half_duplex =
#if defined(PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX)
true;
#else
false;
#endif #endif
template <avr::hertz_t C, avr::baud_t B> template <avr::hertz_t C, avr::baud_t B>
struct hardware_link { struct hardware_link {
using uart = avr::uart::usart<usart_digit, C, {.baud = B, .max_baud_error = 2.5_pct}>; using uart = avr::uart::usart<usart_unit, C, {.baud = B, .max_baud_error = 2.5_pct, .half_duplex = hw_half_duplex}>;
// The compiled idle poll: lds UCSR0A (2), sbrc skipping the exit (2), // The compiled idle poll around the window's narrow (uint24_t) countdown:
// sbiw + sbci + sbci + brne (6). // the RXC test, then sbiw + sbci + brne (5). The test's cost follows the
static constexpr std::uint8_t poll_cycles = 10; // status register's home — a 2-cycle bit-skip where UCSRnA sits in
// bit-addressable I/O (the classic megas), lds + skip (4) in extended
// I/O. Half-duplex polls through rx_ready()'s release-line test, which
// -Os outlines: the rcall (3), the UCSR#B read and not-taken skip with
// the jump over the write (I/O 3, extended 5), the ret (4) — and the
// call in the loop body pushes the countdown into call-saved registers,
// where the uint24_t step is ldi+sub+sbc+sbc (4) instead of sbiw+sbci
// (3). Measured off the built loops: 18 a poll in bit-addressable I/O,
// 22 in extended. A uint32_t countdown pays one more sbci —
// window_polls() adds it where the count forces the wide type. Held per
// chip by the pureboot.window gates. The lookup rides the baud parameter
// so it stays dependent: the trait is an incomplete type on the
// USART-less chips, which parse this template without ever instantiating
// it.
template <avr::baud_t Baud, typename U = avr::hw::usart_of<usart_unit>>
static consteval std::uint8_t poll_cost()
{
if (hw_half_duplex)
return U::ucsra::addr < 0x40 ? 18 : 22;
return U::ucsra::addr < 0x40 ? 7 : 9;
}
static constexpr std::uint8_t poll_cycles = poll_cost<B>();
static void init() static void init()
{ {
@@ -196,18 +256,26 @@ struct hardware_link {
static void drain() static void drain()
{ {
uart::drain(); // A drain here always follows this link's own write — the frame is
// in flight by construction, so the completion the wait needs is
// guaranteed and the bounded default's countdown would be dead bytes.
uart::drain_unbounded();
} }
}; };
template <avr::hertz_t C, avr::baud_t B> template <avr::hertz_t C, avr::baud_t B>
struct software_link { struct software_link {
// RX == TX is the one-wire deployment: the transmitter becomes a guest
// on the receiver's pull-up line, taking the pin's direction for exactly
// one frame per byte.
using rx_t = avr::uart::software_rx_polled<C, avr::PUREBOOT_RX, B>; using rx_t = avr::uart::software_rx_polled<C, avr::PUREBOOT_RX, B>;
using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, B>; using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, B, avr::PUREBOOT_RX == avr::PUREBOOT_TX>;
// The compiled idle poll: sbis skipping the exit (2), sbiw + sbci + // The compiled idle poll around the window's narrow (uint24_t) countdown:
// sbci + brne (6). // sbis skipping the exit (2), sbiw + sbci + brne (5). A uint32_t
static constexpr std::uint8_t poll_cycles = 8; // countdown pays one more sbci — window_polls() adds it where the count
// forces the wide type. Held by the pureboot.window gate.
static constexpr std::uint8_t poll_cycles = 7;
static void init() static void init()
{ {
@@ -240,7 +308,10 @@ struct software_link {
// every rate. Activation differs in kind from the other two — there is no // every rate. Activation differs in kind from the other two — there is no
// clock to time a window against — so this backend brings its own, below. // clock to time a window against — so this backend brings its own, below.
struct autobaud_link { struct autobaud_link {
using uart = avr::uart::software_autobaud<avr::PUREBOOT_RX, avr::PUREBOOT_TX>; // The unit in GPIOR2:GPIOR1 where the chip has them: the loader owns the
// whole chip while it runs, and the pair costs one word per access where
// the RAM word costs two — six words across the image.
using uart = avr::uart::software_autobaud<avr::PUREBOOT_RX, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, avr::uart::unit_home::gpior>;
static void init() static void init()
{ {
@@ -259,19 +330,22 @@ struct autobaud_link {
static void drain() static void drain()
{ {
uart::drain(); // A drain here always follows this link's own write — the frame is
// in flight by construction, so the completion the wait needs is
// guaranteed and the bounded default's countdown would be dead bytes.
uart::drain_unbounded();
} }
}; };
#if defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD) #if defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD)
using link = autobaud_link; using link = autobaud_link;
#elif defined(PUREBOOT_USART) #elif defined(PUREBOOT_USART)
static_assert(avr::uart::has_usart<usart_digit>(), "PUREBOOT_USART selects a hardware USART this chip does not have"); static_assert(avr::uart::has_usart<usart_unit>(), "PUREBOOT_USART selects a hardware USART this chip does not have");
using link = hardware_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>; using link = hardware_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>;
#elif defined(PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL) #elif defined(PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL)
using link = software_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>; using link = software_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>;
#else #else
using link = std::conditional_t<avr::uart::has_usart<usart_digit>(), hardware_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>, using link = std::conditional_t<avr::uart::has_usart<usart_unit>(), hardware_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>,
software_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>>; software_link<dev::clock, wire_baud>>;
#endif #endif
@@ -287,7 +361,7 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void pureboot_app();
__builtin_unreachable(); __builtin_unreachable();
} }
[[gnu::noinline, noreturn]] void run_app() [[noreturn]] void run_app()
{ {
jump(pureboot_app); jump(pureboot_app);
} }
@@ -313,16 +387,39 @@ void await_host()
} }
} }
#else #else
// The window as one 32-bit countdown, divided by the backend's counted // The window as one countdown, divided by the backend's counted poll-loop
// poll-loop cycles. Whole seconds is all it promises. // cycles. Whole seconds is all it promises. The per-poll cost depends on the
// countdown's own width (a uint32_t decrement chain is one sbci longer), and
// the width depends on the poll count — solved narrow-first: a count that
// fits 24 bits at the narrow cost keeps the narrow loop, anything else takes
// the wide loop at its own cost. A count fitting 24 bits only at the wide
// cost stays wide, so the choice cannot oscillate on the boundary.
consteval std::uint32_t polls_at(std::uint32_t per_poll)
{
// Whole-window cycles first, then the per-poll division: one truncation
// instead of one per second. Same instructions either way — only the
// countdown's immediate moves.
return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(dev::cycles_for<std::chrono::seconds{timeout_seconds}>() / per_poll);
}
consteval bool narrow_window()
{
return polls_at(link::poll_cycles) <= 0xffffff;
}
consteval std::uint32_t window_polls() consteval std::uint32_t window_polls()
{ {
return timeout_seconds * static_cast<std::uint32_t>(dev::clock.hz / link::poll_cycles); return polls_at(narrow_window() ? link::poll_cycles : link::poll_cycles + 1u);
} }
// The countdown in the narrowest type that holds it: a fourth byte would
// cost a wider decrement chain at every poll for range most windows never
// use (the autobaud budget makes the same choice).
using window_t = std::conditional_t<narrow_window(), avr::uint24_t, std::uint32_t>;
bool pending_before_deadline() bool pending_before_deadline()
{ {
std::uint32_t polls = window_polls(); window_t polls = window_polls();
do { do {
if (link::pending()) if (link::pending())
return true; return true;
@@ -399,35 +496,40 @@ void await_host()
} }
// One byte into a writable space. Flash is not one of them — it arrives a // One byte into a writable space. Flash is not one of them — it arrives a
// page at a time through 'W' and is committed through sp_spm — and the fuses // page at a time through 'W' and is committed by the sealed SPM command — and
// are not writable at all: SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only. // the fuses are not writable at all: SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only.
[[gnu::always_inline]] inline void store(std::uint8_t space, std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value, [[gnu::always_inline]] inline void store(std::uint8_t space, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
std::uint8_t slot_high)
{ {
if (space == sp_data) { if (space == sp_data) {
*reinterpret_cast<volatile std::uint8_t *>(at) = value; *reinterpret_cast<volatile std::uint8_t *>(at) = value;
return; return;
} }
if (space == sp_spm) { // Host-paced: the ack goes out once the write has begun, so the next byte
// The running-slot write guard. An SPM command aimed at the slot this // arrives while it completes and nothing is missed without a buffer.
// code executes from is dropped, so a broken host cannot brick the ee::write<off>(at, value);
// running loader — while a copy one slot lower may still rewrite the }
// resident one, which is what a self-update is. Guarding the commit
// rather than the page fill covers erase and write both, and leaves a // The irreversible half of the protocol, and the whole of it: page erase, page
// refused page's words in the buffer: harmless, since the next page // write and the lock bits are one SPM command each, and nothing else the loader
// write auto-erases it (§26.2.1). // does outlasts being done again. Reached only from a sealed command (run()),
if (slot_of(bank, at) != slot_high) // so both the byte handed to SPMCSR and the address it fires at are the ones
// the host computed its seal over.
//
// Nothing here refuses an address. A loader that will not write its own slot
// cannot plant anything in it either, and a resident copy able to rewrite its
// own trailing page is what lets a 512-byte boot section — where no staging
// copy can run SPM at all — carry an SPM primitive for an application-side
// installer to drive. The protection that made the guard look necessary is the
// seal: a wire fault can no longer name an address, only a host can, and a host
// that names this one means it.
[[gnu::always_inline]] inline void commit(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
{
spm::command<off>(value, flash_address(bank, at)); spm::command<off>(value, flash_address(bank, at));
// Only a boot-sectioned mega runs on while its RWW section programs; // Only a boot-sectioned mega runs on while its RWW section programs;
// everywhere else the CPU halts through erase and write, so the wait // everywhere else the CPU halts through erase and write, so the wait
// is already over by the time it returns. // is already over by the time it returns.
if constexpr (boot_section) if constexpr (boot_section)
spm::wait(); spm::wait();
return;
}
// Host-paced: the ack goes out once the write has begun, so the next byte
// arrives while it completes and nothing is missed without a buffer.
ee::write<off>(at, value);
} }
// One page into the SPM buffer, and only that: the erase and the write that // One page into the SPM buffer, and only that: the erase and the write that
@@ -454,20 +556,18 @@ void fill_page(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
[[noreturn]] void run() [[noreturn]] void run()
{ {
#if defined(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL)
// The build's oscillator trim, ahead of everything — the WDRF bail
// included — so every path out of reset, the watchdog hand-over to the
// application first among them, runs on the corrected clock.
avr::clock::calibrate(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL);
#endif
// A watchdog reset belongs to the application, whose watchdog stays forced // A watchdog reset belongs to the application, whose watchdog stays forced
// on until it clears WDRF — no activation window in its way. // on until it clears WDRF — no activation window in its way.
if (avr::hw::field_impl<wdrf_field()>::test()) if (avr::power::peek_reset_cause().watchdog)
run_app(); run_app();
link::init(); link::init();
// The slot this copy runs in, which the write guard follows: the return
// address is a word address and a slot is half as many words as bytes, so
// its high byte is the slot index outright. No absolute address is ever
// formed, so the image stays position-independent.
const auto return_words = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(__builtin_return_address(0));
const auto slot_high = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(return_words >> 8);
await_host(); await_host();
for (;;) { for (;;) {
@@ -476,52 +576,99 @@ void fill_page(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
ee::wait(); ee::wait();
tx_ack(); tx_ack();
const std::uint8_t command = link::rx(); const std::uint8_t command = link::rx();
switch (command) { if (command & op_identify) {
case 'J': { // jump to a wire word address: hand-over and staging transfer // Identity: the version, then the three signature bytes. Straight
auto target = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(rx16()); // out of the stamp, so the wire and the image can never disagree
tx_ack(); // about what this loader is. The indices are constant and the array
link::drain(); // is constexpr, so these are immediates, not flash reads: nothing
jump(target); // here needs the stamp's runtime address. Unsealed, because it
} // takes no argument and changes nothing — and because a command
case 'b': // identity: the version, then the three signature bytes // that cannot be got wrong is what a lost host resynchronises on.
// Straight out of the stamp, so the wire and the image can never
// disagree about what this loader is. The indices are constant and
// the array is constexpr, so these are immediates, not flash reads:
// nothing here needs the stamp's runtime address.
for (std::uint8_t at = stamp_identity; at != sizeof identity_stamp; ++at) for (std::uint8_t at = stamp_identity; at != sizeof identity_stamp; ++at)
link::tx(identity_stamp[at]); link::tx(identity_stamp[at]);
break; } else {
case 'W': // fill one flash page buffer: sel8, addr16, then page bytes // One decode, one cursor and one loop for every space, both
case 'G': // read: sel8, addr16, n8 (0 = 256) // directions and the jump: a command per memory would carry a copy
case 'g': { // write: sel8, addr16, n8, then n bytes, each acked // of all three each. The jump — the hand-over and staging transfer
// One decode, one cursor and one loop for every space and both // — carries a selector it ignores so its address rides the same two
// directions: a command per memory would carry a copy of all three // reads as everything else; the page fill joins the same decode
// each. 'W' joins the same decode rather than keeping an address // rather than keeping an address form of its own, so flash
// form of its own, so flash addressing is uniform across every // addressing is uniform across every command that names it. Both
// command that names it. // carry the count they do not use for the same reason: one header
// shape is one decode, and one seal covers a fixed set of bytes.
const std::uint8_t selector = link::rx(); const std::uint8_t selector = link::rx();
const std::uint8_t space = space_of(selector); const std::uint8_t space = space_of(selector);
const std::uint8_t bank = bank_of(selector); const std::uint8_t bank = bank_of(selector);
std::uint16_t at = rx16(); std::uint16_t at = rx16();
if (command == 'W') {
fill_page(bank, at);
break;
}
std::uint8_t count = link::rx(); std::uint8_t count = link::rx();
const std::uint8_t sealed = link::rx();
// The seal: every field that decides what this command does folded
// into one byte the host chose, tested before any of it happens.
//
// Checked here rather than acknowledged afterwards, which is the
// whole point. An ack reports a command that has already run, and
// for the one command that cannot be taken back a report is not a
// defence. Once the running-slot guard is gone the address is as
// fatal as the command byte — a wrong one reaches the loader's own
// page — so the seal covers the act and the place together, and a
// stream that lost or mangled either cannot produce it.
//
// Folded here, after the last read, and never accumulated across
// the reads: every field is still live at this point because the
// command needs it anyway, so the fold costs one xor each and no
// register. An accumulator would have to survive four calls, and
// paying for that in call-saved registers costs more than the whole
// check costs in arithmetic — measured at fourteen bytes, on a
// budget of ten.
std::uint8_t fold = command;
fold ^= selector;
fold ^= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at);
fold ^= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at >> 8);
fold ^= count;
fold ^= sealed;
// The verdict, and it is not a courtesy. Every command whose
// payload the host sends without waiting — a page fill, a write
// burst — would otherwise be handed to a loader that has already
// gone back to reading commands, so a *detected* error would
// become the desync the seal exists to prevent: a 128-byte page
// read as command headers is twenty-one more chances at the one in
// two hundred and fifty-six. Answering the seal before the payload
// is what keeps a refusal local to the command that earned it.
//
// An unknown opcode lands here too — every bit pattern is now some
// command, so it is the seal, not a table of valid letters, that
// rejects noise, and the host hears about it either way.
if (fold != seal) {
link::tx(nak);
} else {
tx_ack();
if (command & op_jump) {
link::drain();
jump(reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(at));
} else if (command & op_fill) {
fill_page(bank, at);
} else if (space == sp_spm) {
// An SPM command is the whole of what this loader can do
// that doing again will not undo, and it is one byte — so
// it rides the count field, inside the seal, rather than
// arriving as data after the seal has been checked. Which
// is also what makes a deliberate lock-bit write
// expressible, where refusing it outright did not.
commit(bank, at, count);
} else {
do { do {
// Read and write are one letter apart in case, so the direction // Direction is one bit of the opcode, so the loop
// is a single bit and the loop picks it with a one-word skip. // picks it with a one-word skip.
if (command & 0x20) { if (command & op_write) {
store(space, bank, at, link::rx(), slot_high); store(space, at, link::rx());
tx_ack(); tx_ack();
} else } else
link::tx(load(space, bank, at)); link::tx(load(space, bank, at));
++at; ++at;
} while (--count); } while (--count);
break;
} }
default: // unknown bytes are ignored; the loop re-acks }
break;
} }
} }
} }
@@ -529,4 +676,7 @@ void fill_page(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
} // namespace } // namespace
} // namespace pureboot } // namespace pureboot
template struct avr::startup::entry<pureboot::run>; // stack::hardware: activation is reset-only, so the reset logic's own
// SP = RAMEND stands wherever the datasheet guarantees it (the classic
// megas still get the write); a 'J' entry runs on the caller's live stack.
template struct avr::startup::entry<pureboot::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;

607
pureboot/pureboot.py
View File

@@ -20,17 +20,26 @@ if os.name == "nt":
import ctypes import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes from ctypes import wintypes
else: else:
import array
import fcntl
import select import select
import termios import termios
PROMPT = b"+" PROMPT = b"+"
VERSION = 4 # this tool's own version — free to drift from a loader's # The refusal, from pureboot 9: the prompt inverted, so no single flipped bit
# The loader versions this tool speaks. A pureboot version implies its wire # turns "nothing happened" into "it did".
NAK = bytes((~PROMPT[0] & 0xFF,))
VERSION = 10 # this tool's own version — free to drift from a loader's
# The loader versions this tool can drive. A pureboot version implies its wire
# protocol, which carries no number of its own, so this window is where that # protocol, which carries no number of its own, so this window is where that
# map lives: every version so far speaks the same protocol, and one that # map lives: the tool keeps a decoder for every generation in it (1–4 speak
# changes it becomes the new floor here. # the per-memory commands, 5 the unified pair; 6 marks the OSCCAL-carrying
# builds and changes nothing on the wire; 8 the one-wire deployments, whose
# only host-side trace is the --one-wire echo discard; 9 seals every command
# and answers each seal before acting), and a version it has no decoder for
# moves the floor.
OLDEST_LOADER = 1 OLDEST_LOADER = 1
NEWEST_LOADER = 5 NEWEST_LOADER = 9
SLOT = 512 # the loader slot, on every chip SLOT = 512 # the loader slot, on every chip
RETRIES = 3 # rewrites of a page that reads back wrong, before the run stops RETRIES = 3 # rewrites of a page that reads back wrong, before the run stops
@@ -38,9 +47,49 @@ RETRIES = 3 # rewrites of a page that reads back wrong, before the run stops
# 'g' writes, each taking a selector byte, a 16-bit address and a count, over # 'g' writes, each taking a selector byte, a 16-bit address and a count, over
# the spaces below. The loader carries one transfer loop instead of four bodies # the spaces below. The loader carries one transfer loop instead of four bodies
# — which is what buys the data space and the host-issued SPM operations. # — which is what buys the data space and the host-issued SPM operations.
# 6 marks the builds that may carry a baked OSCCAL trim, nothing on the wire;
# 7 gives 'J' a selector byte (older loaders take the bare address — jump()
# sends each form to the version that speaks it) and re-homes the autobaud
# unit into the GPIOR pair where the chip has one; 8 marks the builds whose
# deployment may be one-wire (hardware half-duplex, or a software link folded
# onto one pin) — nothing on the wire either, but a shared line makes the
# host read its own bytes back, which is what --one-wire consumes.
UNIFIED_LOADER = 5 UNIFIED_LOADER = 5
SP_FLASH, SP_EEPROM, SP_RAM, SP_FUSE, SP_SPM = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 SP_FLASH, SP_EEPROM, SP_RAM, SP_FUSE, SP_SPM = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
# pureboot 9 replaces the command letters with bits and seals every command.
# The header is one shape for all of them — opcode, selector, address, count,
# seal — and the loader answers the seal *before* it acts: PROMPT accepts, NAK
# refuses and nothing happened. That verdict is what lets a refusal stay local
# to its own command: the payload of a fill or a write burst only goes out
# after the header has been accepted, so a rejected header never leaves the
# host pushing bytes into a loader that has gone back to reading commands.
#
# A transfer is the absence of the other three opcodes, and its direction is
# the low bit. Identify is bit 5 because both knock bytes carry it: 'b' has to
# still ask the version (the host cannot know which generation it is talking to
# until something answers), and 'p' has to stay harmless against a loader
# already in session — pureboot 9 reserves no invalid opcode, so a knock that
# meant nothing before would otherwise eat the five bytes behind it.
SEALED_LOADER = 9
OP_WRITE, OP_FILL, OP_JUMP, OP_IDENTIFY = 1, 4, 8, 0x20
# What a sealed header's fields must fold to. Non-zero, so a run of one
# repeated byte — a stuck line, a page of erased flash read as a header —
# cannot satisfy it.
SEAL = 0x5A
# An SPM command carries its SPMCSR byte in the count field, where the seal
# covers it. There is no data phase: a byte after the header would arrive after
# the seal had already been checked, which is the hole the seal exists to close.
# An autobaud loader keeps its measured bit period readable, encoded as
# delay-loop counts: (bit cycles − UNIT_DISCOUNT) / UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES,
# floored — the spin granule and per-bit overhead of libavr's software UART.
# v5/v6 keep it at ram_start; v7 moves it into GPIOR2:GPIOR1 on the chips
# that have the pair (their data addresses are in the geometry) and keeps
# ram_start only where they do not exist. --info undoes the encoding to
# report the true clock, which therefore sits within one granule below it.
UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES, UNIT_DISCOUNT = 4, 8
# A selector's high nibble is the flash bank — the address bits above the 16-bit # A selector's high nibble is the flash bank — the address bits above the 16-bit
# wire address — so a transfer names a byte address within one 64 KiB bank and # wire address — so a transfer names a byte address within one 64 KiB bank and
# no command has to speak word addresses. No single transfer may cross a bank # no command has to speak word addresses. No single transfer may cross a bank
@@ -66,31 +115,40 @@ CALIBRATE = 0xC0
# from its chip database at build time). Die revisions that share a signature # from its chip database at build time). Die revisions that share a signature
# share this row, as they share the silicon. # share this row, as they share the silicon.
CHIP_GEOMETRY = { CHIP_GEOMETRY = {
# signature : (flash, page, eeprom, patch_vector) # signature : (flash, page, eeprom, patch_vector, ram_start, gpior1)
(0x1E, 0x90, 0x07): (1024, 32, 64, True), # ATtiny13/13A # ram_start is where SRAM begins in data space: the classic megas and the
(0x1E, 0x91, 0x08): (2048, 32, 128, True), # ATtiny25 # tinies keep it right after the plain I/O registers (0x60), the x8/x4
(0x1E, 0x92, 0x06): (4096, 64, 256, True), # ATtiny45 # generations past their extended I/O file (0x100). gpior1 is GPIOR1's
(0x1E, 0x93, 0x0B): (8192, 64, 512, True), # ATtiny85 # data address — 0x32 on the t25/45/85, 0x4A from the x8 generation on,
(0x1E, 0x92, 0x05): (4096, 64, 256, True), # ATmega48/48A # None where the chip has no pair (t13, classic megas). A v7 autobaud
(0x1E, 0x92, 0x0A): (4096, 64, 256, True), # ATmega48P/48PA # loader's measured bit period lives in GPIOR2:GPIOR1 where they exist
(0x1E, 0x93, 0x07): (8192, 64, 512, False), # ATmega8/8A # and at exactly ram_start elsewhere (its only RAM object; the loader's
(0x1E, 0x93, 0x0A): (8192, 64, 512, False), # ATmega88/88A # own build pins the layout); v5/v6 always used ram_start. --info reads
(0x1E, 0x93, 0x0F): (8192, 64, 512, False), # ATmega88P/88PA # whichever home the answering version implies.
(0x1E, 0x94, 0x03): (16384, 128, 512, False), # ATmega16/16A (0x1E, 0x90, 0x07): (1024, 32, 64, True, 0x60, None), # ATtiny13/13A
(0x1E, 0x94, 0x06): (16384, 128, 512, False), # ATmega168/168A (0x1E, 0x91, 0x08): (2048, 32, 128, True, 0x60, 0x32), # ATtiny25
(0x1E, 0x94, 0x0B): (16384, 128, 512, False), # ATmega168P/168PA (0x1E, 0x92, 0x06): (4096, 64, 256, True, 0x60, 0x32), # ATtiny45
(0x1E, 0x94, 0x0A): (16384, 128, 512, False), # ATmega164P/164PA (0x1E, 0x93, 0x0B): (8192, 64, 512, True, 0x60, 0x32), # ATtiny85
(0x1E, 0x94, 0x0F): (16384, 128, 512, False), # ATmega164A (0x1E, 0x92, 0x05): (4096, 64, 256, True, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega48/48A
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x02): (32768, 128, 1024, False), # ATmega32/32A (0x1E, 0x92, 0x0A): (4096, 64, 256, True, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega48P/48PA
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F): (32768, 128, 1024, False), # ATmega328P (0x1E, 0x93, 0x07): (8192, 64, 512, False, 0x60, None), # ATmega8/8A
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x14): (32768, 128, 1024, False), # ATmega328 (0x1E, 0x93, 0x0A): (8192, 64, 512, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega88/88A
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x08): (32768, 128, 1024, False), # ATmega324P (0x1E, 0x93, 0x0F): (8192, 64, 512, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega88P/88PA
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x11): (32768, 128, 1024, False), # ATmega324PA (0x1E, 0x94, 0x03): (16384, 128, 512, False, 0x60, None), # ATmega16/16A
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x15): (32768, 128, 1024, False), # ATmega324A (0x1E, 0x94, 0x06): (16384, 128, 512, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega168/168A
(0x1E, 0x96, 0x09): (65536, 256, 2048, False), # ATmega644/644A (0x1E, 0x94, 0x0B): (16384, 128, 512, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega168P/168PA
(0x1E, 0x96, 0x0A): (65536, 256, 2048, False), # ATmega644P/644PA (0x1E, 0x94, 0x0A): (16384, 128, 512, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega164P/164PA
(0x1E, 0x97, 0x05): (131072, 256, 4096, False),# ATmega1284P (0x1E, 0x94, 0x0F): (16384, 128, 512, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega164A
(0x1E, 0x97, 0x06): (131072, 256, 4096, False),# ATmega1284 (0x1E, 0x95, 0x02): (32768, 128, 1024, False, 0x60, None), # ATmega32/32A
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F): (32768, 128, 1024, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega328P
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x14): (32768, 128, 1024, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega328
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x08): (32768, 128, 1024, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega324P
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x11): (32768, 128, 1024, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega324PA
(0x1E, 0x95, 0x15): (32768, 128, 1024, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega324A
(0x1E, 0x96, 0x09): (65536, 256, 2048, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega644/644A
(0x1E, 0x96, 0x0A): (65536, 256, 2048, False, 0x100, 0x4A), # ATmega644P/644PA
(0x1E, 0x97, 0x05): (131072, 256, 4096, False, 0x100, 0x4A),# ATmega1284P
(0x1E, 0x97, 0x06): (131072, 256, 4096, False, 0x100, 0x4A),# ATmega1284
} }
VERBOSE = False VERBOSE = False
@@ -144,23 +202,60 @@ class Progress:
class PosixPort: class PosixPort:
"""A raw serial port with deadline-based reads, over termios.""" """A raw serial port with deadline-based reads, over termios. A rate with
no B-constant — the off-nominal probes `--scan` walks — goes through
Linux's termios2 BOTHER; a platform without that ioctl refuses the rate
by name."""
# The termios2 ioctl pair and cflag bits, and the struct's ispeed/ospeed
# word offsets: four flag words, then a line-discipline byte and 19
# control chars padded to word 9 (include/uapi/asm-generic/termbits.h).
_TCGETS2, _TCSETS2 = 0x802C542A, 0x402C542B
_BOTHER, _CBAUD = 0o010000, 0o010017
_ISPEED, _OSPEED = 9, 10
@staticmethod
def _speed(baud):
return getattr(termios, f"B{baud}", None)
def _set_arbitrary(self, baud):
buf = array.array("i", [0] * (self._OSPEED + 1))
try:
fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, self._TCGETS2, buf, True)
buf[2] = (buf[2] & ~self._CBAUD) | self._BOTHER
buf[self._ISPEED] = buf[self._OSPEED] = baud
fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, self._TCSETS2, buf)
except OSError:
raise Error(f"this platform cannot set {baud} Bd (no termios2)") from None
def _apply_baud(self, attrs, baud):
speed = self._speed(baud)
attrs[4] = attrs[5] = speed if speed is not None else termios.B38400
termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSANOW, attrs)
if speed is None:
self._set_arbitrary(baud)
self.baud = baud
def __init__(self, path, baud): def __init__(self, path, baud):
self.fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDWR | os.O_NOCTTY) self.fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDWR | os.O_NOCTTY)
try:
attrs = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd) attrs = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
attrs[0] = 0 # iflag attrs[0] = 0 # iflag
attrs[1] = 0 # oflag attrs[1] = 0 # oflag
attrs[2] = termios.CREAD | termios.CLOCAL | termios.CS8 # cflag attrs[2] = termios.CREAD | termios.CLOCAL | termios.CS8 # cflag
attrs[3] = 0 # lflag attrs[3] = 0 # lflag
try:
speed = getattr(termios, f"B{baud}")
except AttributeError:
raise Error(f"unsupported baud rate {baud}") from None
attrs[4] = attrs[5] = speed
attrs[6][termios.VMIN] = 0 attrs[6][termios.VMIN] = 0
attrs[6][termios.VTIME] = 0 attrs[6][termios.VTIME] = 0
termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSANOW, attrs) self._apply_baud(attrs, baud)
except BaseException:
os.close(self.fd)
raise
def set_baud(self, baud):
"""Retune the port without closing it — the fd stays open, so no DTR
pulse and no reset. That matters: the only caller is mid-session with a
loader copy that a reset would throw away."""
self._apply_baud(termios.tcgetattr(self.fd), baud)
def close(self): def close(self):
os.close(self.fd) os.close(self.fd)
@@ -289,6 +384,7 @@ if os.name == "nt":
# timeout would otherwise stay at the driver's default — which # timeout would otherwise stay at the driver's default — which
# may be "wait forever" — until the first read. # may be "wait forever" — until the first read.
self._deadline(_GAP_MS, 1000) self._deadline(_GAP_MS, 1000)
self.baud = baud
except Error: except Error:
# An open port outlives the exception otherwise, and a COM # An open port outlives the exception otherwise, and a COM
# handle is exclusive: the next attempt would meet its own # handle is exclusive: the next attempt would meet its own
@@ -296,6 +392,21 @@ if os.name == "nt":
self.close() self.close()
raise raise
def set_baud(self, baud):
"""Retune the port on its live handle — SetCommState only, so the
handle is never reopened and DTR never drops. That matters: the only
caller is mid-session with a loader copy a reset would throw away."""
if baud < 50:
raise Error(f"unsupported baud rate {baud}")
dcb = _DCB()
dcb.DCBlength = ctypes.sizeof(_DCB)
if not _k32.GetCommState(self.handle, ctypes.byref(dcb)):
_fail("cannot read the port state")
dcb.BaudRate = baud
if not _k32.SetCommState(self.handle, ctypes.byref(dcb)):
_fail(f"cannot retune the port to {baud} baud")
self.baud = baud
def close(self): def close(self):
_k32.CloseHandle(self.handle) _k32.CloseHandle(self.handle)
@@ -354,6 +465,99 @@ if os.name == "nt":
Port = WindowsPort if os.name == "nt" else PosixPort Port = WindowsPort if os.name == "nt" else PosixPort
class OneWirePort:
"""The host side of a shared line (--one-wire): an FTDI-style adapter on
a one-wire link reads back every byte it transmits — its RX is tied to
its own TX through the line. Consume that echo at each write and verify
it, which doubles as a wiring check: an echo that never comes is an RX
not on the line, and is reported as itself instead of decoding as a
device reply.
The device's reply may interleave with the echo of a multi-byte write —
a loader already in session re-prompts after the knock's first byte
while the second is still queued behind that reply — so the echo is
matched byte for byte and anything else arriving in between is device
traffic, held for the next read."""
def __init__(self, port):
self._port = port
self._pending = b""
self.lost_echoes = 0
def __getattr__(self, name):
return getattr(self._port, name)
def write(self, data, blind=False):
"""Put `data` on the line and consume its echo.
`blind` marks the protocol's one multi-byte write with no ack between
its bytes — the knock. Aimed at a loader already in session, its first
byte draws a prompt while the second is still going out, and on real
wiring the device's push-pull ack **wins the line** against the host's
1 k series resistor: that second byte is *destroyed, not delayed*, and
its echo never comes. Measured on an ATtiny13A at 57600 — the loader
answers a single byte perfectly and loses the knock's second every
time. So on a blind write a missing echo is a property of the wiring
rather than a fault in it, and the caller's retry is what deals with
it. Every other write is ack-paced and cannot collide, so a missing
echo there really is an RX that is not on the line.
"""
data = bytes(data)
self._port.write(data)
# The echo arrives at line rate — 10 bits a byte — plus adapter
# latency; a generous floor keeps slow rates and USB scheduling out
# of the error path.
deadline = time.monotonic() + 10 * len(data) / self._port.baud + 0.5
remaining = data
while remaining and time.monotonic() < deadline:
# Speculative, so it cannot be read_exact, whose contract is to
# raise: doing that made the diagnosis below unreachable on every
# quiet line and surfaced a bare "timeout: got 0 of 1 bytes" in
# its place — the one message this class exists to replace.
for byte in self._port.read_available(0.02):
if remaining and byte == remaining[0]:
remaining = remaining[1:]
else:
self._pending += bytes((byte,))
if not remaining:
return
if not blind:
raise Error(f"one-wire echo missing after {len(data) - len(remaining)} of "
f"{len(data)} byte(s) — is the adapter's RX tied to the line?")
self.lost_echoes += len(remaining)
# Which loss this is matters, and the count says it. *Some* bytes lost is
# the device's ack winning the line against the host's series resistor —
# ordinary, and what the retry absorbs. *Every* byte lost is nothing
# coming back at all, which is a line that is not free: an application
# holding the shared pin low (this rig's LED demo ends that way), a
# wedge, or an RX that is not on the line. Same retry either way, but
# blaming an ack that never happened sends the reader to the wrong place.
if len(remaining) == len(data):
verbose(f"one-wire: none of {len(data)} byte(s) echoed — the line is not "
f"coming back. Held low by something? (a pin driven low, a wedge, "
f"or an RX not on the line)")
else:
verbose(f"one-wire: {len(remaining)} of {len(data)} knock byte(s) lost to the "
f"device's ack; retrying")
def write_blind(self, data):
self.write(data, blind=True)
def read_exact(self, count, timeout):
taken, self._pending = self._pending[:count], self._pending[count:]
if len(taken) == count:
return taken
return taken + self._port.read_exact(count - len(taken), timeout)
def read_available(self, wait):
taken, self._pending = self._pending, b""
return taken + self._port.read_available(0 if taken else wait)
def flush_input(self):
self._pending = b""
self._port.flush_input()
# -------------------------------------------------------------- protocol --- # -------------------------------------------------------------- protocol ---
@@ -372,8 +576,8 @@ class Info:
The base is where application flash ends, which is a property of the The base is where application flash ends, which is a property of the
chip and not of the copy answering: a loader staged one slot lower chip and not of the copy answering: a loader staged one slot lower
reports the same geometry the resident one does, exactly as the loaders reports the same geometry the resident one does, exactly as the loaders
that send a block do. Which slot a copy runs in matters only to its own that send a block do. Which slot a copy runs in is not something the
write guard, which is the loader's business.""" identity reports, and from pureboot 9 nothing on the device cares."""
if len(raw) != 4: if len(raw) != 4:
raise Error(f"bad identity reply: {raw.hex()}") raise Error(f"bad identity reply: {raw.hex()}")
version, signature = raw[0], tuple(raw[1:4]) version, signature = raw[0], tuple(raw[1:4])
@@ -381,7 +585,7 @@ class Info:
if geometry is None: if geometry is None:
sig = " ".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in signature) sig = " ".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in signature)
raise Error(f"unknown signature {sig} — this tool has no geometry for it") raise Error(f"unknown signature {sig} — this tool has no geometry for it")
flash, page, eeprom, patch = geometry flash, page, eeprom, patch, _, _ = geometry
base = flash - SLOT base = flash - SLOT
word_flash = flash > 0x10000 word_flash = flash > 0x10000
wire_base = base // 2 if word_flash else base wire_base = base // 2 if word_flash else base
@@ -417,6 +621,16 @@ class Info:
# The hand-over target as 'J' takes it: the trampoline below the # The hand-over target as 'J' takes it: the trampoline below the
# loader, or word 0 where BOOTRST re-vectors reset in hardware. # loader, or word 0 where BOOTRST re-vectors reset in hardware.
self.app_entry_word = (self.base - 2) // 2 if self.patch_vector else 0 self.app_entry_word = (self.base - 2) // 2 if self.patch_vector else 0
# Where SRAM begins, from the signature — None only for a chip this
# tool has no geometry row for, which the wire-block path (v1–4)
# permits where from_identity refuses.
geometry = CHIP_GEOMETRY.get(tuple(self.signature))
self.ram = geometry[4] if geometry else None
# Where this loader keeps the measured bit period (None when a fixed
# signature row is missing): the GPIOR pair from v7 where the chip
# has one, ram_start before that and everywhere without the pair.
gpior1 = geometry[5] if geometry else None
self.unit_home = gpior1 if self.version >= 7 and gpior1 is not None else self.ram
def describe(self): def describe(self):
sig = " ".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in self.signature) sig = " ".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in self.signature)
@@ -457,17 +671,44 @@ class Loader:
# Set once a session is established over an autobaud link, so a # Set once a session is established over an autobaud link, so a
# re-entry after 'J' repeats the handshake that worked. # re-entry after 'J' repeats the handshake that worked.
self.autobaud = False self.autobaud = False
# The pre-knock drain runs once per port: the bytes it exists for are
# leftovers from before this process opened the port. Re-knocks later
# in the same session must not pay it — a fresh activation window is
# already burning while they wait.
self._line_drained = False
# The link this session is speaking. It moves when the host follows a
# staging copy built for another one (enter_copy).
self.baud = getattr(port, "baud", None)
self._link_declared = False
def _read_identity(self): def _read_identity(self):
"""The 'b' reply, in either of the two layouts a loader may send. """The 'b' reply, in either of the two layouts a loader may send.
pureboot 5 answers with its version and the signature; older loaders pureboot 5 answers with its version and the signature; older loaders
answer with a 12-byte block. The version byte cannot be mistaken for answer with a 12-byte block. The version byte cannot be mistaken for
the older block's 'P', so four bytes are enough to tell them apart.""" the older block's 'P', so four bytes are enough to tell them apart.
head = self.port.read_exact(4, 2.0)
The timeout is short on purpose: a real answer follows the prompt
within a frame time or two, so half a second is dozens of times the
worst case — while a *false* prompt match (a stale byte, reset
garbage) makes this read collect noise, and every second spent on it
comes out of the activation window the retry needs."""
head = self.port.read_exact(4, 0.5)
if head[0:2] == b"PB": if head[0:2] == b"PB":
return Info(head + self.port.read_exact(8, 2.0)) return Info(head + self.port.read_exact(8, 0.5))
return Info.from_identity(head) return Info.from_identity(head)
def identity(self):
"""Ask a live session who it is.
The identity command takes no argument and changes nothing, which makes
it the one question whose answer is known in advance — so it doubles as
the host's check that the stream is still in step, and as the byte a
lost host resynchronises on."""
self.port.write(b"b")
answer = self._read_identity()
self._expect_prompt()
return answer
def _handshake(self, wait, knock, what): def _handshake(self, wait, knock, what):
"""One activation, retried until the loader answers or the window """One activation, retried until the loader answers or the window
closes. The identity reply is what proves the loader is listening — a closes. The identity reply is what proves the loader is listening — a
@@ -476,16 +717,44 @@ class Loader:
into a fresh window, where a command without its knock is discarded. into a fresh window, where a command without its knock is discarded.
Each attempt is therefore the whole handshake. This also converges into Each attempt is therefore the whole handshake. This also converges into
an already-live session: the knock bytes are ignored there and the an already-live session: the knock bytes are ignored there and the
drain absorbs whatever they produced.""" drain absorbs whatever they produced.
Before the port's first knock ever, the line is drained until quiet: a
prompt from a previous session (`--stay`) can still be in the USB
pipeline when the port opens, where a flush cannot clear what has not
arrived yet — and on a board that resets when its port opens, trusting
that stale byte would spend the fresh activation window reading noise
from a device that never heard the knock. Once only, and bounded:
later re-knocks in this session face no foreign leftovers, and their
own window is already burning."""
deadline = time.monotonic() + wait deadline = time.monotonic() + wait
if not self._line_drained:
self._line_drained = True
drain = time.monotonic() + 0.25
while self.port.read_available(0.05):
if time.monotonic() > drain:
break
knocks = 0 knocks = 0
refusal = None
# The knock is the only write in the protocol with no ack between its
# bytes, so on a shared line it is the only one whose echo may
# legitimately not come back — the device's ack collides with it and
# wins (OneWirePort.write). Losing a byte here is what the retry below
# is for; raising instead aborted the loop before it ever ran, which on
# real wiring made every reconnect into a live session fail.
knock_out = getattr(self.port, "write_blind", self.port.write)
while True: while True:
self.port.flush_input() self.port.flush_input()
self.port.write(knock) knock_out(knock)
knocks += 1 knocks += 1
if PROMPT in self.port.read_available(0.4): if PROMPT in self.port.read_available(0.4):
# Settle: absorb a real loader's trailing bytes before asking
# for the identity. Bounded by the deadline so a target that
# never falls quiet — a board stuck in a reset loop, whose
# garbage carries a stray prompt — cannot spin here forever.
while self.port.read_available(0.3): while self.port.read_available(0.3):
pass if time.monotonic() > deadline:
break
self.port.write(b"b") self.port.write(b"b")
try: try:
# A version the tool cannot speak is the loader's own # A version the tool cannot speak is the loader's own
@@ -495,12 +764,18 @@ class Loader:
except Error as failed: except Error as failed:
if "pureboot" in str(failed): if "pureboot" in str(failed):
raise raise
# A malformed or unknown identity is retried as noise, but
# it was an answer: if nothing better ever arrives, naming
# it beats reporting silence.
refusal = failed
self.info = None self.info = None
if self.info is not None: if self.info is not None:
self._expect_prompt() self._expect_prompt()
verbose(f"loader answered {what} {knocks}; identity read") verbose(f"loader answered {what} {knocks}; identity read")
return self.info return self.info
if time.monotonic() > deadline: if time.monotonic() > deadline:
if refusal is not None:
raise Error(f"no usable answer — the last identity reply failed: {refusal}")
raise Error("no answer — reset the device within its activation window") raise Error("no answer — reset the device within its activation window")
def connect(self, wait): def connect(self, wait):
@@ -523,6 +798,32 @@ class Loader:
if byte != PROMPT: if byte != PROMPT:
raise Error(f"expected prompt, got {byte.hex()}") raise Error(f"expected prompt, got {byte.hex()}")
@property
def sealed(self):
"""pureboot 9 and later: bit opcodes, a sealed header, and a verdict
on that seal before the command runs."""
return self.info is not None and self.info.version >= SEALED_LOADER
def _header(self, op, space, address, count, timeout=2.0):
"""Send a sealed header and take the loader's verdict on it.
Returning normally means the loader has accepted the command and not
yet done it — which is the whole point of the verdict, and why the
payload of a fill or a write burst is sent only after this returns."""
head = bytes((op, selector(space, address), address & 0xFF, (address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
seal = SEAL
for byte in head:
seal ^= byte
self.port.write(head + bytes((seal,)))
answer = self.port.read_exact(1, timeout)
if answer == NAK:
raise Error(
f"the loader refused the command (opcode {op:#04x}, {address:#06x}): the "
f"seal did not match, so nothing was done — the link mangled the header"
)
if answer != PROMPT:
raise Error(f"expected a verdict on the seal, got {answer.hex()}")
def _command(self, tx, reply_len=0, timeout=2.0): def _command(self, tx, reply_len=0, timeout=2.0):
self.port.write(tx) self.port.write(tx)
reply = self.port.read_exact(reply_len, timeout) if reply_len else b"" reply = self.port.read_exact(reply_len, timeout) if reply_len else b""
@@ -550,6 +851,11 @@ class Loader:
data = b"" data = b""
while count: while count:
chunk = min(count, 256, 0x10000 - (address & 0xFFFF)) chunk = min(count, 256, 0x10000 - (address & 0xFFFF))
if self.sealed:
self._header(0, space, address, chunk, 5.0)
data += self.port.read_exact(chunk, 5.0)
self._expect_prompt(5.0)
else:
head = bytes((ord("G"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF, head = bytes((ord("G"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
(address >> 8) & 0xFF, chunk & 0xFF)) (address >> 8) & 0xFF, chunk & 0xFF))
data += self._command(head, chunk, 5.0) data += self._command(head, chunk, 5.0)
@@ -564,9 +870,11 @@ class Loader:
offset = 0 offset = 0
while offset < len(data): while offset < len(data):
chunk = data[offset : offset + min(256, 0x10000 - (address & 0xFFFF))] chunk = data[offset : offset + min(256, 0x10000 - (address & 0xFFFF))]
head = bytes((ord("g"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF, if self.sealed:
(address >> 8) & 0xFF, len(chunk) & 0xFF)) self._header(OP_WRITE, space, address, len(chunk))
self.port.write(head) else:
self.port.write(bytes((ord("g"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
(address >> 8) & 0xFF, len(chunk) & 0xFF)))
for byte in chunk: for byte in chunk:
self.port.write(bytes((byte,))) self.port.write(bytes((byte,)))
self._expect_prompt() self._expect_prompt()
@@ -578,7 +886,16 @@ class Loader:
def spm(self, operation, address): def spm(self, operation, address):
"""One SPM operation at a flash address — the erase, write and RWW """One SPM operation at a flash address — the erase, write and RWW
re-enable that pureboot 4 ran inside 'W' and pureboot 5 leaves here.""" re-enable that pureboot 4 ran inside 'W' and pureboot 5 leaves here.
From pureboot 9 the operation rides the header's count field instead of
arriving as data behind it, which is what puts it inside the seal: the
loader will not hand a byte to SPMCSR that the host did not seal, and
the verdict says whether it did."""
if self.sealed:
self._header(OP_WRITE, SP_SPM, address, operation, 5.0)
self._expect_prompt(5.0)
return
self._write_space(SP_SPM, address, bytes((operation,))) self._write_space(SP_SPM, address, bytes((operation,)))
def read_ram(self, address, count): def read_ram(self, address, count):
@@ -616,10 +933,20 @@ class Loader:
def write_page(self, address, data): def write_page(self, address, data):
assert len(data) == self.info.page and address % self.info.page == 0 assert len(data) == self.info.page and address % self.info.page == 0
if self.unified: if self.unified:
# 'W' fills the page buffer and stops there; the erase and the write # The fill loads the page buffer and stops there; the erase and the
# are host-issued SPM operations. Only a chip with a boot section # write are host-issued SPM operations. Only a chip with a boot
# has RWW to re-enable — on the others bit 4 of SPMCSR means # section has RWW to re-enable — on the others bit 4 of SPMCSR
# something else entirely, so it must not be sent. # means something else entirely, so it must not be sent.
if self.sealed:
# The page goes out only once the header is accepted. It is the
# protocol's one unacked burst, so a header refused after the
# host had already started sending it would leave the page
# being read as commands — which is exactly what the verdict
# is placed here to prevent.
self._header(OP_FILL, SP_FLASH, address, len(data) & 0xFF)
self.port.write(data)
self._expect_prompt(2.0)
else:
head = bytes((ord("W"), selector(SP_FLASH, address), address & 0xFF, (address >> 8) & 0xFF)) head = bytes((ord("W"), selector(SP_FLASH, address), address & 0xFF, (address >> 8) & 0xFF))
self._command(head + data, 0, 2.0) self._command(head + data, 0, 2.0)
self.spm(SPM_ERASE, address) self.spm(SPM_ERASE, address)
@@ -655,16 +982,55 @@ class Loader:
return self._command(b"F", 4, 2.0) return self._command(b"F", 4, 2.0)
def jump(self, word_address): def jump(self, word_address):
"""The device acks, then execution continues at the word address.""" """The device acks, then execution continues at the word address.
From v7 the jump rides the unified decode, so it carries a selector
byte the loader ignores; older loaders take the bare address. From v9
the ack is the verdict on its seal — a jump to a mangled address is a
jump into arbitrary code, so it is sealed like everything else."""
if self.sealed:
self._header(OP_JUMP, 0, word_address, 0)
return
if self.info.version >= 7:
self.port.write(bytes((ord("J"), 0, word_address & 0xFF, word_address >> 8)))
else:
self.port.write(bytes((ord("J"), word_address & 0xFF, word_address >> 8))) self.port.write(bytes((ord("J"), word_address & 0xFF, word_address >> 8)))
self._expect_prompt() self._expect_prompt()
def enter_copy(self, byte_address, wait): def enter_copy(self, byte_address, wait, link=None):
"""Jump into the loader copy at `byte_address` and knock it — a slot """Jump into the loader copy at `byte_address` and knock it — a slot
base is that copy's entry stub, so it can only land there.""" base is that copy's entry stub, so it can only land there.
autobaud = self.autobaud
`link` is that copy's own `(baud, autobaud)`, for when it is not this
session's. A staging copy *is* the new image, so it speaks the rate and
backend it was built for; the host has to be told which, because 512
bytes of position-independent code carry no header to read it from.
Retuning goes through the open port, so no DTR pulse resets the copy that
is now running — and the session keeps the new link afterwards, since
every later jump lands in the same image.
"""
baud, autobaud = link if link is not None else (self.baud, self.autobaud)
if link is not None:
self._link_declared = True
self.jump(byte_address // 2) self.jump(byte_address // 2)
if baud is not None and baud != self.baud:
self.port.set_baud(baud)
self.baud = baud
self.autobaud = autobaud
try:
return self.connect_autobaud(wait) if autobaud else self.connect(wait) return self.connect_autobaud(wait) if autobaud else self.connect(wait)
except Error as unheard:
if self._link_declared:
raise
# The bare activation timeout sends the operator to look at wiring,
# while on a patched-vector part the application region is already
# gone. Name the one cause that fits: the copy answers on its own
# link, not the resident's.
raise Error(
f"the copy at {byte_address:#06x} did not answer on this session's "
f"link ({baud} Bd, {'autobaud' if autobaud else 'fixed baud'}). An "
f"image built for another baud or backend speaks that one instead — "
f"say which with --staged-baud / --staged-autobaud"
) from unheard
def run_application(self): def run_application(self):
self.jump(self.info.app_entry_word) self.jump(self.info.app_entry_word)
@@ -1012,10 +1378,16 @@ def patch_word0(loader, page0, target_base):
return bytes(patched) return bytes(patched)
def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes): def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes, staged_link=None):
"""Replace the resident loader with `path`, using the loader as its own """Replace the resident loader with `path`, using the loader as its own
staging loader. Every phase is idempotent and keyed off the flash state, staging loader. Every phase is idempotent and keyed off the flash state,
so a re-run resumes; the state file carries what the staging slot held.""" so a re-run resumes; the state file carries what the staging slot held.
`staged_link` is the new image's own `(baud, autobaud)` where it differs from
this session's — the copies the host enters *are* that image, so they answer
on its link and not the resident's. Note what this does to the idempotence
above: once the staging copy is installed, the resumable state is only
reachable on the new link, so a re-run has to name it too."""
info = loader.info info = loader.info
image = loader_image(path) image = loader_image(path)
for warning in update_preflight(image, info, fuse_bytes): for warning in update_preflight(image, info, fuse_bytes):
@@ -1034,7 +1406,7 @@ def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes):
state.load_or_save(loader) state.load_or_save(loader)
# A loader already sitting whole in the staging slot IS the staging copy: # A loader already sitting whole in the staging slot IS the staging copy:
# rewriting it would only meet its own running-slot guard. Any pureboot # rewriting it in place would be a copy overwriting itself as it runs. Any pureboot
# with the device's info block serves, since a staged copy only streams # with the device's info block serves, since a staged copy only streams
# pages. "Whole" needs both checks — the block where every image carries # pages. "Whole" needs both checks — the block where every image carries
# it and matching byte for byte, and the slot unchanged since this update # it and matching byte for byte, and the slot unchanged since this update
@@ -1060,7 +1432,7 @@ def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes):
# routes through the resident, word 0 is re-aimed at the staging copy for # routes through the resident, word 0 is re-aimed at the staging copy for
# the rewrite, so a power loss mid-rewrite still resets into a loader. # the rewrite, so a power loss mid-rewrite still resets into a loader.
verbose(f"entering the staging copy at {info.stage:#06x}") verbose(f"entering the staging copy at {info.stage:#06x}")
loader.enter_copy(info.stage, wait) loader.enter_copy(info.stage, wait, link=staged_link)
redirect = info.patch_vector and info.stage != 0 redirect = info.patch_vector and info.stage != 0
if redirect: if redirect:
verbose("word 0 re-aimed at the staging copy for the rewrite") verbose("word 0 re-aimed at the staging copy for the rewrite")
@@ -1278,6 +1650,65 @@ def op_fuses(loader):
return fuse_bytes return fuse_bytes
def scan_ratios():
"""The probe walk, in percent of the built rate: the built rate itself
first, then ±10 % in 2 % steps nearest-first — a drifted oscillator near
its trim is the common case, and each probe costs a reset."""
return [0] + [sign * step for step in (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) for sign in (-1, 1)]
def scan_rate(baud, pct):
return round(baud * (100 + pct) / 100)
def scan_report(baud, pct, version, clock=None):
"""The findings, one per line: the found rate is the session workaround,
its ratio to the built rate is the oscillator's offset, and the fixes are
the OSCCAL bake (≈1 %/step, opposing the drift) or the autobaud build."""
rate = scan_rate(baud, pct)
lines = [f"scan: answered at {rate} Bd ({pct:+d} % of the built rate) — pureboot {version}",
f" session --baud {rate}"]
if clock:
lines.append(f" clock ~{clock * (100 + pct) // 100} Hz (built for {clock})")
if pct:
direction = "lower" if pct > 0 else "higher"
lines.append(f" fix rebuild with OSCCAL ~{abs(pct)} steps {direction} (~1 %/step), "
"or the autobaud build")
else:
lines.append(" fix none — the built rate answers; check the earlier wiring instead")
return lines
def op_scan(port_path, baud, wait, clock=None, one_wire=False):
"""A fixed-baud loader whose oscillator drifted still answers — at the
drifted ratio, since its rate scales with its clock. One probe per
activation window, and with an application resident the window opens
exactly once per reset, so each probe announces itself and expects a
fresh reset before knocking. On a shared line the probes echo back like
everything else; undiscarded they would answer every rate."""
for pct in scan_ratios():
rate = scan_rate(baud, pct)
print(f"scan: {rate} Bd ({pct:+d} %) — reset the target", flush=True)
try:
port = Port(port_path, rate)
except Error as unmakeable:
print(f"scan: {rate} Bd skipped — {unmakeable}")
continue
if one_wire:
port = OneWirePort(port)
try:
info = Loader(port).connect(wait)
except Error:
continue
finally:
port.close()
for line in scan_report(baud, pct, info.version, clock):
print(line)
return
raise Error("no answer within ±10 % of the built rate — check the wiring, or deploy the "
"autobaud build, which has no rate to miss (README.md)")
# -------------------------------------------------------------------- cli --- # -------------------------------------------------------------------- cli ---
@@ -1290,13 +1721,31 @@ def main():
parser.add_argument("--port", required=True, help="serial device: COM6, /dev/ttyUSB0, or a simavr pty") parser.add_argument("--port", required=True, help="serial device: COM6, /dev/ttyUSB0, or a simavr pty")
parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=115200, help="115200 mega, 57600 tinies") parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=115200, help="115200 mega, 57600 tinies")
parser.add_argument("--wait", type=float, default=30.0, help="seconds to keep knocking") parser.add_argument("--wait", type=float, default=30.0, help="seconds to keep knocking")
parser.add_argument("--one-wire", action="store_true",
help="the link is a shared line: read back and discard this tool's own "
"echoed bytes (any backend of a one-wire deployment)")
parser.add_argument("--autobaud", action="store_true", parser.add_argument("--autobaud", action="store_true",
help="drive an autobaud loader: send the 0xC0 calibration pulse and a single " help="drive an autobaud loader: send the 0xC0 calibration pulse and a single "
"knock, and take geometry from the signature (no clock/baud baked in)") "knock, and take geometry from the signature (no clock/baud baked in)")
parser.add_argument("--scan", action="store_true",
help="walk ±10%% around --baud for a fixed-baud loader gone silent — one "
"reset per probe, standalone (README.md: deployment)")
parser.add_argument("--clock", type=int, metavar="HZ",
help="the clock the loader was built for — lets --scan and an autobaud "
"--info state drift in absolute terms")
parser.add_argument("--info", action="store_true", help="print the device info block") parser.add_argument("--info", action="store_true", help="print the device info block")
parser.add_argument("--fuses", action="store_true", help="read the fuse and lock bytes") parser.add_argument("--fuses", action="store_true", help="read the fuse and lock bytes")
parser.add_argument("--update-loader", metavar="FILE", help="replace the loader with this pureboot binary") parser.add_argument("--update-loader", metavar="FILE", help="replace the loader with this pureboot binary")
parser.add_argument("--state", metavar="FILE", help="update state file (default: FILE.pbstate)") parser.add_argument("--state", metavar="FILE", help="update state file (default: FILE.pbstate)")
# The update enters the staging copy, which is the new image and so speaks
# the link *it* was built for. Nothing in the image says which, so where it
# differs from this session's these name it and the host follows.
parser.add_argument("--staged-baud", metavar="BD", type=int,
help="the baud the --update-loader image was built for, where it "
"differs from --baud")
parser.add_argument("--staged-autobaud", action=argparse.BooleanOptionalAction, default=None,
help="whether that image is an autobaud build, where it differs "
"from --autobaud")
parser.add_argument("--assume-fuses", metavar="HEX8", help="fuse bytes low,lock,ext,high as 8 hex digits " parser.add_argument("--assume-fuses", metavar="HEX8", help="fuse bytes low,lock,ext,high as 8 hex digits "
"(overrides reading them — e.g. under a simulator that cannot)") "(overrides reading them — e.g. under a simulator that cannot)")
parser.add_argument("--erase-flash", action="store_true", help="0xff over the application flash") parser.add_argument("--erase-flash", action="store_true", help="0xff over the application flash")
@@ -1330,8 +1779,17 @@ def main():
except (ValueError, AssertionError): except (ValueError, AssertionError):
parser.error("--assume-fuses takes 8 hex digits: low,lock,extended,high") parser.error("--assume-fuses takes 8 hex digits: low,lock,extended,high")
if args.scan:
if args.autobaud:
parser.error("--scan probes fixed rates; an autobaud loader has none to miss")
op_scan(args.port, args.baud, args.wait, args.clock, args.one_wire)
return
port = Port(args.port, args.baud) port = Port(args.port, args.baud)
verbose(f"{args.port}: {args.baud} Bd 8N1, DTR/RTS asserted") if args.one_wire:
port = OneWirePort(port)
verbose(f"{args.port}: {args.baud} Bd 8N1, DTR/RTS asserted"
+ (", one-wire echo discarded" if args.one_wire else ""))
try: try:
loader = Loader(port) loader = Loader(port)
info = loader.connect_autobaud(args.wait) if args.autobaud else loader.connect(args.wait) info = loader.connect_autobaud(args.wait) if args.autobaud else loader.connect(args.wait)
@@ -1339,6 +1797,18 @@ def main():
print("device:") print("device:")
for line in info.lines(): for line in info.lines():
print(f" {line}") print(f" {line}")
if args.autobaud and info.unit_home is not None:
# The measured bit period, from wherever this version keeps it
# (unit_home); decoded and times the rate this session drives,
# that is the true clock — the number to hold an OSCCAL bake
# or a fixed-baud build against (README.md: deployment). The
# autobaud identity path refuses unknown signatures, so the
# home is always known here; the guard states that dependency.
unit = int.from_bytes(loader.read_ram(info.unit_home, 2), "little")
cycles = unit * UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES + UNIT_DISCOUNT
clock = cycles * args.baud
offset = f", {(clock / args.clock - 1) * 100:+.1f} % of {args.clock}" if args.clock else ""
print(f" measured {clock} Hz ({cycles} cycles/bit × {args.baud} Bd{offset})")
fuse_bytes = fuse_override fuse_bytes = fuse_override
if args.fuses or (args.update_loader and not info.patch_vector and fuse_bytes is None): if args.fuses or (args.update_loader and not info.patch_vector and fuse_bytes is None):
read = op_fuses(loader) read = op_fuses(loader)
@@ -1346,7 +1816,14 @@ def main():
fuse_bytes = read fuse_bytes = read
if args.update_loader: if args.update_loader:
state = args.state or args.update_loader + ".pbstate" state = args.state or args.update_loader + ".pbstate"
op_update_loader(loader, args.wait, args.update_loader, state, fuse_bytes) staged_link = None
if args.staged_baud is not None or args.staged_autobaud is not None:
staged_link = (
args.staged_baud if args.staged_baud is not None else args.baud,
args.staged_autobaud if args.staged_autobaud is not None else args.autobaud,
)
op_update_loader(loader, args.wait, args.update_loader, state, fuse_bytes,
staged_link)
if args.flash: if args.flash:
op_flash(loader, args.flash, args.erase_flash, not args.no_verify, fuse_bytes, args.force) op_flash(loader, args.flash, args.erase_flash, not args.no_verify, fuse_bytes, args.force)
elif args.erase_flash: elif args.erase_flash:
@@ -1379,7 +1856,7 @@ def main():
if __name__ == "__main__": if __name__ == "__main__":
try: try:
main() main()
except Error as error: except (Error, OSError) as error:
print(f"error: {error}", file=sys.stderr) print(f"error: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1) sys.exit(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt: except KeyboardInterrupt:

36
test/check_unit.cmake Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
# Asserts the autobaud loader's measured unit sits where the host will read
# it (--info's measured clock — the address is wire contract). Two homes: on
# a chip with the GPIOR pair the unit lives there and the image must carry no
# RAM word for it at all; elsewhere it is the first RAM object at SRAM start.
# Run as
# cmake -DOBJDUMP=... -DELF=... -DRAM_START=<data address> [-DGPIOR=<data address>]
# -P check_unit.cmake
execute_process(COMMAND ${OBJDUMP} -t ${ELF} OUTPUT_VARIABLE _syms RESULT_VARIABLE _res)
if(NOT _res EQUAL 0)
message(FATAL_ERROR "${OBJDUMP} -t ${ELF} failed")
endif()
# The symbol line: "00800100 l O .noinit 00000002 <mangled>unit_E".
string(REGEX MATCH "\n0*([0-9a-f]+)[^\n]+[ \t][^ \t\n]*unit_E\n" _line "${_syms}")
if(GPIOR)
if(_line)
message(FATAL_ERROR "unit_ RAM symbol present although the unit's home is GPIOR ${GPIOR} — "
"the host peeks the pair, and a RAM copy would be dead weight")
endif()
message(STATUS "no unit_ RAM object — the unit lives in the GPIOR pair at ${GPIOR}")
return()
endif()
if(NOT _line)
message(FATAL_ERROR "no unit_ symbol in ${ELF} — is this the autobaud loader?")
endif()
# AVR data-space symbols carry the 0x800000 VMA offset.
math(EXPR _want "0x800000 + ${RAM_START}" OUTPUT_FORMAT HEXADECIMAL)
math(EXPR _have "0x${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" OUTPUT_FORMAT HEXADECIMAL)
if(NOT _have STREQUAL _want)
message(FATAL_ERROR "unit_ sits at ${_have}, ram_start is ${_want} — the host peeks ram_start")
endif()
message(STATUS "unit_ at ${_have} == ram_start")

77
test/device.c → test/device.cpp
View File

@@ -7,77 +7,95 @@
// SPM genuinely writes avr->flash on the mega cores, so on exit (or SIGTERM) // SPM genuinely writes avr->flash on the mega cores, so on exit (or SIGTERM)
// we dump the flash image to a file for a ground-truth cross-check against // we dump the flash image to a file for a ground-truth cross-check against
// what the client read back through the bootloader. // what the client read back through the bootloader.
#include <signal.h> #include <csignal>
#include <stdint.h> #include <cstdint>
#include <stdio.h> #include <cstdio>
#include <stdlib.h> #include <cstdlib>
#include <string.h> #include <cstring>
#include <print>
#include <unistd.h> #include <unistd.h>
// The parts headers (uart_pty.h) carry no C++ linkage guards of their own,
// unlike simavr's core headers — the block covers both harmlessly.
extern "C" {
#include "avr_uart.h" #include "avr_uart.h"
#include "sim_avr.h" #include "sim_avr.h"
#include "sim_elf.h" #include "sim_elf.h"
#include "uart_pty.h" #include "uart_pty.h"
}
static avr_t *avr; namespace {
static uart_pty_t uart_pty;
static const char *dump_path;
static void finish(int sig) avr_t *avr;
uart_pty_t uart_pty;
const char *dump_path;
[[noreturn]] void finish(int)
{ {
(void)sig;
if (dump_path) { if (dump_path) {
FILE *f = fopen(dump_path, "wb"); std::FILE *f = std::fopen(dump_path, "wb");
if (f) { if (f) {
fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f); std::fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f);
fclose(f); std::fclose(f);
} }
} }
uart_pty_stop(&uart_pty); uart_pty_stop(&uart_pty);
_exit(0); _exit(0);
} }
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ {
if (argc < 3) { if (argc < 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <tsb.elf> <boot_base_hex> [flash_dump.bin]\n", argv[0]); std::println(stderr, "usage: {} <tsb.elf> <boot_base_hex> [flash_dump.bin]", argv[0]);
return 2; return 2;
} }
uint32_t boot_base = (uint32_t)strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 0); auto boot_base = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(std::strtoul(argv[2], nullptr, 0));
dump_path = argc >= 4 ? argv[3] : NULL; dump_path = argc >= 4 ? argv[3] : nullptr;
avr = avr_make_mcu_by_name("atmega328p"); avr = avr_make_mcu_by_name("atmega328p");
if (!avr) { if (!avr) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: no ATmega328P core\n"); std::println(stderr, "device: no ATmega328P core");
return 1; return 1;
} }
avr_init(avr); avr_init(avr);
avr->frequency = 16000000; avr->frequency = 16000000;
// Real flash powers up erased (0xff); the app region must look erased // Real flash powers up erased (0xff); the app region must look erased
// before the bootloader programs it. // before the bootloader programs it.
memset(avr->flash, 0xff, avr->flashend + 1); std::memset(avr->flash, 0xff, avr->flashend + 1);
// simavr's ELF loader flattens the flash base to 0 (it expects an app at // simavr's ELF loader flattens the flash base to 0 (it expects an app at
// 0x0), but it hands back the boot code in fw.flash; place it at the boot // 0x0), but it hands back the boot code in fw.flash; place it at the boot
// section base ourselves and enter there (BOOTRST is not modelled). // section base ourselves and enter there (BOOTRST is not modelled).
elf_firmware_t fw = {0}; elf_firmware_t fw{};
if (elf_read_firmware(argv[1], &fw) != 0) { if (elf_read_firmware(argv[1], &fw) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: cannot read %s\n", argv[1]); std::println(stderr, "device: cannot read {}", argv[1]);
return 1; return 1;
} }
memcpy(avr->flash + boot_base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize); // An image that runs past flash end cannot execute on hardware, and a
// naive copy of it would smash the heap beyond avr->flash — after which
// the simulation misbehaves in ways that point everywhere but here.
// Refuse it loudly instead.
if (boot_base + fw.flashsize > avr->flashend + 1) {
std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} — image does not fit its slot",
fw.flashsize, boot_base, avr->flashend);
return 1;
}
std::memcpy(avr->flash + boot_base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize);
avr->pc = boot_base; avr->pc = boot_base;
avr->codeend = avr->flashend; avr->codeend = avr->flashend;
// Optional: seed the config page (one page below the boot section) with a // Optional: seed the config page (one page below the boot section) with a
// hex byte string, so the password gate and emergency erase can be tested. // hex byte string, so the password gate and emergency erase can be tested.
// Layout: [appjump lo][appjump hi][timeout][password...][0xff]. // Layout: [appjump lo][appjump hi][timeout][password...][0xff].
const char *cfg = getenv("TSB_CONFIG"); const char *cfg = std::getenv("TSB_CONFIG");
if (cfg) { if (cfg) {
uint32_t app_end = boot_base - 128; // config page sits directly below the boot code std::uint32_t app_end = boot_base - 128; // config page sits directly below the boot code
for (int i = 0; cfg[i] && cfg[i + 1]; i += 2) { for (int i = 0; cfg[i] && cfg[i + 1]; i += 2) {
char b[3] = {cfg[i], cfg[i + 1], 0}; char b[3] = {cfg[i], cfg[i + 1], 0};
avr->flash[app_end + i / 2] = (uint8_t)strtoul(b, NULL, 16); avr->flash[app_end + i / 2] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(std::strtoul(b, nullptr, 16));
} }
} }
@@ -86,18 +104,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
// tight-polling loader (one that releases TX between bytes, as one-wire does) // tight-polling loader (one that releases TX between bytes, as one-wire does)
// in real time, distorting protocol timing. Clear it so the loader runs at // in real time, distorting protocol timing. Clear it so the loader runs at
// true cycle speed. // true cycle speed.
uint32_t uflags = 0; std::uint32_t uflags = 0;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS('0'), &uflags); avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS('0'), &uflags);
uflags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP; uflags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS('0'), &uflags); avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS('0'), &uflags);
uart_pty_init(avr, &uart_pty); uart_pty_init(avr, &uart_pty);
uart_pty_connect(&uart_pty, '0'); uart_pty_connect(&uart_pty, '0');
printf("TSB_PTY %s\n", uart_pty.pty.slavename); std::println("TSB_PTY {}", uart_pty.pty.slavename);
fflush(stdout); std::fflush(stdout);
signal(SIGTERM, finish); std::signal(SIGTERM, finish);
signal(SIGINT, finish); std::signal(SIGINT, finish);
for (;;) { for (;;) {
int state = avr_run(avr); int state = avr_run(avr);
@@ -105,5 +123,4 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
break; break;
} }
finish(0); finish(0);
return 0;
} }

81
test/pbapp.cpp
View File

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
// reset reaches those loaders through the patched vector (or the runner // reset reaches those loaders through the patched vector (or the runner
// models BOOTRST), so the application owes them nothing. // models BOOTRST), so the application owes them nothing.
// //
// PUREBOOT_HANDOVER drops the listening and jumps straight in, leaving the
// USART enabled behind it — the hand-over state a loader bit-banging on that
// USART's own pins has to survive.
//
// The fixture speaks the deployment its loader was built for: the same // The fixture speaks the deployment its loader was built for: the same
// PUREBOOT_* defines configure it, and without them it assumes the stock // PUREBOOT_* defines configure it, and without them it assumes the stock
// deployment (the crystal/RC clock table below, the chip's natural link). // deployment (the crystal/RC clock table below, the chip's natural link).
@@ -37,6 +41,9 @@ consteval avr::hertz_t clock()
#if !defined(PUREBOOT_TX) #if !defined(PUREBOOT_TX)
#define PUREBOOT_TX pb1 #define PUREBOOT_TX pb1
#endif #endif
#if !defined(PUREBOOT_RX)
#define PUREBOOT_RX pb0
#endif
#if !defined(PUREBOOT_USART) #if !defined(PUREBOOT_USART)
#define PUREBOOT_USART 0 #define PUREBOOT_USART 0
#endif #endif
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ consteval bool use_hardware()
#if defined(PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL) #if defined(PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL)
return false; return false;
#else #else
return avr::hw::db.has_instance("USART0") || avr::hw::db.has_instance("USART"); return avr::uart::has_usart<0>();
#endif #endif
} }
@@ -59,21 +66,38 @@ struct link {
#else #else
static constexpr avr::baud_t baud{115200}; static constexpr avr::baud_t baud{115200};
#endif #endif
using tx_t = avr::uart::usart<'0' + PUREBOOT_USART, C, {.baud = baud, .max_baud_error = 2.5_pct}>; using tx_t = avr::uart::usart<PUREBOOT_USART, C, {.baud = baud, .max_baud_error = 2.5_pct}>;
static void init()
{
avr::init<tx_t>();
}
static void tx(char c) static void tx(char c)
{ {
tx_t::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(c)); tx_t::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(c));
} }
// The loader sits in the top slot — 512 bytes on every chip. The jump
// takes a word address, which is what makes the >64 KiB chips' entry
// reachable through a 16-bit pointer at all.
static void enter_loader()
{
constexpr std::uint32_t slot = 512;
reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(static_cast<std::uint16_t>((avr::hw::db.mem.flash_size - slot) / 2))();
}
[[noreturn]] static void idle() [[noreturn]] static void idle()
{ {
// 'L' hands back to the loader in the top slot — 512 bytes on every #if defined(PUREBOOT_HANDOVER)
// chip. The jump takes a word address, which is what makes the // Hand back at once, with this USART still enabled — the state that
// >64 KiB chips' entry reachable through a 16-bit pointer at all. // leaves a bit-banged loader on its pins mute unless the loader
constexpr std::uint32_t slot = 512; // releases it. Unconditional because there is no command wire to
// wait on: that loader's link is the pins, not this peripheral.
enter_loader();
__builtin_unreachable();
#else
for (;;) { for (;;) {
auto command = tx_t::read_blocking(); auto command = tx_t::read_blocking();
if (command == 'L') if (command == 'L')
reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(static_cast<std::uint16_t>((avr::hw::db.mem.flash_size - slot) / 2))(); enter_loader();
// 'D' leaves every word of the SPM page buffer dirty, so that a // 'D' leaves every word of the SPM page buffer dirty, so that a
// following 'L' enters the loader with the buffer it never clears. // following 'L' enters the loader with the buffer it never clears.
if (command == 'D') { if (command == 'D') {
@@ -82,6 +106,7 @@ struct link {
tx('D'); tx('D');
} }
} }
#endif
} }
}; };
@@ -92,15 +117,48 @@ struct link<C, false> {
#else #else
static constexpr avr::baud_t baud{57600}; static constexpr avr::baud_t baud{57600};
#endif #endif
using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, baud>; // A shared-pin deployment (RX == TX) banners as a guest on its own line:
// the pull-up input is the released line, the transmitter takes the pin
// for exactly one frame per byte — the shape a real one-wire application
// beside this loader uses.
static constexpr bool one_wire = avr::PUREBOOT_RX == avr::PUREBOOT_TX;
using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, baud, one_wire>;
static void init()
{
// The guest transmitter configures no pin; the released line — the
// pull-up input a receiver would own — is established here.
if constexpr (one_wire)
avr::init<avr::io::input<avr::PUREBOOT_TX, avr::io::pull::up>, tx_t>();
else
avr::init<tx_t>();
}
static void tx(char c) static void tx(char c)
{ {
tx_t::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(c)); tx_t::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(c));
} }
[[noreturn]] static void idle() [[noreturn]] static void idle()
{ {
#if defined(PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT)
// Repeat the banner forever, which turns the fixture into a fixed
// cycles-per-bit transmitter: `tools/pbrig.py rate` sweeps the host rate
// against it to find the part's true bit rate, and from that the clock
// its RC oscillator is really running at. Only the *bit* timing carries
// the measurement — the delay merely spaces the lines out, so its own
// error does not matter. Software link only: the hardware-link idle owes
// the self-update tests a command loop, and a crystal deployment has
// nothing to measure.
while (true) {
tx('A');
tx('P');
tx('P');
tx('\r');
tx('\n');
dev::delay<50_ms>();
}
#else
while (true) { while (true) {
} }
#endif
} }
}; };
@@ -108,9 +166,14 @@ struct link<C, false> {
int main() int main()
{ {
avr::init<typename link<dev::clock>::tx_t>(); link<dev::clock>::init();
#if !defined(PUREBOOT_HANDOVER)
link<dev::clock>::tx('A'); link<dev::clock>::tx('A');
link<dev::clock>::tx('P'); link<dev::clock>::tx('P');
link<dev::clock>::tx('P'); link<dev::clock>::tx('P');
#endif
// The hand-over fixture stays silent: nothing is listening on the USART it
// brings up — the loader it hands to speaks those pins directly — so its
// banner would be a write into a peer that does not exist.
link<dev::clock>::idle(); link<dev::clock>::idle();
} }

81
test/pbautobaud.py
View File

@@ -6,16 +6,18 @@ the *same* loader binary, which is the property autobaud exists for: one
clock-agnostic image that locks onto whatever rate the host sends. clock-agnostic image that locks onto whatever rate the host sends.
Usage: pbautobaud.py <device_bin> <loader_elf> <mcu> <base_hex> <page> Usage: pbautobaud.py <device_bin> <loader_elf> <mcu> <base_hex> <page>
<app_bin> <app_hz> <app_baud> <tool_py> <workdir> <app_bin> <app_hz> <app_baud> <tool_py> <workdir> [link]
The loader is a software-serial build on PB0/PB1 (pureboot_add_autobaud's The loader is a software-serial build, driven over the GPIO⇄pty bridge; the
default), so the runner drives it over the GPIO⇄pty bridge (-l sw:B0,B1). The optional link overrides the default -l sw:B0,B1 — RX == TX in it is the
app fixture is built for (app_hz, app_baud); the hand-over is checked at that one-wire deployment, and every session then runs with the host's echo
point, and a second point at half the clock proves the lock is measured, not discard on. The app fixture is built for (app_hz, app_baud); the hand-over
baked in. is checked at that point, and a second point at half the clock proves the
lock is measured, not baked in.
""" """
import os import os
import re
import sys import sys
import time import time
@@ -26,8 +28,12 @@ def fail(message):
def main(): def main():
(device_bin, elf, mcu, base_hex, page, app_bin, app_hz, app_baud, tool, workdir) = sys.argv[1:] args = sys.argv[1:]
link = args.pop() if len(args) == 11 else "sw:B0,B1"
(device_bin, elf, mcu, base_hex, page, app_bin, app_hz, app_baud, tool, workdir) = args
base, page, app_hz, app_baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(app_hz), int(app_baud) base, page, app_hz, app_baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(app_hz), int(app_baud)
one_wire = re.fullmatch(r"sw:([A-H][0-7]),\1(@[01])?", link) is not None
extra = ("--one-wire",) if one_wire else ()
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool))) sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
import pbsim import pbsim
@@ -54,19 +60,32 @@ def main():
"""One clock point: reset, calibrate + knock, program, verify against the """One clock point: reset, calibrate + knock, program, verify against the
simulator's own flash, and (at the app's point) hand over to the fixture.""" simulator's own flash, and (at the app's point) hand over to the fixture."""
dump = os.path.join(workdir, f"flash_{label}.bin") dump = os.path.join(workdir, f"flash_{label}.bin")
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, str(hz), base_hex, page, baud, dump, link="sw:B0,B1") device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, str(hz), base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
try: try:
# The host tool, in autobaud mode, sends the 0xC0 calibration pulse # The host tool, in autobaud mode, sends the 0xC0 calibration pulse
# and a single knock at `baud`; the loader locks to it. # and a single knock at `baud`; the loader locks to it.
out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--autobaud", "--info", "--fuses", out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--autobaud", "--info", "--clock", str(hz),
"--flash", app_bin, "--eeprom", ee_path, "--stay") "--fuses", "--flash", app_bin, "--eeprom", ee_path, "--stay")
for needed in ("version", "signature", "fuses", "verify:", "stays"): for needed in ("version", "signature", "fuses", "verify:", "stays"):
if needed not in out: if needed not in out:
fail(f"{label}: session output lacks {needed!r}\n{out}") fail(f"{label}: session output lacks {needed!r}\n{out}")
# The measured clock, decoded from the unit at whichever home this
# version keeps it in. The runner's clock is exact, so the figure
# must land inside the
# encoding's own envelope: the loader floors the bit period to
# 4-cycle spin granules after an 8-cycle discount, and the edge
# poll can shave a few cycles more — one granule of slack below
# the true clock, none above (in cycles per bit, times the rate).
measured = re.search(r"measured\s+(\d+) Hz", out)
if not measured:
fail(f"{label}: --info lacks the measured clock\n{out}")
measured = int(measured.group(1))
if not hz - 19 * baud <= measured <= hz + 4 * baud:
fail(f"{label}: measured clock {measured} Hz is {measured - hz:+d} off the true {hz}")
# Read both memories back over the locked link and check them. # Read both memories back over the locked link and check them.
read_flash = os.path.join(workdir, f"rf_{label}.bin") read_flash = os.path.join(workdir, f"rf_{label}.bin")
read_eeprom = os.path.join(workdir, f"re_{label}.bin") read_eeprom = os.path.join(workdir, f"re_{label}.bin")
out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--autobaud", "--verify-flash", app_bin, out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--autobaud", "--verify-flash", app_bin,
"--verify-eeprom", ee_path, "--read-flash", read_flash, "--verify-eeprom", ee_path, "--read-flash", read_flash,
"--read-eeprom", read_eeprom, "--stay") "--read-eeprom", read_eeprom, "--stay")
if out.count("verify:") != 2: if out.count("verify:") != 2:
@@ -85,6 +104,8 @@ def main():
# pulse is genuinely seen and the test cannot pass vacuously.) # pulse is genuinely seen and the test cannot pass vacuously.)
device.reset() device.reset()
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud) port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
if one_wire:
port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
try: try:
time.sleep(0.2) time.sleep(0.2)
port.write(bytes((pb.CALIBRATE,))) port.write(bytes((pb.CALIBRATE,)))
@@ -103,6 +124,8 @@ def main():
device.reset() device.reset()
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud) port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
if one_wire:
port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
try: try:
loader = pb.Loader(port) loader = pb.Loader(port)
live = loader.connect_autobaud(15) live = loader.connect_autobaud(15)
@@ -141,13 +164,47 @@ def main():
print(f" {label}: locked at {hz} Hz / {baud} Bd, flash+EEPROM verified" print(f" {label}: locked at {hz} Hz / {baud} Bd, flash+EEPROM verified"
+ (", hand-over ok" if hand_over else "")) + (", hand-over ok" if hand_over else ""))
def must_lock(hz, baud, label):
"""The calibration alone, at a tight bit period. Nothing is programmed —
the question is only whether the loader can still measure the pulse."""
dump = os.path.join(workdir, f"flash_{label}.bin")
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, str(hz), base_hex, page, baud, dump,
link=link)
try:
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
if one_wire:
port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
try:
live = pb.Loader(port).connect_autobaud(15)
if live.version != pb.NEWEST_LOADER:
fail(f"{label}: loader reports pureboot {live.version}")
finally:
port.close()
finally:
device.stop()
print(f" {label}: locked at {hz} Hz / {baud} Bd ({hz / baud:.0f} cycles a bit)")
# The app fixture is built for one clock; the hand-over banners there. A # The app fixture is built for one clock; the hand-over banners there. A
# second point at double that clock, same loader binary, proves the lock is # second point at double that clock, same loader binary, proves the lock is
# measured, not baked in — the whole point of autobaud. (Doubling keeps the # measured, not baked in — the whole point of autobaud. (Doubling keeps the
# bit period healthy; halving would drop it below the software UART's floor.) # bit period healthy; halving would drop it below the software UART's floor.)
round_trip(app_hz, app_baud, "clock-a", hand_over=True) round_trip(app_hz, app_baud, "clock-a", hand_over=True)
round_trip(app_hz * 2, app_baud, "clock-b", hand_over=False) round_trip(app_hz * 2, app_baud, "clock-b", hand_over=False)
print("pbautobaud: calibration lock and flash/EEPROM/fuse round-trip pass at both clocks")
# Both points above sit near 100 cycles a bit, which is comfortable. The
# calibration's real floor is far tighter, and it is worth a gate: measured
# here, the lock is solid down to ~36 cycles a bit and fails outright by ~31
# — a sharp edge, not a fraying one. This pins the tightest standard rate the
# fixture's clock reaches, so a change that raises the floor is caught.
#
# It does *not* bound what a real deployment can use. On silicon the
# oscillator's own jitter costs roughly a factor of two: an ATtiny13A on its
# factory RC trim was reliable at ~118 cycles a bit and already locking only
# 1 attempt in 5 by ~59, which no exact-clock simulation can show. The
# deployable envelope is a README matter; this is the logic's floor.
must_lock(app_hz, app_baud * 2, "tight-bit")
print("pbautobaud: calibration lock and flash/EEPROM/fuse round-trip pass at both clocks, "
"and the tight bit period still locks")
if __name__ == "__main__": if __name__ == "__main__":

124
test/pbglitch.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""A link that damages bytes, deliberately and reproducibly, against the seal
that exists for it.
The board this was written for loses and mangles bytes on its own serial path,
and the failure that made it matter — a page-fill byte lost, the stream one
byte out, a page-address byte arriving where an SPMCSR value belongs — is not
reachable by asking a healthy link nicely. So the damage is injected here, at
a named byte index rather than a probability: a failing case is a case that
fails again.
Every check is a pair. The same bit flipped in the same field is applied on
one side of the seal and then the other: *after* the host seals the header,
which is a mangled command and must be refused, and *before*, which is a
well-formed command for something else and must be obeyed. Only the pair
proves anything — a test that showed the refusal alone would pass against a
loader that had simply stopped doing SPM, and one that showed the corruption
alone would not say what caught it.
Usage: pbglitch.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
<baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
"""
import os
import sys
def fail(message):
print(f"FAIL: {message}")
sys.exit(1)
def frame(pb, op, space, address, count, damage=None, before_seal=False):
"""A sealed command header, optionally with one byte damaged.
`damage` is (index, mask). Applied before the seal is computed it produces
a valid command for whatever the damaged fields now say; applied after, a
command whose seal no longer matches its own body — which is the shape a
link fault actually has."""
head = bytearray((op, pb.selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
(address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
if damage and before_seal:
head[damage[0]] ^= damage[1]
seal = pb.SEAL
for byte in head:
seal ^= byte
out = bytearray(head + bytes((seal,)))
if damage and not before_seal:
out[damage[0]] ^= damage[1]
return bytes(out)
def main():
device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, tool, workdir = sys.argv[1:]
base, page, baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(baud)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
import pbsim
import pureboot as pb
os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
dump = os.path.join(workdir, "dump.bin")
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump)
try:
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
loader = pb.Loader(port)
info = loader.connect(25)
if info.version < pb.SEALED_LOADER:
fail(f"this test is for pureboot {pb.SEALED_LOADER} and later, not {info.version}")
# A page of known bytes to watch. Everything below aims at it, so
# "nothing happened" is a readable claim rather than an absence.
marker = bytes((0x40 + (i & 0x3F)) for i in range(page))
loader.write_page(0, marker)
if loader.read_flash(0, page) != marker:
fail("the marker page did not survive an undamaged write")
# Every field of the header, one bit each. A damaged seal must be
# refused, the loader must re-prompt, and the page must be untouched —
# and it is the erase being aimed at it, so a single escape is visible.
for index in range(6):
bad = frame(pb, pb.OP_WRITE, pb.SP_SPM, 0, pb.SPM_ERASE, damage=(index, 0x01))
port.write(bad)
answer = port.read_exact(1, 5.0)
if answer != pb.NAK:
fail(f"a header damaged in byte {index} was not refused (got {answer.hex()})")
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail(f"no prompt after refusing a header damaged in byte {index}")
if loader.read_flash(0, page) != marker:
fail(f"damage in byte {index} reached flash — the marker page changed")
# The fill, whose payload is the protocol's one unacked burst: a
# refused fill must be refused *before* the page is sent, or the host
# is left pushing 128 bytes into a loader reading commands. Nothing is
# sent after the verdict here, and the very next command must be
# understood — that is the whole claim.
bad = frame(pb, pb.OP_FILL, pb.SP_FLASH, 0, page, damage=(3, 0x80))
port.write(bad)
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.NAK:
fail("a damaged fill header was not refused")
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("no prompt after refusing a damaged fill header")
if loader.identity().raw != info.raw:
fail("the loader was out of step after refusing a fill")
# The pair's other half. The identical flip, applied before the seal:
# a well-formed erase of the page one bit away from the one intended.
# It must be obeyed — otherwise the refusals above prove nothing about
# the seal and only that this loader stopped erasing.
port.write(frame(pb, pb.OP_WRITE, pb.SP_SPM, 0, pb.SPM_ERASE,
damage=(2, 0x01), before_seal=True))
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("a correctly sealed erase was refused")
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("no prompt after a correctly sealed erase")
if loader.read_flash(0, page) != b"\xff" * page:
fail("the sealed erase did not reach flash — the marker page is intact")
port.close()
finally:
device.stop()
print("pbglitch: damaged headers are refused, the identical damage sealed is obeyed")
main()

79
test/pbmute.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Hand-over with a USART left enabled on the loader's own pins.
A software or autobaud link deployed on a USART's TxD is mute if an
application hands over with that USART still enabled: TXEN keeps the USART
owning the pin, so the bit-banged transmitter's port writes go nowhere and the
loader receives and obeys while answering nothing. The link's init releases it.
The state is reached the way silicon reaches it — an application that sets up
its USART and jumps in with no reset between, so nothing clears UCSRnB for it.
The pin ownership itself is modelled by the device runner: simavr wires a
USART through IRQs alone and never takes the pin from the port, so without
that the mute could not happen here at all (test/pureboot_device.cpp).
Usage: pbmute.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
<baud> <app_bin> <tool_py> <workdir> <link>
"""
import os
import re
import sys
def fail(message):
print(f"FAIL: {message}")
sys.exit(1)
def main():
device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, app_bin, tool, workdir, link = sys.argv[1:]
page, baud = int(page), int(baud)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
import pbsim
import pureboot as pb
if "@" not in link:
fail(f"the link {link} names no owning USART — nothing would be under test")
# A shared line (RX == TX) echoes the host's own bytes; discard them the
# way the shipped --one-wire mode does.
one_wire = re.fullmatch(r"sw:([A-H][0-7]),\1@[01]", link) is not None
os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
dump = os.path.join(workdir, "dump.bin")
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
try:
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
if one_wire:
port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
loader = pb.Loader(port)
loader.connect(25)
resident = loader.info.version
# Install the fixture and let it take over. It brings up the USART
# that owns these pins and jumps straight back in.
pb.op_flash(loader, app_bin, erase=False, verify=True)
loader.run_application()
# The loader is running again with that USART enabled behind it. Only
# the release makes it audible; without it the connect times out.
loader = pb.Loader(port)
try:
loader.connect(25)
except pb.Error as error:
fail(f"the loader never answered after the hand-over — the USART still owns its TX pin ({error})")
if loader.info.version != resident:
fail(f"identity changed across the hand-over: {resident} then {loader.info.version}")
# Answering is not enough: it has to still be a working loader.
pb.verify_pages(loader, pb.plan_flash(open(app_bin, "rb").read(), loader.info))
port.close()
finally:
device.stop()
print("pbmute: a loader on a USART's own pins answers after a hand-over that left it enabled")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

46
test/pbosccal.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""The build-time OSCCAL trim, observed through the wire: a loader built with
the OSCCAL axis holds the trim register at the built byte from its first
prompt on — the write sits at the top of run(), ahead of the WDRF bail, so
every path out of reset runs on the corrected clock. simavr's clock does not
follow OSCCAL, which is what makes the value assertable at all: the register
is plain state there, and the peek must return exactly what the build
declared rather than whatever the oscillator needed.
Usage: pbosccal.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
<baud> <osccal_addr> <osccal_value> <tool_py> <workdir>
[link]
"""
import os
import sys
def fail(message):
print(f"FAIL: {message}")
sys.exit(1)
def main():
args = sys.argv[1:]
link = args.pop() if len(args) == 12 else None
(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, addr, value, tool, workdir) = args
addr, value, baud = int(addr, 0), int(value, 0), int(baud)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
import pbsim
os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
dump = os.path.join(workdir, "flash_dump.bin")
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
try:
out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--peek", f"{addr:#x}:1")
want = f"{addr:#06x} {value:02x}"
if want not in out:
fail(f"OSCCAL at {addr:#x} did not read back {value:#04x}:\n{out}")
finally:
device.stop()
print("OK")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

26
test/pbrehome.py
View File

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
canonical slot must still be a working loader, and the ordinary canonical slot must still be a working loader, and the ordinary
--update-loader flow must put a build into the top slot from there. --update-loader flow must put a build into the top slot from there.
Two positions. Address 0, a raw .bin handed to a programmer: the staging Two positions. Address 0, a raw .bin handed to a programmer. And the staging
install and the word-0 redirect run from copies outside page 0's slot, so the slot itself, where a loader already sitting there IS the staging copy —
running-slot guard never blocks them. And the staging slot itself, where a recognized by its embedded block and left in place, then streaming the new
loader already sitting there IS the staging copy — recognized by its embedded resident like any staged copy.
block and left in place, then streaming the new resident like any staged copy.
Usage: pbrehome.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <update_bin> <mcu> <hz> Usage: pbrehome.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <update_bin> <mcu> <hz>
<base_hex> <page> <baud> <app_bin> <tool_py> <workdir> <base_hex> <page> <baud> <app_bin> <tool_py> <workdir>
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ def fail(message):
sys.exit(1) sys.exit(1)
def rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, place_hex, guard_probe, update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir, def rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, place_hex, update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir,
mcu, hz): mcu, hz):
"""Place the loader at `place_hex`, heal through --update-loader, flash """Place the loader at `place_hex`, heal through --update-loader, flash
the application, expect the banner.""" the application, expect the banner."""
@@ -38,14 +37,6 @@ def rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, place_hex, guard_probe, update_bin,
if info.base != base: if info.base != base:
fail(f"the misplaced copy reports base {info.base:#06x} — the info block must stay canonical") fail(f"the misplaced copy reports base {info.base:#06x} — the info block must stay canonical")
# The accidental slot still guards itself; re-homing rides on the
# canonical slots being writable from it.
probe = int(guard_probe, 0)
before = loader.read_flash(probe, info.page)
loader.write_page(probe, bytes(info.page))
if loader.read_flash(probe, info.page) != before:
fail("the misplaced copy's guard let its own slot change")
# The ordinary update flow puts the build into the top slot. # The ordinary update flow puts the build into the top slot.
pb.op_update_loader(loader, 25, update_bin, state, None) pb.op_update_loader(loader, 25, update_bin, state, None)
update = open(update_bin, "rb").read() update = open(update_bin, "rb").read()
@@ -76,16 +67,15 @@ def main():
os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True) os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
# Address 0: the raw-.bin-to-a-programmer accident. The guard probe is # Address 0: the raw-.bin-to-a-programmer accident.
# the copy's own page 0. rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, "0x0", update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir, mcu, hz)
rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, "0x0", "0x0", update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir, mcu, hz)
print("re-home from address 0: converged") print("re-home from address 0: converged")
# The staging slot: erased flash with the loader sitting exactly where # The staging slot: erased flash with the loader sitting exactly where
# a staging copy would — the tool must leave it in place and let it # a staging copy would — the tool must leave it in place and let it
# stream the (different) update build into the resident slot. # stream the (different) update build into the resident slot.
stage = base - pb.SLOT stage = base - pb.SLOT
rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, hex(stage), hex(stage), update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir, rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, hex(stage), update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir,
mcu, hz) mcu, hz)
print("re-home from the staging slot: converged") print("re-home from the staging slot: converged")

21
test/pbreloc.py
View File

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Position-independence acceptance test: the identical binary, flashed one """Position-independence acceptance test: the identical binary, flashed one
slot below the resident, must serve the complete command set from there. The slot below the resident, must serve the complete command set from there. The
info block must come back byte-identical, the write guard must refuse the info block must come back byte-identical, and the staged copy must be able to
staged copy's own slot and permit the resident's, and the staged copy must be rewrite the resident verbatim — which is the whole of what relocation is for.
able to rewrite the resident verbatim.
Usage: pbreloc.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page> Usage: pbreloc.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
<baud> <tool_py> <workdir> <baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
@@ -64,14 +63,14 @@ def main():
if loader.read_eeprom(0, len(pattern)) != pattern: if loader.read_eeprom(0, len(pattern)) != pattern:
fail("EEPROM round-trip through the staged copy") fail("EEPROM round-trip through the staged copy")
# The guard, both ways: its own slot refused (drained, unchanged), the # The resident slot, written from the copy standing beside it — the
# resident slot writable. The refusal leaves its drained words in the # whole point of relocating. pureboot 9 dropped the running-slot guard
# SPM buffer, so the write that follows may take them — and clears # that used to sit behind this, so the probe that used to accompany it
# them by writing, so the retry must not. # (aim a write at the copy's *own* slot and watch it be refused) is
before = loader.read_flash(stage, page) # gone with it: there is nothing to refuse now, and a copy that erases
loader.write_page(stage, bytes(page)) # the page it is executing from does not come back to report it.
if loader.read_flash(stage, page) != before: # pbselfwrite.py gates that direction on a device it is allowed to
fail("the staged copy's guard let its own slot change") # destroy.
marker = bytes((i * 3) & 0xFF for i in range(page)) marker = bytes((i * 3) & 0xFF for i in range(page))
loader.write_page(base, marker) loader.write_page(base, marker)
if loader.read_flash(base, page) != marker: if loader.read_flash(base, page) != marker:

102
test/pbselfwrite.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""The seal, gated on the one command that proves it: erase the page the
loader is executing from.
pureboot 9 dropped the running-slot write guard, so this command is now
permitted — that is what lets a resident copy plant something in its own slot,
which on a chip whose boot section *is* the loader slot is the only route a
self-update has. Permitted means the loader must actually do it, and the only
honest proof is the flash afterwards.
What stands in the guard's place is the seal, and the two halves are tested
against each other here: the identical destructive command, refused when its
seal is wrong and honoured when it is right. A test that only showed the
refusal would pass just as well against a loader that ignores SPM entirely.
Usage: pbselfwrite.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
<baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
"""
import os
import sys
def fail(message):
print(f"FAIL: {message}")
sys.exit(1)
def sealed_frame(pb, op, space, address, count):
"""A command header and its seal, built here rather than borrowed from the
tool: this test is about what the loader accepts, and a probe that shares
the host's frame builder cannot tell a wrong frame from a wrong loader."""
head = bytes((op, pb.selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
(address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
seal = pb.SEAL
for byte in head:
seal ^= byte
return head + bytes((seal,))
def main():
device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, tool, workdir = sys.argv[1:]
base, page, baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(baud)
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
import pbsim
import pureboot as pb
os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
dump = os.path.join(workdir, "dump.bin")
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump)
try:
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
loader = pb.Loader(port)
info = loader.connect(25)
if info.version < pb.SEALED_LOADER:
fail(f"this test is for pureboot {pb.SEALED_LOADER} and later, not {info.version}")
# Erase the first page of the running slot: the entry stub and the
# command loop are both in it, so a loader that performs this does not
# answer again. Nothing else in the protocol is as sharp a probe.
frame = sealed_frame(pb, pb.OP_WRITE, pb.SP_SPM, base, pb.SPM_ERASE)
# Red: the same command with one bit wrong in its seal. Refused before
# anything happens, and the loader is still there to say so.
broken = bytearray(frame)
broken[-1] ^= 0x01
port.write(bytes(broken))
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.NAK:
fail("an unsealed erase of the running page was not refused")
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("the loader did not re-prompt after refusing the erase")
alive = loader.read_flash(base, 8)
if alive == b"\xff" * 8:
fail("the refused erase happened anyway — the running page reads erased")
# Green: the identical command, correctly sealed. Nothing is required
# of the link from here on. The verdict is *issued* before the SPM, but
# the erase takes the code that would have finished saying it, and how
# much of it survives is the chip's business — an erase removes one page
# and nothing else, so a loader whose command loop lives past the page
# erased will prompt as usual where one with 128-byte pages goes with
# the stub. None of that is the claim. The claim is that the erase
# reached flash, and the dump is both the only witness for it and a
# better one: it tells "accepted and performed" from "merely answered".
port.write(frame)
try:
port.read_exact(2, 2.0)
except pb.Error:
pass
port.close()
finally:
device.stop()
# Ground truth: the simulator's flash, not the loader's opinion of it.
flash = open(dump, "rb").read()
if flash[base : base + page] != b"\xff" * page:
fail("the sealed erase did not reach flash — the running page is intact")
print("pbselfwrite: the running slot is refused unsealed and erased sealed")
main()

5
test/pbsim.py
View File

@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@ import subprocess
class Device: class Device:
def __init__(self, binary, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, reset_hex=None, resume=None, link=None): def __init__(self, binary, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, reset_hex=None, resume=None, link=None,
window=False):
cmd = [binary] cmd = [binary]
if link: if link:
cmd += ["-l", link] cmd += ["-l", link]
if window:
cmd.append("-w") # report the first-transmit cycle, free-run idle
cmd += [elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, str(page), str(baud), dump] cmd += [elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, str(page), str(baud), dump]
if reset_hex is not None or resume is not None: if reset_hex is not None or resume is not None:
# Chips without a hardware boot section — the tinies and the # Chips without a hardware boot section — the tinies and the

55
test/pbtest.py
View File

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ loader built off the chip's natural serial default.
""" """
import os import os
import re
import sys import sys
@@ -70,10 +71,15 @@ def main():
+ bytes([flags]) + bytes([flags])
) )
# A shared-line link (RX == TX in the -l spec) makes the host read every
# byte it sends back off the line; all sessions then discard the echo.
one_wire = bool(link) and re.fullmatch(r"sw:([A-H][0-7]),\1(@[01])?", link) is not None
extra = ("--one-wire",) if one_wire else ()
device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link) device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
try: try:
# Session 1: knock from reset, identify, program everything, stay. # Session 1: knock from reset, identify, program everything, stay.
out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--info", "--fuses", "--flash", app_bin, out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--info", "--fuses", "--flash", app_bin,
"--eeprom", ee_path, "--stay") "--eeprom", ee_path, "--stay")
for needed in ("version", "signature", "fuses", "verify:", "stays"): for needed in ("version", "signature", "fuses", "verify:", "stays"):
if needed not in out: if needed not in out:
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ def main():
# the data space; hand over is deferred — the pty must be reopened for # the data space; hand over is deferred — the pty must be reopened for
# the APP banner first. # the APP banner first.
probe = "c0ffee" probe = "c0ffee"
out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--verify-flash", app_bin, "--verify-eeprom", ee_path, out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--verify-flash", app_bin, "--verify-eeprom", ee_path,
"--read-flash", read_flash, "--read-eeprom", read_eeprom, "--read-flash", read_flash, "--read-eeprom", read_eeprom,
"--poke", f"{ram_base:#x}:{probe}", "--peek", f"{ram_base:#x}:3", "--stay") "--poke", f"{ram_base:#x}:{probe}", "--peek", f"{ram_base:#x}:3", "--stay")
if out.count("verify:") != 2: if out.count("verify:") != 2:
@@ -111,6 +117,8 @@ def main():
# land in the application, which banners on the same link. # land in the application, which banners on the same link.
device.reset() device.reset()
port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud) port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
if one_wire:
port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
try: try:
loader = pb.Loader(port) loader = pb.Loader(port)
live = loader.connect(15) live = loader.connect(15)
@@ -123,19 +131,42 @@ def main():
fail(f"loader reports pureboot {live.version}, the tool speaks " fail(f"loader reports pureboot {live.version}, the tool speaks "
f"{pb.OLDEST_LOADER}..{pb.NEWEST_LOADER}") f"{pb.OLDEST_LOADER}..{pb.NEWEST_LOADER}")
# A W addressed inside a page rather than at its base must still # A fill addressed inside a page rather than at its base must still
# consume exactly one page and prompt. The loader's own slot is the # consume exactly one page and prompt. The loader's own slot is the
# target — the guard refuses to commit it — and the payload is # target and the payload is erased-state bytes, so the probe can
# erased-state bytes, so the probe can disturb neither the image nor # disturb neither the image nor the page buffer it leaves behind: a
# the page buffer it leaves behind. Hand-built rather than through # fill only loads the buffer, and nothing commits it. Hand-built
# write_page(), which would follow the fill with its erase and # rather than through write_page(), which would follow the fill
# write; the point here is that the fill alone consumes exactly one # with its erase and write; the point here is that the fill alone
# page whatever the address's low bits say. # consumes exactly one page whatever the address's low bits say.
# Hand-sealed too — a protocol probe that borrowed the tool's own
# frame builder could not tell a wrong frame from a wrong loader.
wire = base + 1 wire = base + 1
port.write(bytes((ord("W"), pb.selector(pb.SP_FLASH, wire), wire & 0xFF, (wire >> 8) & 0xFF)) head = bytes((pb.OP_FILL, pb.selector(pb.SP_FLASH, wire), wire & 0xFF,
+ b"\xff" * page) (wire >> 8) & 0xFF, page & 0xFF))
seal = pb.SEAL
for byte in head:
seal ^= byte
port.write(head + bytes((seal,)))
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT: if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("unaligned W did not return to the prompt") fail("the loader refused a correctly sealed fill")
port.write(b"\xff" * page)
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("unaligned fill did not return to the prompt")
# And the seal itself, red: one wrong bit in the address of that
# same frame must be refused outright. The verdict has to arrive
# *before* the page would have been sent — that ordering is what
# keeps a refusal from turning into a desync — so the probe sends
# no payload at all and expects the loader straight back at the
# command level.
broken = bytearray(head + bytes((seal,)))
broken[2] ^= 0x01
port.write(bytes(broken))
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.NAK:
fail("a header with a broken seal was not refused")
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
fail("the loader did not re-prompt after refusing a broken seal")
loader.run_application() loader.run_application()
banner = port.read_exact(3, 5.0) banner = port.read_exact(3, 5.0)

137
test/pbwindow.py Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""The activation window as a behavioral duration gate.
The loader's window is a counted poll loop whose per-poll cost is hand-counted
in the source (`link::poll_cycles`) — but the loop compiles in consumer
context, so only the running image can prove the count. This test installs a
real application beside the loader (the host tool's own `plan_flash` supplies
the reset-vector surgery), starts the simulator with the line idle, and reads
the cycle of the first transmit activity: nothing talks until the window
closes and the application banners, so that cycle *is* the window, give or
take a banner lead measured in microseconds. Asserted at ±2 % — one
mis-counted cycle per poll shifts a window by 10 % and more.
Fixed-baud loaders declare their window in seconds (--seconds, the build's
TIMEOUT). The autobaud loader's window is its calibration poll budget
(--autobaud-polls); the seconds it amounts to are budget × 9 / f_cpu, the
measured cost of the calibrate() wait loop this gate pins.
"""
import argparse
import importlib.util
import pathlib
import select
import sys
import time
sys.path.insert(0, str(pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent))
from pbsim import Device
# The calibrate() budget loop's cycles per poll in the built image — what the
# README's window arithmetic rests on, verified here. A measured fact, not a
# design constant: the wait's exit branches land where the compiler's block
# layout puts them, and the bounded-calibration rework moved the loop from
# ten cycles to nine.
AUTOBAUD_POLL_CYCLES = 9
def load_tool(path):
spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("pureboot", path)
module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
spec.loader.exec_module(module)
return module
def compose_flash(pb, loader_bytes, app_bytes, mcu, base, page):
"""The flash image a completed programming session leaves: application
(with the tinies' vector surgery), loader at base — built through the
host tool's own planner so the surgery is the shipped one, not a copy."""
flash_size = base + pb.SLOT
patch = not mcu.startswith("atmega") or mcu.startswith("atmega48")
word_flash = flash_size > 0x10000
wire_base = base // 2 if word_flash else base
flags = (1 if patch else 0) | (2 if word_flash else 0)
raw = bytes((ord("P"), ord("B"), 5, 0, 0, 0, page & 0xFF,
wire_base & 0xFF, wire_base >> 8, 0, 0, flags))
info = pb.Info(raw)
flash = bytearray(b"\xff" * flash_size)
for address, content in pb.plan_flash(app_bytes, info).items():
flash[address:address + len(content)] = content
flash[base:base + len(loader_bytes)] = loader_bytes
return bytes(flash)
def first_tx_cycle(device, deadline):
"""The PB_WINDOW_TX report, or None. The runner prints it once."""
stream = device.proc.stdout
while True:
remaining = deadline - time.monotonic()
if remaining <= 0:
return None
ready, _, _ = select.select([stream], [], [], remaining)
if not ready:
return None
line = stream.readline()
if not line:
return None
if line.startswith("PB_WINDOW_TX"):
return int(line.split()[1])
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--device", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--loader", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--mcu", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--hz", type=int, required=True)
parser.add_argument("--base", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--page", type=int, required=True)
parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, required=True)
parser.add_argument("--app", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--tool", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--workdir", required=True)
parser.add_argument("--link", default=None)
parser.add_argument("--seconds", type=float, default=None)
parser.add_argument("--autobaud-polls", type=int, default=None)
args = parser.parse_args()
if (args.seconds is None) == (args.autobaud_polls is None):
parser.error("exactly one of --seconds / --autobaud-polls")
pb = load_tool(args.tool)
base = int(args.base, 0)
expected = (args.seconds if args.seconds is not None
else args.autobaud_polls * AUTOBAUD_POLL_CYCLES / args.hz)
work = pathlib.Path(args.workdir)
work.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Every loader target objcopies its slot content beside the ELF (.bin).
loader_bytes = pathlib.Path(args.loader + ".bin").read_bytes()
app_bytes = pathlib.Path(args.app).read_bytes()
flash_file = work / "window-flash.bin"
flash_file.write_bytes(compose_flash(pb, loader_bytes, app_bytes, args.mcu, base, args.page))
device = Device(args.device, args.loader, args.mcu, str(args.hz), args.base, args.page,
args.baud, str(work / "window-dump.bin"), resume=str(flash_file),
link=args.link, window=True)
try:
# Simulation speed is machine-dependent; a few hundred thousand
# cycles per wall second is the pessimistic floor.
budget = max(60.0, expected * args.hz / 300000)
cycle = first_tx_cycle(device, time.monotonic() + budget)
finally:
device.stop()
if cycle is None:
print(f" [FAIL] no transmit activity within {budget:.0f} s wall "
f"(expected a {expected:.2f} s window)")
return 1
measured = cycle / args.hz
error = (measured - expected) / expected
ok = abs(error) <= 0.02
print(f" [{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] window {measured:.3f} s vs declared "
f"{expected:.3f} s ({error:+.1%}, gate ±2%)")
return 0 if ok else 1
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())

468
test/pureboot_device.c
View File

@@ -1,468 +0,0 @@
// simavr "device" for the pureboot protocol tests, every chip. Loads the
// boot-linked ELF at the loader base, starts execution there (BOOTRST / the
// patched vector are not what is under test), and exposes the loader's
// serial link as a pty for the real host tool:
//
// - Hardware USART builds: simavr's uart_pty on the selected instance.
// - Software UART builds: an 8N1 bridge between a pty and the GPIO pins,
// timed against the simulated cycle counter (drives the loader's RX,
// decodes its TX).
//
// The link follows the chip's natural default (USART0 on the megas, the
// software UART on PB0/PB1 elsewhere) unless -l overrides it: `-l usart1`
// for the second instance, `-l sw:B5,B1` for a software build's RX,TX pins.
//
// simavr's tiny cores decode the SPM opcode but attach no NVM module — SPM
// is a silent no-op (the mega's boot section has one, avr_flash). The
// missing module is supplied here: the SPM ioctl reads SPMCSR/Z/r1:r0 and
// implements buffer fill, page erase, page write, and CTPB, completing
// instantly. RFLB's LPM diversion (fuse readout) stays unmodeled, so the
// 'F' command answers with flash bytes — the tests assert transport only.
//
// On exit (or SIGTERM) the flash and EEPROM are dumped to files for a
// ground-truth cross-check against what the host read back.
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pty.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "avr_eeprom.h"
#include "avr_flash.h"
#include "avr_ioport.h"
#include "avr_uart.h"
#include "sim_avr.h"
#include "sim_elf.h"
#include "sim_io.h"
#include "uart_pty.h"
static avr_t *avr;
static uart_pty_t uart_pty;
static int link_software;
static char uart_digit = '0';
static char sw_rx_port = 'B', sw_tx_port = 'B';
static int sw_rx_bit = 0, sw_tx_bit = 1;
static const char *dump_path;
static uint32_t reset_pc;
static volatile sig_atomic_t reset_requested;
static int parse_link(const char *spec)
{
if (strcmp(spec, "usart0") == 0 || strcmp(spec, "usart1") == 0) {
link_software = 0;
uart_digit = spec[5];
return 0;
}
if (strncmp(spec, "sw", 2) == 0) {
link_software = 1;
if (spec[2] == '\0')
return 0;
if (sscanf(spec + 2, ":%c%d,%c%d", &sw_rx_port, &sw_rx_bit, &sw_tx_port, &sw_tx_bit) == 4)
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
// simavr 1.6's avr_flash PGERS handler erases spm_pagesize bytes starting at
// Z & ~1 instead of the page containing Z (its PGWRT path masks correctly) —
// hardware ignores the in-page bits (§26.8.1), so an erase issued with Z
// anywhere inside the page wipes half the neighbouring page in simulation
// only. Wrap the mega's registered flash ioctl and re-dispatch page erases
// with Z forced to the page boundary; everything else passes through.
//
// A second gap on the boot-section-less m48s: their RWWSRE bit is the
// temporary-buffer discard (Atmel-8271 §26.2/§26.3.1), but the stock model
// gates its RWWSRE branch on AVR_SELFPROG_HAVE_RWW — absent on the m48
// core — so the discard store falls through into the buffer-fill branch and
// plants whatever Z/R1:R0 happen to hold. Perform the silicon's discard
// here instead.
static avr_flash_t *mega_flash;
static int (*mega_flash_ioctl)(avr_io_t *io, uint32_t ctl, void *param);
static int fixed_flash_ioctl(avr_io_t *io, uint32_t ctl, void *param)
{
if (ctl == AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM && avr_regbit_get(io->avr, mega_flash->pgers)) {
uint16_t z = (uint16_t)(io->avr->data[30] | (io->avr->data[31] << 8));
uint16_t masked = (uint16_t)(z & ~(mega_flash->spm_pagesize - 1));
io->avr->data[30] = (uint8_t)masked;
io->avr->data[31] = (uint8_t)(masked >> 8);
int result = mega_flash_ioctl(io, ctl, param);
io->avr->data[30] = (uint8_t)z;
io->avr->data[31] = (uint8_t)(z >> 8);
return result;
}
if (ctl == AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM && !(mega_flash->flags & AVR_SELFPROG_HAVE_RWW) &&
(io->avr->data[mega_flash->r_spm] & 0x11) == 0x11) { // RWWSRE|SELFPRGEN: the m48 buffer discard
for (int i = 0; i < mega_flash->spm_pagesize / 2; i++) {
mega_flash->tmppage[i] = 0xffff;
mega_flash->tmppage_used[i] = 0;
}
avr_regbit_clear(io->avr, mega_flash->selfprgen);
return 0;
}
return mega_flash_ioctl(io, ctl, param);
}
static void fix_mega_flash_erase(void)
{
for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next) {
if (io->kind && strcmp(io->kind, "flash") == 0) {
mega_flash = (avr_flash_t *)io;
mega_flash_ioctl = io->ioctl;
io->ioctl = fixed_flash_ioctl;
return;
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "device: no flash module to fix — SPM page erases may misalign\n");
}
static void request_reset(int sig)
{
(void)sig;
reset_requested = 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------- tiny NVM ---
typedef struct {
avr_io_t io;
uint8_t buffer[128];
uint8_t used[128]; // a buffer word loads once until erased — like silicon
unsigned page;
} tiny_nvm_t;
static tiny_nvm_t nvm;
static int nvm_ioctl(avr_io_t *io, uint32_t ctl, void *param)
{
(void)param;
if (ctl != AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM)
return -1;
tiny_nvm_t *n = (tiny_nvm_t *)io;
avr_t *mcu = io->avr;
uint8_t command = mcu->data[0x57] & 0x1f; // SPMCSR, both tinies
uint16_t z = (uint16_t)(mcu->data[30] | (mcu->data[31] << 8));
uint32_t page_base = (uint32_t)(z & ~(n->page - 1)) % (mcu->flashend + 1);
if (command == 0x01) { // SPMEN alone: buffer fill from r1:r0
unsigned offset = z & (n->page - 1) & ~1u;
if (!n->used[offset]) { // first write wins until the buffer clears
n->buffer[offset] = mcu->data[0];
n->buffer[offset + 1] = mcu->data[1];
n->used[offset] = 1;
}
} else if (command == 0x03) { // PGERS
memset(mcu->flash + page_base, 0xff, n->page);
} else if (command == 0x05) { // PGWRT: programming only clears bits
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n->page; i++)
mcu->flash[page_base + i] &= n->buffer[i];
memset(n->buffer, 0xff, n->page);
memset(n->used, 0, n->page);
} else if (command == 0x11) { // CTPB
memset(n->buffer, 0xff, n->page);
memset(n->used, 0, n->page);
}
mcu->data[0x57] &= (uint8_t)~0x1f; // the operation completes instantly
return 0;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------- GPIO bridge ---
static int pty_master = -1;
static avr_irq_t *rx_pin; // the loader's RX (PB0), driven from the pty
static avr_cycle_count_t bit_cycles;
static int tx_level = 1, tx_active, tx_bit;
static uint8_t tx_shift;
static avr_cycle_count_t tx_sample(avr_t *mcu, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *param)
{
(void)mcu;
(void)param;
if (tx_bit < 8) {
tx_shift = (uint8_t)((tx_shift >> 1) | (tx_level ? 0x80 : 0));
if (++tx_bit < 8)
return when + bit_cycles;
/* The byte is not delivered until its stop bit has passed. A real
* receiver cannot answer sooner, and a host that did would put its
* start bit on the wire while the device is still driving the stop
* bit — which the device, transmitting, is not watching for. */
return when + bit_cycles;
}
if (write(pty_master, &tx_shift, 1) != 1)
fprintf(stderr, "device: pty write lost a byte\n");
tx_active = 0;
return 0;
}
static void tx_hook(avr_irq_t *irq, uint32_t value, void *param)
{
(void)irq;
(void)param;
int level = value & 1;
if (!tx_active && tx_level == 1 && level == 0) { // start edge
tx_active = 1;
tx_bit = 0;
avr_cycle_timer_register(avr, bit_cycles + bit_cycles / 2, tx_sample, NULL);
}
tx_level = level;
}
static uint8_t rx_queue[8192];
static unsigned rx_head, rx_tail; // ring: head = next to send
static int rx_active, rx_bit;
static uint8_t rx_byte;
static void rx_start_next(void);
static avr_cycle_count_t rx_step(avr_t *mcu, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *param)
{
(void)mcu;
(void)param;
if (rx_bit < 8) {
avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, (rx_byte >> rx_bit) & 1);
rx_bit++;
return when + bit_cycles;
}
if (rx_bit == 8) { // stop bit, plus one idle bit of margin
avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 1);
rx_bit++;
return when + 2 * bit_cycles;
}
rx_active = 0;
rx_start_next();
return 0;
}
static void rx_start_next(void)
{
if (rx_active || rx_head == rx_tail)
return;
rx_byte = rx_queue[rx_head];
rx_head = (rx_head + 1) % sizeof(rx_queue);
rx_active = 1;
rx_bit = 0;
avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 0); // start bit
avr_cycle_timer_register(avr, bit_cycles, rx_step, NULL);
}
// A reset abandons whatever the bridge was mid-transfer: bytes still queued
// for a chip that no longer has the context to receive them meaningfully,
// and a decode in progress on a TX line the reset may have already changed.
// The pending cycle timers must go with the state: avr_reset drops the TX
// output latch, whose falling edge starts a spurious decode before this
// runs, and a stale tx_sample would then interleave with the loader's first
// real answer through the shared shift state, corrupting it.
static void bridge_reset(void)
{
avr_cycle_timer_cancel(avr, tx_sample, NULL);
avr_cycle_timer_cancel(avr, rx_step, NULL);
rx_head = rx_tail = 0;
rx_active = 0;
tx_active = 0;
tx_level = 1;
avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 1); // idle line
}
static void poll_pty(void)
{
uint8_t chunk[256];
ssize_t got = read(pty_master, chunk, sizeof(chunk));
for (ssize_t i = 0; i < got; i++) {
unsigned next = (rx_tail + 1) % sizeof(rx_queue);
if (next == rx_head)
break; // full: the host will retry on timeout
rx_queue[rx_tail] = chunk[i];
rx_tail = next;
}
if (got > 0)
rx_start_next();
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ main ---
static void finish(int sig)
{
(void)sig;
if (dump_path) {
FILE *f = fopen(dump_path, "wb");
if (f) {
fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f);
fclose(f);
}
avr_eeprom_desc_t ee = {.ee = NULL, .offset = 0, .size = 0};
if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &ee) == 0 && ee.ee && ee.size) {
char path[512];
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s.eeprom", dump_path);
f = fopen(path, "wb");
if (f) {
fwrite(ee.ee, 1, ee.size, f);
fclose(f);
}
}
}
if (!link_software)
uart_pty_stop(&uart_pty);
_exit(0);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int link_given = 0;
for (int opt; (opt = getopt(argc, argv, "l:")) != -1;) {
if (opt != 'l' || parse_link(optarg) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: bad link spec (usart0, usart1, sw, or sw:B0,B1 as RX,TX)\n");
return 2;
}
link_given = 1;
}
int args = argc - optind;
if (args < 7 || args > 9) {
fprintf(stderr,
"usage: %s [-l link] <pureboot.elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page> <baud> <flash_dump>"
" [reset_hex] [resume_flash]\n"
" -l link: usart0 | usart1 | sw[:B0,B1] (RX,TX); default: the chip's own\n"
" reset_hex: reset vector (default: base with a boot section, else 0)\n"
" resume_flash: raw full-flash image loaded instead of the ELF — a prior\n"
" run's dump, for power-fail resume tests\n",
argv[0]);
return 2;
}
argv += optind - 1; // argv[1] is the ELF again, whatever was parsed
const char *mcu_name = argv[2];
uint32_t base = (uint32_t)strtoul(argv[4], NULL, 0);
unsigned page = (unsigned)atoi(argv[5]);
unsigned baud = (unsigned)atoi(argv[6]);
dump_path = argv[7];
int is_mega = strncmp(mcu_name, "atmega", 6) == 0;
if (!link_given)
link_software = !is_mega; // the chips' natural links: USART0, or PB0/PB1
avr = avr_make_mcu_by_name(mcu_name);
if (!avr) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: no %s core\n", mcu_name);
return 1;
}
avr_init(avr);
avr->frequency = (uint32_t)strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 0);
memset(avr->flash, 0xff, avr->flashend + 1); // real flash powers up erased
if (args > 8) {
// Resume: the full flash image of an interrupted prior run.
FILE *f = fopen(argv[9], "rb");
if (!f || fread(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f) == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: cannot read %s\n", argv[9]);
return 1;
}
fclose(f);
} else {
elf_firmware_t fw = {0};
if (elf_read_firmware(argv[1], &fw) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: cannot read %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}
memcpy(avr->flash + base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize);
}
// The boot-sectioned megas enter the loader in hardware (BOOTRST, not
// modeled — the argument picks the modeled fuse's target); the tinies
// and the boot-section-less m48s reset to word 0 like silicon — erased
// flash walks up into the loader, and after the host's surgery the
// patched vector routes there.
int boot_section = is_mega && strncmp(mcu_name, "atmega48", 8) != 0;
reset_pc = args > 7 ? (uint32_t)strtoul(argv[8], NULL, 0) : (boot_section ? base : 0);
avr->pc = reset_pc;
avr->codeend = avr->flashend;
// Erased EEPROM, as hardware powers up (simavr zeroes it).
uint8_t blank[1024];
memset(blank, 0xff, sizeof(blank));
avr_eeprom_desc_t seed = {.ee = blank, .offset = 0, .size = 0};
if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &seed) == 0 && seed.size <= sizeof(blank)) {
seed.ee = blank;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_SET, &seed);
}
// The megas carry simavr's avr_flash module (and its two gaps the wrap
// above fixes); the tinies get the NVM module simavr lacks. Which serial
// bridge runs is the link's business, not the chip class's.
if (is_mega) {
fix_mega_flash_erase();
} else {
nvm.page = page;
memset(nvm.buffer, 0xff, sizeof(nvm.buffer));
nvm.io.kind = "tiny_nvm";
nvm.io.ioctl = nvm_ioctl;
avr_register_io(avr, &nvm.io);
}
if (!link_software) {
// POLL_SLEEP paces an idle-polling loader in host real time (a
// no-hardware CPU-saving hack); clear it so cycles run free.
uint32_t flags = 0;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
flags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
uart_pty_init(avr, &uart_pty);
uart_pty_connect(&uart_pty, uart_digit);
printf("PB_PTY %s\n", uart_pty.pty.slavename);
} else {
bit_cycles = (avr->frequency + baud / 2) / baud; // matches uart.hpp's own rounding exactly
rx_pin = avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_rx_port), (unsigned)sw_rx_bit);
avr_irq_register_notify(avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_tx_port), (unsigned)sw_tx_bit), tx_hook,
NULL);
avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 1); // idle line
int slave;
struct termios raw;
cfmakeraw(&raw);
if (openpty(&pty_master, &slave, NULL, &raw, NULL) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "device: openpty failed\n");
return 1;
}
fcntl(pty_master, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
printf("PB_PTY %s\n", ttyname(slave));
}
fflush(stdout);
signal(SIGTERM, finish);
signal(SIGINT, finish);
signal(SIGUSR1, request_reset); // an external reset line, for the tests
long since_poll = 0;
for (;;) {
int state = avr_run(avr);
if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed)
break;
if (reset_requested) {
reset_requested = 0;
avr_reset(avr);
avr->pc = reset_pc;
if (!link_software) { // reset restores the pacing hack; re-clear it
uint32_t flags = 0;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
flags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
} else {
bridge_reset();
}
}
if (link_software && ++since_poll >= 2000) {
since_poll = 0;
poll_pty();
// An unthrottled idle simulation runs the activation window out
// from under the host's real-time knock cadence: a 1 MHz build's
// 8 s window is 8 M cycles — tens of wall milliseconds — so a
// first knock lost to an in-flight reset misses the window
// entirely. Pace the simulation only while the bridge is fully
// quiet (nothing decoding, nothing queued); transfers keep full
// speed, and a quiet window stretches toward real time.
if (!rx_active && !tx_active && rx_head == rx_tail)
usleep(200);
}
}
finish(0);
return 0;
}

668
test/pureboot_device.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
// simavr "device" for the pureboot protocol tests, every chip. Loads the
// boot-linked ELF at the loader base, starts execution there (BOOTRST / the
// patched vector are not what is under test), and exposes the loader's
// serial link as a pty for the real host tool:
//
// - Hardware USART builds: simavr's uart_pty on the selected instance.
// - Software UART builds: an 8N1 bridge between a pty and the GPIO pins,
// timed against the simulated cycle counter (drives the loader's RX,
// decodes its TX).
//
// The link follows the chip's natural default (USART0 on the megas, the
// software UART on PB0/PB1 elsewhere) unless -l overrides it: `-l usart1`
// for the second instance, `-l sw:B5,B1` for a software build's RX,TX pins,
// and `-l sw:D0,D1@0` where those pins are a USART's own — see the pin
// ownership the bridge models below.
//
// simavr's tiny cores decode the SPM opcode but attach no NVM module — SPM
// is a silent no-op (the mega's boot section has one, avr_flash). The
// missing module is supplied here: the SPM ioctl reads SPMCSR/Z/r1:r0 and
// implements buffer fill, page erase, page write, and CTPB, completing
// instantly. RFLB's LPM diversion (fuse readout) stays unmodeled, so the
// 'F' command answers with flash bytes — the tests assert transport only.
//
// On exit (or SIGTERM) the flash and EEPROM are dumped to files for a
// ground-truth cross-check against what the host read back.
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <print>
#include <string_view>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pty.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
// The parts headers (uart_pty.h) carry no C++ linkage guards of their own,
// unlike simavr's core headers — the block covers both harmlessly.
extern "C" {
#include "avr_eeprom.h"
#include "avr_flash.h"
#include "avr_ioport.h"
#include "avr_uart.h"
#include "sim_avr.h"
#include "sim_elf.h"
#include "sim_io.h"
#include "uart_pty.h"
}
namespace {
avr_t *avr;
uart_pty_t uart_pty;
bool link_software;
avr_uart_t *hw_uart; // the pty-driven USART, for the datasheet-reset fix below
char uart_digit = '0';
char sw_rx_port = 'B', sw_tx_port = 'B';
int sw_rx_bit = 0, sw_tx_bit = 1;
char sw_tx_owner = 0; // the USART whose TXD the software link sits on
const char *dump_path;
std::uint32_t reset_pc;
volatile std::sig_atomic_t reset_requested;
// -w: report the cycle of the first transmit activity, once. What the
// activation-window gate reads — with an idle line and an application
// installed, the first thing that ever talks is the application's banner,
// so this cycle *is* the loader's window plus a banner lead measured in
// microseconds. Idle pacing is skipped in this mode: there is no real-time
// host in the loop, and a paced multi-second window would take hours.
bool window_report;
bool window_tx_seen;
void window_first_tx()
{
if (!window_report || window_tx_seen)
return;
window_tx_seen = true;
std::println("PB_WINDOW_TX {}", avr->cycle);
std::fflush(stdout);
}
void window_uart_hook(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t, void *)
{
window_first_tx();
}
// One-wire (RX == TX in the link spec): both directions on one GPIO line
// idling on the firmware's pull-up. The bridge then follows the pin's
// direction the way the real wiring does: it drives only while the
// firmware's DDR bit reads input, decodes transitions as the firmware's
// transmit only while the firmware owns the line, ignores its own raises
// coming back through the shared irq — and echoes every byte it drives back
// to the pty, which is what the host-side FTDI tie does and what the host
// tool's --one-wire mode reads back and discards.
bool link_one_wire;
bool mcu_owns_line;
bool self_drive;
int parse_link(std::string_view spec)
{
if (spec == "usart0" || spec == "usart1") {
link_software = false;
uart_digit = spec[5];
return 0;
}
if (spec.starts_with("sw")) {
link_software = true;
if (spec.size() == 2)
return 0;
char owner = 0;
int fields =
std::sscanf(spec.data() + 2, ":%c%d,%c%d@%c", &sw_rx_port, &sw_rx_bit, &sw_tx_port, &sw_tx_bit, &owner);
if (fields == 4 || fields == 5) {
sw_tx_owner = owner;
link_one_wire = sw_rx_port == sw_tx_port && sw_rx_bit == sw_tx_bit;
return 0;
}
}
return -1;
}
// simavr 1.6's avr_flash PGERS handler erases spm_pagesize bytes starting at
// Z & ~1 instead of the page containing Z (its PGWRT path masks correctly) —
// hardware ignores the in-page bits (§26.8.1), so an erase issued with Z
// anywhere inside the page wipes half the neighbouring page in simulation
// only. Wrap the mega's registered flash ioctl and re-dispatch page erases
// with Z forced to the page boundary; everything else passes through.
//
// A second gap on the boot-section-less m48s: their RWWSRE bit is the
// temporary-buffer discard (Atmel-8271 §26.2/§26.3.1), but the stock model
// gates its RWWSRE branch on AVR_SELFPROG_HAVE_RWW — absent on the m48
// core — so the discard store falls through into the buffer-fill branch and
// plants whatever Z/R1:R0 happen to hold. Perform the silicon's discard
// here instead.
avr_flash_t *mega_flash;
int (*mega_flash_ioctl)(avr_io_t *io, std::uint32_t ctl, void *param);
int fixed_flash_ioctl(avr_io_t *io, std::uint32_t ctl, void *param)
{
if (ctl == AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM && avr_regbit_get(io->avr, mega_flash->pgers)) {
auto z = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(io->avr->data[30] | (io->avr->data[31] << 8));
auto masked = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(z & ~(mega_flash->spm_pagesize - 1));
io->avr->data[30] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(masked);
io->avr->data[31] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(masked >> 8);
int result = mega_flash_ioctl(io, ctl, param);
io->avr->data[30] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(z);
io->avr->data[31] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(z >> 8);
return result;
}
if (ctl == AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM && !(mega_flash->flags & AVR_SELFPROG_HAVE_RWW) &&
(io->avr->data[mega_flash->r_spm] & 0x11) == 0x11) { // RWWSRE|SELFPRGEN: the m48 buffer discard
for (int i = 0; i < mega_flash->spm_pagesize / 2; i++) {
mega_flash->tmppage[i] = 0xffff;
mega_flash->tmppage_used[i] = 0;
}
avr_regbit_clear(io->avr, mega_flash->selfprgen);
return 0;
}
return mega_flash_ioctl(io, ctl, param);
}
void fix_mega_flash_erase()
{
for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next) {
if (io->kind && std::string_view{io->kind} == "flash") {
mega_flash = reinterpret_cast<avr_flash_t *>(io);
mega_flash_ioctl = io->ioctl;
io->ioctl = fixed_flash_ioctl;
return;
}
}
std::println(stderr, "device: no flash module to fix — SPM page erases may misalign");
}
void request_reset(int)
{
reset_requested = 1;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------- tiny NVM ---
struct tiny_nvm_t {
avr_io_t io;
std::uint8_t buffer[128];
std::uint8_t used[128]; // a buffer word loads once until erased — like silicon
unsigned page;
};
tiny_nvm_t nvm;
int nvm_ioctl(avr_io_t *io, std::uint32_t ctl, void *)
{
if (ctl != AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM)
return -1;
auto *n = reinterpret_cast<tiny_nvm_t *>(io);
avr_t *mcu = io->avr;
std::uint8_t command = mcu->data[0x57] & 0x1f; // SPMCSR, both tinies
auto z = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(mcu->data[30] | (mcu->data[31] << 8));
std::uint32_t page_base = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(z & ~(n->page - 1)) % (mcu->flashend + 1);
if (command == 0x01) { // SPMEN alone: buffer fill from r1:r0
unsigned offset = z & (n->page - 1) & ~1u;
if (!n->used[offset]) { // first write wins until the buffer clears
n->buffer[offset] = mcu->data[0];
n->buffer[offset + 1] = mcu->data[1];
n->used[offset] = 1;
}
} else if (command == 0x03) { // PGERS
std::memset(mcu->flash + page_base, 0xff, n->page);
} else if (command == 0x05) { // PGWRT: programming only clears bits
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n->page; i++)
mcu->flash[page_base + i] &= n->buffer[i];
std::memset(n->buffer, 0xff, n->page);
std::memset(n->used, 0, n->page);
} else if (command == 0x11) { // CTPB
std::memset(n->buffer, 0xff, n->page);
std::memset(n->used, 0, n->page);
}
mcu->data[0x57] &= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(~0x1f); // the operation completes instantly
return 0;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------- GPIO bridge ---
int pty_master = -1;
avr_irq_t *rx_pin; // the loader's RX (PB0), driven from the pty
avr_cycle_count_t bit_cycles;
int tx_level = 1, tx_active, tx_bit;
std::uint8_t tx_shift;
avr_cycle_count_t tx_sample(avr_t *, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *)
{
if (tx_bit < 0) {
// Half a bit into the start bit: a real receiver re-samples here and
// abandons a false start. The device's own init produces one — DDR
// drives the pin low for the instructions until the idle level is
// written — and without this check that glitch decodes as a stray
// byte (and would read as first transmit activity under -w).
if (tx_level) {
tx_active = 0;
return 0;
}
window_first_tx();
tx_bit = 0;
return when + bit_cycles;
}
if (tx_bit < 8) {
tx_shift = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((tx_shift >> 1) | (tx_level ? 0x80 : 0));
if (++tx_bit < 8)
return when + bit_cycles;
// The byte is delivered at the stop bit's sampling point (9.5 bit
// times), where a hardware receiver raises its RXC — not sooner: a
// host answering before the stop bit would put its start bit on the
// wire while the device is still driving, which the device,
// transmitting, is not watching for.
return when + bit_cycles;
}
if (write(pty_master, &tx_shift, 1) != 1)
std::println(stderr, "device: pty write lost a byte");
tx_active = 0;
return 0;
}
// A USART owns its TxD pin whenever its transmitter is enabled, and the port
// register cannot drive it (§20.2 / Atmel-8271 §19.2) — which is why a
// bit-banged link deployed on those pins is mute until it clears UCSRnB.
// simavr wires a USART entirely through IRQs and never touches the port pin
// model, so the ownership does not exist there and the mute cannot happen:
// supply it, or the very state this models is untestable. The link spec's
// trailing @n names the USART; without one the pins are nobody's.
avr_uart_t *tx_owner;
bool tx_pin_taken()
{
if (!tx_owner)
return false;
if (avr_regbit_get(avr, tx_owner->txen))
return true;
// One-wire on the USART's RXD: RXEN forces the shared pin's direction to
// input (§20.7.3), so the firmware's drive goes nowhere until the
// release — the receive-side twin of the TXD hold.
return link_one_wire && avr_regbit_get(avr, tx_owner->rxen);
}
// simavr leaves TXEN set in UCSRnB out of reset, where silicon clears the
// whole register (§20.11.3) — which would hand the pin to a USART no code has
// enabled, making a freshly reset chip mute for reasons hardware does not
// have. Reset it the way the datasheet does, so the ownership starts from
// nobody's and only an application that really enables the USART takes it.
void reset_tx_owner()
{
if (tx_owner)
avr_regbit_clear(avr, tx_owner->txen);
}
void find_tx_owner()
{
for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next)
if (io->kind && std::string_view{io->kind} == "uart" &&
reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io)->name == sw_tx_owner) {
tx_owner = reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io);
reset_tx_owner();
return;
}
std::println(stderr, "device: no USART{} to own the software link's TX pin", sw_tx_owner);
}
void tx_hook(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t value, void *)
{
if (link_one_wire && (self_drive || !mcu_owns_line)) {
// The bridge's own drive coming back through the shared irq, or a
// transition while the line is the bridge's — either way not the
// firmware talking: the decoder sees an idle line.
tx_level = 1;
return;
}
if (tx_pin_taken()) { // the USART holds the line; the port write goes nowhere
tx_level = 1;
return;
}
int level = value & 1;
if (!tx_active && tx_level == 1 && level == 0) { // start edge, confirmed mid-bit
tx_active = 1;
tx_bit = -1;
avr_cycle_timer_register(avr, bit_cycles / 2, tx_sample, nullptr);
}
tx_level = level;
}
std::uint8_t rx_queue[8192];
unsigned rx_head, rx_tail; // ring: head = next to send
int rx_active, rx_bit;
std::uint8_t rx_byte;
void rx_start_next();
// Every level the bridge itself puts on the line goes through here, so the
// shared-pin decoder can tell its own drive from the firmware's.
void bridge_drive(int level)
{
self_drive = true;
avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(level));
self_drive = false;
}
avr_cycle_count_t rx_step(avr_t *, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *)
{
if (rx_bit < 8) {
bridge_drive((rx_byte >> rx_bit) & 1);
rx_bit++;
return when + bit_cycles;
}
if (rx_bit == 8) { // stop bit, plus one idle bit of margin
bridge_drive(1);
// The host-side tie: an FTDI adapter on a one-wire line reads every
// byte it transmits — supply that echo, which the host tool's
// --one-wire mode consumes as its wiring check.
if (link_one_wire && write(pty_master, &rx_byte, 1) != 1)
std::println(stderr, "device: pty echo lost a byte");
rx_bit++;
return when + 2 * bit_cycles;
}
rx_active = 0;
rx_start_next();
return 0;
}
void rx_start_next()
{
if (rx_active || rx_head == rx_tail)
return;
// The firmware is answering on the shared line: hold the byte — a real
// host's transmission waits out the reply on the wire too. The next
// poll_pty tick retries once the line is handed back.
if (link_one_wire && mcu_owns_line)
return;
rx_byte = rx_queue[rx_head];
rx_head = (rx_head + 1) % sizeof(rx_queue);
rx_active = 1;
rx_bit = 0;
bridge_drive(0); // start bit
avr_cycle_timer_register(avr, bit_cycles, rx_step, nullptr);
}
// The shared pin's direction is the line's ownership: DDR-out is the
// firmware driving a frame, DDR-in hands the line back to the bridge.
void on_ddr(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t value, void *)
{
const bool owns = (value >> sw_rx_bit) & 1;
if (mcu_owns_line && !owns)
bridge_drive(1); // hand-back: a turn-based host idles here, and the cache stays truthful
mcu_owns_line = owns;
// A byte held back while the firmware answered starts from the next
// poll_pty tick, never from inside the DDR write itself — the port
// model's own pull-up re-derivation runs right after this notify and
// would erase a start edge raised here.
}
// A reset abandons whatever the bridge was mid-transfer: bytes still queued
// for a chip that no longer has the context to receive them meaningfully,
// and a decode in progress on a TX line the reset may have already changed.
// The pending cycle timers must go with the state: avr_reset drops the TX
// output latch, whose falling edge starts a spurious decode before this
// runs, and a stale tx_sample would then interleave with the loader's first
// real answer through the shared shift state, corrupting it.
void bridge_reset()
{
avr_cycle_timer_cancel(avr, tx_sample, nullptr);
avr_cycle_timer_cancel(avr, rx_step, nullptr);
rx_head = rx_tail = 0;
rx_active = 0;
tx_active = 0;
tx_level = 1;
mcu_owns_line = false; // avr_reset zeroed DDR: every pin reads input again
// Re-drive the idle line through a forced transition: ioport pin irqs are
// IRQ_FLAG_FILTERED, and avr_reset zeroes the port latch while the irq
// keeps its pre-reset cached value — so a plain raise(1) against a cached
// 1 is dropped and the device reads the line stuck low. A loader entering
// calibration on that line measures reset-to-first-edge as one giant
// pulse and mis-locks or boots the application on the first real knock.
// No cycles run between the two raises, so the device only ever sees the
// final idle-high.
bridge_drive(0);
bridge_drive(1);
}
void poll_pty()
{
std::uint8_t chunk[256];
ssize_t got = read(pty_master, chunk, sizeof(chunk));
for (ssize_t i = 0; i < got; i++) {
unsigned next = (rx_tail + 1) % sizeof(rx_queue);
if (next == rx_head)
break; // full: the host will retry on timeout
rx_queue[rx_tail] = chunk[i];
rx_tail = next;
}
// Unconditional: a byte held back while the firmware owned a shared
// line restarts from here once the hand-back has happened.
rx_start_next();
}
// ------------------------------------------------------------------ main ---
[[noreturn]] void finish(int)
{
if (dump_path) {
std::FILE *f = std::fopen(dump_path, "wb");
if (f) {
std::fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f);
std::fclose(f);
}
avr_eeprom_desc_t ee = {.ee = nullptr, .offset = 0, .size = 0};
if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &ee) == 0 && ee.ee && ee.size) {
char path[512];
std::snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s.eeprom", dump_path);
f = std::fopen(path, "wb");
if (f) {
std::fwrite(ee.ee, 1, ee.size, f);
std::fclose(f);
}
}
}
if (!link_software)
uart_pty_stop(&uart_pty);
_exit(0);
}
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
bool link_given = false;
for (int opt; (opt = getopt(argc, argv, "l:w")) != -1;) {
if (opt == 'w') {
window_report = true;
continue;
}
if (opt != 'l' || parse_link(optarg) != 0) {
std::println(stderr, "device: bad link spec (usart0, usart1, sw, or sw:B0,B1 as RX,TX)");
return 2;
}
link_given = true;
}
int args = argc - optind;
if (args < 7 || args > 9) {
std::print(stderr,
"usage: {} [-l link] [-w] <pureboot.elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page> <baud> <flash_dump>"
" [reset_hex] [resume_flash]\n"
" -l link: usart0 | usart1 | sw[:B0,B1[@0]] (RX,TX, then the USART owning\n"
" them); default: the chip's own\n"
" -w: print PB_WINDOW_TX <cycle> at the first transmit activity and\n"
" free-run idle time (window measurement mode)\n"
" reset_hex: reset vector (default: base with a boot section, else 0)\n"
" resume_flash: raw full-flash image loaded instead of the ELF — a prior\n"
" run's dump, for power-fail resume tests\n",
argv[0]);
return 2;
}
argv += optind - 1; // argv[1] is the ELF again, whatever was parsed
const std::string_view mcu_name = argv[2];
auto base = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(std::strtoul(argv[4], nullptr, 0));
auto page = static_cast<unsigned>(std::atoi(argv[5]));
auto baud = static_cast<unsigned>(std::atoi(argv[6]));
dump_path = argv[7];
const bool is_mega = mcu_name.starts_with("atmega");
if (!link_given)
link_software = !is_mega; // the chips' natural links: USART0, or PB0/PB1
avr = avr_make_mcu_by_name(mcu_name.data());
if (!avr) {
std::println(stderr, "device: no {} core", mcu_name);
return 1;
}
avr_init(avr);
avr->frequency = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(std::strtoul(argv[3], nullptr, 0));
std::memset(avr->flash, 0xff, avr->flashend + 1); // real flash powers up erased
if (args > 8) {
// Resume: the full flash image of an interrupted prior run.
std::FILE *f = std::fopen(argv[9], "rb");
if (!f || std::fread(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f) == 0) {
std::println(stderr, "device: cannot read {}", argv[9]);
return 1;
}
std::fclose(f);
} else {
elf_firmware_t fw{};
if (elf_read_firmware(argv[1], &fw) != 0) {
std::println(stderr, "device: cannot read {}", argv[1]);
return 1;
}
// An image past flash end would smash the simulator's heap and turn
// into phantom peripheral behavior (lessons: believe the size gate
// first) — refuse it loudly instead.
if (base + fw.flashsize > avr->flashend + 1) {
std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} — image does not fit its slot",
fw.flashsize, base, avr->flashend);
return 1;
}
std::memcpy(avr->flash + base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize);
}
// The boot-sectioned megas enter the loader in hardware (BOOTRST, not
// modeled — the argument picks the modeled fuse's target); the tinies
// and the boot-section-less m48s reset to word 0 like silicon — erased
// flash walks up into the loader, and after the host's surgery the
// patched vector routes there.
const bool boot_section = is_mega && !mcu_name.starts_with("atmega48");
reset_pc = args > 7 ? static_cast<std::uint32_t>(std::strtoul(argv[8], nullptr, 0)) : (boot_section ? base : 0);
avr->pc = reset_pc;
avr->codeend = avr->flashend;
// Erased EEPROM, as hardware powers up (simavr zeroes it).
std::uint8_t blank[1024];
std::memset(blank, 0xff, sizeof(blank));
avr_eeprom_desc_t seed = {.ee = blank, .offset = 0, .size = 0};
if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &seed) == 0 && seed.size <= sizeof(blank)) {
seed.ee = blank;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_SET, &seed);
}
// The megas carry simavr's avr_flash module (and its two gaps the wrap
// above fixes); the tinies get the NVM module simavr lacks. Which serial
// bridge runs is the link's business, not the chip class's.
if (is_mega) {
fix_mega_flash_erase();
} else {
nvm.page = page;
std::memset(nvm.buffer, 0xff, sizeof(nvm.buffer));
nvm.io.kind = "tiny_nvm";
nvm.io.ioctl = nvm_ioctl;
avr_register_io(avr, &nvm.io);
}
if (!link_software) {
// POLL_SLEEP paces an idle-polling loader in host real time (a
// no-hardware CPU-saving hack); clear it so cycles run free.
std::uint32_t flags = 0;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
flags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
// simavr leaves TXEN set out of reset where silicon clears the whole
// UCSR#B (§20.11.3). Harmless to a loader that enables TXEN itself —
// but a half-duplex build's receiver-only init then *drops* TXEN,
// and this uart model clears UDRE on that edge and never re-raises
// it on a later enable: the first transmitter after the hand-over
// waits UDRE forever, a wedge silicon does not have. Start from the
// datasheet's zero, as the software bridge's tx-owner model does.
for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next)
if (io->kind && std::string_view{io->kind} == "uart" &&
reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io)->name == uart_digit)
hw_uart = reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io);
if (hw_uart)
avr_regbit_clear(avr, hw_uart->txen);
uart_pty_init(avr, &uart_pty);
uart_pty_connect(&uart_pty, uart_digit);
if (window_report)
avr_irq_register_notify(avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GETIRQ(uart_digit), UART_IRQ_OUTPUT),
window_uart_hook, nullptr);
std::println("PB_PTY {}", uart_pty.pty.slavename);
} else {
bit_cycles = (avr->frequency + baud / 2) / baud; // matches uart.hpp's own rounding exactly
if (sw_tx_owner)
find_tx_owner();
rx_pin = avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_rx_port), static_cast<unsigned>(sw_rx_bit));
avr_irq_register_notify(
avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_tx_port), static_cast<unsigned>(sw_tx_bit)), tx_hook,
nullptr);
if (link_one_wire)
avr_irq_register_notify(avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_rx_port), IOPORT_IRQ_DIRECTION_ALL),
on_ddr, nullptr);
bridge_drive(1); // idle line
int slave;
struct termios raw;
cfmakeraw(&raw);
if (openpty(&pty_master, &slave, nullptr, &raw, nullptr) != 0) {
std::println(stderr, "device: openpty failed");
return 1;
}
fcntl(pty_master, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
std::println("PB_PTY {}", ttyname(slave));
}
std::fflush(stdout);
std::signal(SIGTERM, finish);
std::signal(SIGINT, finish);
std::signal(SIGUSR1, request_reset); // an external reset line, for the tests
long since_poll = 0;
for (;;) {
int state = avr_run(avr);
if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed)
break;
if (reset_requested) {
reset_requested = 0;
avr_reset(avr);
avr->pc = reset_pc;
if (!link_software) { // reset restores the pacing hack; re-clear it
std::uint32_t flags = 0;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
flags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
if (hw_uart) // and simavr's bogus reset TXEN (§20.11.3: zero)
avr_regbit_clear(avr, hw_uart->txen);
} else {
bridge_reset();
reset_tx_owner();
}
}
if (link_software && ++since_poll >= 2000) {
since_poll = 0;
poll_pty();
// An unthrottled idle simulation runs the activation window out
// from under the host's real-time knock cadence: a 1 MHz build's
// 8 s window is 8 M cycles — tens of wall milliseconds — so a
// first knock lost to an in-flight reset misses the window
// entirely. Pace the simulation only while the bridge is fully
// quiet (nothing decoding, nothing queued); transfers keep full
// speed, and a quiet window stretches toward real time.
if (!window_report && !rx_active && !tx_active && rx_head == rx_tail)
usleep(200);
}
}
finish(0);
}

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Host-tool activation handshake: bounded against a line that misbehaves.
`_handshake` drains the line after it sees a prompt, to absorb a real loader's
trailing bytes before it asks for the identity. That drain must be bounded: a
target that never falls quiet — a board stuck in a reset loop presents exactly
this, ~60 reboots/s of UART-reset garbage in which a stray 0x2b reads as a
prompt — otherwise spins the tool forever. Regression for that hang, plus a
control that a well-behaved loader still connects.
The handshake must also survive its own leftovers: after `--stay` the loader's
final prompt can still be in the USB pipeline when the next invocation opens
the port, and on a board wired to reset on open, that opening starts a fresh
activation window the stale prompt then betrays — the tool commits to an
identity read against a device that never heard its knock, and what it finally
collects is the application's banner. StaleDTRPort is that moment as a port.
Stdlib only, no device: host-tool logic, so it runs on every chip's preset
beside pureboot.planner.
"""
import importlib.util
import pathlib
import threading
import time
PB = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "pureboot" / "pureboot.py"
_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("pureboot", PB)
pb = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
_spec.loader.exec_module(pb)
P = F = 0
def check(name, ok):
global P, F
P, F = P + (1 if ok else 0), F + (0 if ok else 1)
print(f" [{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] {name}")
class FloodPort:
"""A line that never falls quiet: read_available always returns bytes, and
they contain a prompt. No identity ever completes."""
def flush_input(self):
pass
def write(self, data):
pass
def read_available(self, wait):
time.sleep(0.01) # a real read waits; keep the busy loop off a core
return b"+\x00\xff"
def read_exact(self, count, timeout):
raise pb.Error("no identity")
class LoaderPort:
"""A well-behaved pureboot 5: a prompt to the knock, then quiet, then the
slim identity (version 5 + m328p signature) and a closing prompt."""
def __init__(self):
self.pending = b""
self.exacts = 0
def flush_input(self):
self.pending = b""
def write(self, data):
if b"p" in data:
self.pending = b"+" # the prompt answers the knock, nothing else
def read_available(self, wait):
data, self.pending = self.pending, b""
return data
def read_exact(self, count, timeout):
self.exacts += 1
return b"\x05\x1e\x95\x0f" if self.exacts == 1 else b"+" # identity, then prompt
class StaleDTRPort:
"""`--stay`, then a fresh invocation on a board that resets when its port
opens. Three facts of that moment, all timed from the open: the previous
session's final prompt is still in transit and lands only after the
opening flush has already run; the reset holds the device off the line
at first, eating anything written before it completes; and the fresh
window is finite — once it expires the application boots and prints a
banner whose bytes are what a pending identity read collects. A
handshake that trusts the stale prompt spends the whole window waiting
on a device that never heard its knock; one that drains the line first
knocks into the real window and connects."""
STALE_AT = 0.02 # the leftover prompt becomes visible (post-flush)
READY_AT = 0.05 # reset complete, activation window opens
WINDOW = 1.0 # window length; expiry boots the application
def __init__(self):
self.t0 = time.monotonic()
# (visible-from, bytes): the line as a timed queue.
self.queue = [(self.t0 + self.STALE_AT, b"+")]
self.armed = False # a 'p' heard inside the window arms 'b'
self.booted = False
def _boot_check(self):
if not self.booted and time.monotonic() > self.t0 + self.READY_AT + self.WINDOW:
self.booted = True
self.queue.append((self.t0 + self.READY_AT + self.WINDOW,
b"W r libavr tempmon\r\n"))
def _visible(self):
self._boot_check()
now = time.monotonic()
return b"".join(d for t, d in self.queue if t <= now)
def _consume(self, n):
now = time.monotonic()
left = []
for t, d in self.queue:
if t <= now and n:
take = min(n, len(d))
d = d[take:]
n -= take
if d:
left.append((t, d))
self.queue = left
def flush_input(self):
self._consume(len(self._visible()))
def write(self, data):
self._boot_check()
now = time.monotonic()
if now < self.t0 + self.READY_AT or self.booted:
return # still in reset, or the application owns the line
if b"p" in data:
self.armed = True
self.queue.append((now + 0.01, b"+"))
if b"b" in data and self.armed:
# The slim identity (version 5 + m328p signature) and a prompt.
self.queue.append((now + 0.01, b"\x05\x1e\x95\x0f+"))
def read_available(self, wait):
deadline = time.monotonic() + wait
while True:
data = self._visible()
if data:
self._consume(len(data))
return data
if time.monotonic() >= deadline:
return b""
time.sleep(0.005)
def read_exact(self, count, timeout):
deadline = time.monotonic() + timeout
data = b""
while len(data) < count:
visible = self._visible()
if visible:
take = visible[:count - len(data)]
self._consume(len(take))
data += take
elif time.monotonic() >= deadline:
raise pb.Error(f"timeout: got {len(data)} of {count} bytes")
else:
time.sleep(0.005)
return data
def terminates(port, wait, budget):
"""Run connect_autobaud in a thread; True if it returns/raises within
`budget` seconds rather than hanging."""
done = threading.Event()
def run():
try:
pb.Loader(port).connect_autobaud(wait)
except Exception:
pass
finally:
done.set()
threading.Thread(target=run, daemon=True).start()
return done.wait(budget)
def main():
# the hang: a flooding target must not spin the drain forever. With wait=0.5
# the whole handshake has to give up well inside a few seconds.
check("flooding target: handshake terminates, drain is bounded",
terminates(FloodPort(), wait=0.5, budget=4.0))
# the control: a real loader still connects and reads identity.
info = pb.Loader(LoaderPort()).connect_autobaud(2.0)
check("well-behaved loader still connects (version 5)", info.version == 5)
# the stale prompt: a --stay leftover plus reset-on-open must not burn the
# fresh window — the pre-knock drain absorbs it and the first real knock
# lands inside the window.
try:
stale_ok = pb.Loader(StaleDTRPort()).connect(2.5).version == 5
except pb.Error as failed:
print(f" ({failed})")
stale_ok = False
check("stale --stay prompt + reset-on-open: connects in the fresh window", stale_ok)
print(f"\n {P} passed, {F} failed")
return 1 if F else 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""--scan's walk and report logic, no simulator: the probe order, the rate
arithmetic, and the advice's direction. The rate physics itself is not
sim-testable — a pty carries bytes at any termios rate — so what the wire
would arbitrate is pinned here as logic instead.
Usage: test_scan.py <tool_py>
"""
import os
import sys
def fail(message):
print(f"FAIL: {message}")
sys.exit(1)
def main():
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])))
import pureboot as pb
walk = pb.scan_ratios()
if walk != [0, -2, 2, -4, 4, -6, 6, -8, 8, -10, 10]:
fail(f"probe walk is not built-rate-first, nearest-out: {walk}")
if pb.scan_rate(9600, 4) != 9984 or pb.scan_rate(9600, -4) != 9216:
fail("probe rate arithmetic")
if pb.scan_rate(115200, 0) != 115200:
fail("the built rate must probe unchanged")
# A loader answering fast means a fast oscillator: the trim goes down.
report = "\n".join(pb.scan_report(9600, 4, 6))
for needle in ("9984", "+4 %", "--baud 9984", "4 steps lower", "pureboot 6"):
if needle not in report:
fail(f"+4 % report lacks {needle!r}:\n{report}")
report = "\n".join(pb.scan_report(9600, -6, 6))
if "6 steps higher" not in report:
fail(f"-6 % report advises the wrong direction:\n{report}")
report = "\n".join(pb.scan_report(9600, 0, 6))
if "none" not in report or "steps" in report:
fail(f"an on-rate answer must advise no trim:\n{report}")
report = "\n".join(pb.scan_report(9600, 4, 6, clock=9600000))
if "9984000" not in report:
fail(f"the absolute clock must scale with the found ratio:\n{report}")
# The walk's rates mostly have no termios B-constant, so the POSIX port
# must set them through termios2 — probed on a pty, which accepts the
# ioctl without caring about the speed. Without this every off-nominal
# probe would abort the walk on the platform --scan matters most on.
if os.name == "posix":
import pty
master, slave = pty.openpty()
try:
port = pb.Port(os.ttyname(slave), pb.scan_rate(9600, 4))
port.set_baud(pb.scan_rate(9600, -4))
port.close()
except pb.Error as error:
fail(f"PosixPort refused an off-nominal probe rate: {error}")
finally:
os.close(master)
os.close(slave)
print("OK")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

167
test/test_update_link.py Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Self-update across a link change: the host must follow the staging copy.
`--update-loader` installs the new image in the staging slot and then *enters
it* to have it rewrite the resident. That copy is the new image, so it speaks the
new image's baud and backend — but the host was talking to the *resident*. Where
the two differ, the host kept knocking at the old rate in the old mode, the
staging copy never answered, and the update stranded: staging installed, resident
untouched, and on a 1 KiB tiny the application region (which *is* the staging
slot there) already gone.
The wire cannot be probed for this — 512 bytes of position-independent code carry
no header saying what rate they were built for — so the operator declares it, and
a mismatch with nothing declared has to say so instead of reporting a bare
timeout.
Stdlib only, no device: host-tool logic, so it runs on every chip's preset beside
pureboot.planner.
"""
import importlib.util
import pathlib
PB = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1] / "pureboot" / "pureboot.py"
_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("pureboot", PB)
pb = importlib.util.module_from_spec(_spec)
_spec.loader.exec_module(pb)
IDENTITY = b"\x05\x1e\x95\x0f" # pureboot 5 + m328p signature
P = F = 0
def check(name, ok, detail=""):
global P, F
P, F = P + (1 if ok else 0), F + (0 if ok else 1)
print(f" [{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] {name}" + (f" — {detail}" if detail else ""))
class TwoLinkPort:
"""A board whose resident and staging copy answer on different links.
Only the rate currently set decides who can be heard, which is the physical
truth: a loader's bit timing is a cycle count, so a copy built for another
rate is unreadable until the host retunes. The knock bytes carry the mode, so
a backend mismatch is caught the same way.
"""
def __init__(self, resident=(57600, False), staged=(38400, False)):
self.resident, self.staged = resident, staged
self.baud = resident[0]
self.entered = False # a 'J' has handed control to the staging copy
self.switches = [] # every retune the host asked for
self.pending = bytearray() # what the device has queued to send
# --- the part under test needs this to exist at all
def set_baud(self, baud):
self.baud = baud
self.switches.append(baud)
def flush_input(self):
self.pending.clear()
def _audible(self, knock=None):
baud, autobaud = self.staged if self.entered else self.resident
if self.baud != baud:
return False
if knock is None:
return True
return knock == (bytes((pb.CALIBRATE, ord("p"))) if autobaud else b"pb")
def write(self, data):
data = bytes(data)
if data[:1] == b"J" and len(data) == 3:
# The resident acks the jump, then control moves to the copy.
if self._audible():
self.pending += pb.PROMPT
self.entered = True
elif data in (b"pb", bytes((pb.CALIBRATE, ord("p")))):
if self._audible(data):
self.pending += pb.PROMPT
elif data == b"b":
if self._audible():
self.pending += IDENTITY + pb.PROMPT
def read_available(self, wait):
out, self.pending = bytes(self.pending), bytearray()
return out
def read_exact(self, count, timeout):
if len(self.pending) < count:
raise pb.Error(f"timeout: got {len(self.pending)} of {count} bytes")
out, self.pending = bytes(self.pending[:count]), self.pending[count:]
return out
def connected(port):
"""A Loader already in session with the resident."""
loader = pb.Loader(port)
loader.connect(2.0)
return loader
def main():
# The control first: where the staged image keeps the resident's link, the
# flow works and needs no retune. This is the case that always passed, and
# it is what made the bug look like "self-update is broken" rather than
# "self-update cannot change the link".
port = TwoLinkPort(resident=(57600, False), staged=(57600, False))
loader = connected(port)
try:
loader.enter_copy(0x7C00, 2.0)
check("same link: staging copy entered", True)
except pb.Error as error:
check("same link: staging copy entered", False, str(error))
# A baud change, declared. The host must retune before knocking.
port = TwoLinkPort(resident=(57600, False), staged=(38400, False))
loader = connected(port)
try:
loader.enter_copy(0x7C00, 2.0, link=(38400, False))
check("baud change declared: entered after retuning", 38400 in port.switches,
f"switches={port.switches}")
except (pb.Error, TypeError) as error:
check("baud change declared: entered after retuning", False, repr(error))
# A backend change, declared: the knock itself has to become the calibration
# pulse, or an autobaud staging copy never hears a thing.
port = TwoLinkPort(resident=(57600, False), staged=(57600, True))
loader = connected(port)
try:
loader.enter_copy(0x7C00, 2.0, link=(57600, True))
check("backend change declared: entered as autobaud", True)
except (pb.Error, TypeError) as error:
check("backend change declared: entered as autobaud", False, repr(error))
# Nothing declared against a changed link: it still cannot work, but the
# error has to name the cause. A bare "no answer" sent the operator looking
# at the wiring while the application region sat erased.
port = TwoLinkPort(resident=(57600, False), staged=(38400, False))
loader = connected(port)
try:
loader.enter_copy(0x7C00, 0.3)
check("undeclared mismatch: reported", False, "unexpectedly succeeded")
except pb.Error as error:
text = str(error).lower()
check("undeclared mismatch: error names the link, not just a timeout",
"link" in text or "baud" in text or "backend" in text, str(error))
except TypeError as error:
check("undeclared mismatch: error names the link, not just a timeout",
False, repr(error))
# The resident's own link must be restored for the caller: a declared
# staging link is for the copy, and the tool talks to the new resident after.
port = TwoLinkPort(resident=(57600, False), staged=(38400, False))
loader = connected(port)
try:
loader.enter_copy(0x7C00, 2.0, link=(38400, False))
check("session records the link it is now speaking", loader.baud == 38400,
f"loader.baud={getattr(loader, 'baud', None)}")
except (pb.Error, TypeError, AttributeError) as error:
check("session records the link it is now speaking", False, repr(error))
print(f"\n {P} passed, {F} failed")
return 1 if F else 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())

10
tools/check.sh
View File

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
# the simulator-driven protocol suites. --full adds the reflect-spot builds # the simulator-driven protocol suites. --full adds the reflect-spot builds
# (libavr's rule: reflect compiles are bounded to its spot set, never the # (libavr's rule: reflect compiles are bounded to its spot set, never the
# full matrix) and swaps the compact size matrix for the exhaustive # full matrix) and swaps the compact size matrix for the exhaustive
# clock × baud × backend cross product. LIBAVR_ROOT must point at the libavr # clock × baud × backend cross product. libavr resolves from the `libavr/`
# checkout. # submodule; LIBAVR_ROOT overrides it for a working tree.
set -e set -e
cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
@@ -36,4 +36,10 @@ if ((full)); then
done done
fi fi
# Every tree is freshly built now — the one moment the README's size table
# can be held to what the images measure (a per-preset ctest sees only its
# own chip; the table needs all of them, and ungated it drifts: a
# common-code shave moves every row at once with nothing over budget).
python3 tools/sizes.py check-readme
echo "check: every chip green" echo "check: every chip green"

23
tools/make_presets.py
View File

@@ -7,11 +7,14 @@ port's TUs compile identically; the sims prove nothing new there) exist for
libavr's reflect spot set only, mirroring its rule: the full reflect matrix libavr's reflect spot set only, mirroring its rule: the full reflect matrix
is never built, one chip per hardware class and pack vintage is. is never built, one chip per hardware class and pack vintage is.
Run from the repo root: tools/make_presets.py Run from the repo root: tools/make_presets.py — or with --check, which
verifies the committed file matches this generator and edits nothing (the
ctest entry `presets.generated` runs that, so drift reds the gate).
""" """
import json import json
import os import os
import sys
CHIPS = [ CHIPS = [
"attiny13", "attiny13a", "attiny25", "attiny45", "attiny85", "attiny13", "attiny13a", "attiny25", "attiny45", "attiny85",
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ def main():
"hidden": True, "hidden": True,
"generator": "Ninja", "generator": "Ninja",
"binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/${presetName}", "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/${presetName}",
"toolchainFile": "$env{LIBAVR_ROOT}/cmake/avr-toolchain.cmake", "toolchainFile": "${sourceDir}/libavr/cmake/avr-toolchain.cmake",
"cacheVariables": { "cacheVariables": {
"CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release", "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release",
"CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS": "ON", "CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS": "ON",
@@ -72,6 +75,9 @@ def main():
for chip in REFLECT_SPOT: for chip in REFLECT_SPOT:
add(chip, "reflect") add(chip, "reflect")
# CMake rejects unknown fields in the presets root, $comment included, so
# the file cannot carry a generated-file marker; the --check ctest is the
# whole of rule 10's guard here.
presets = { presets = {
"version": 8, "version": 8,
"configurePresets": configure, "configurePresets": configure,
@@ -79,12 +85,19 @@ def main():
"testPresets": test, "testPresets": test,
"workflowPresets": workflows, "workflowPresets": workflows,
} }
rendered = json.dumps(presets, indent=1) + "\n"
path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "..", "CMakePresets.json") path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), "..", "CMakePresets.json")
if "--check" in sys.argv[1:]:
current = open(path).read() if os.path.exists(path) else ""
if current != rendered:
print("CMakePresets.json does not match its generator — run tools/make_presets.py")
return 1
return 0
with open(path, "w") as f: with open(path, "w") as f:
json.dump(presets, f, indent=1) f.write(rendered)
f.write("\n")
print(f"{len(CHIPS)} chips, {len(REFLECT_SPOT)} reflect: {os.path.normpath(path)}") print(f"{len(CHIPS)} chips, {len(REFLECT_SPOT)} reflect: {os.path.normpath(path)}")
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__": if __name__ == "__main__":
main() sys.exit(main())

377
tools/pbhw.py Executable file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Hardware acceptance suite for a pureboot deployment.
`tools/check.sh` proves the protocol under simavr on every chip. This proves one
*board*: that the loader actually installed on it answers, that the memories
round-trip over the real link, that the application it flashes runs afterwards,
and that the refusals which keep a 512-byte slot alive still fire. Run it once
when a board is brought up, and again whenever the deployment moves — a new
clock, a new backend, new pins.
Every check derives its bounds from the info block the loader itself reports, so
nothing here is per-chip: the same run covers a 1 KiB tiny whose application
region is 510 usable bytes and a 128 KiB mega whose flash needs a bank in the
selector.
**This overwrites the board's application flash and EEPROM.** Capture them first
with `pbrig.py backup`, which verifies what it captured.
tools/pbhw.py --programmer atmelice_isp --part t13 --port COM6 \
--autobaud --loader build/ab.bin --app build/pbapp.hex \
--marker APP
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import pathlib
import sys
import tempfile
sys.path.insert(0, str(pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent))
import pbrig # noqa: E402
class Suite:
def __init__(self, rig: pbrig.Rig, work: pathlib.Path):
self.rig = rig
self.work = work
self.results: list[tuple[str, bool, str]] = []
def check(self, name: str, ok: bool, detail: str = "") -> bool:
self.results.append((name, ok, detail))
print(f" {'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'} {name}" + (f" {detail}" if detail else ""))
return ok
@staticmethod
def _brief(text: str, limit: int = 78) -> str:
return " | ".join(l.strip() for l in text.splitlines() if l.strip())[:limit]
# ----------------------------------------------------------------- checks
def identity(self) -> object | None:
"""The info block, which every later check takes its bounds from."""
module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
self.rig.reset()
port = self.rig.open_port() # wrapped for the echo where the line is shared
try:
loader = module.Loader(port)
if self.rig.d.autobaud:
loader.connect_autobaud(self.rig.d.wait)
else:
loader.connect(self.rig.d.wait)
info = loader.info
self.check("identity read", True, info.describe())
return info
except Exception as error: # noqa: BLE001 — a dead link is a result
self.check("identity read", False, str(error)[:70])
return None
finally:
try:
port.close()
except Exception:
pass
def scan(self) -> None:
"""The --scan walk against real termios and a real oscillator: every
probe rate must open a port (the off-nominal rates exist only through
termios2), and one probe must answer — the nominal on a healthy board,
a neighbor on a drifted one. The rig injects the one reset per probe
the operator supplies in the field; this is the rate physics the
simulator cannot arbitrate (a pty carries bytes at any rate), pinned
on silicon."""
module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
found = None
try:
for pct in module.scan_ratios():
rate = module.scan_rate(self.rig.d.baud, pct)
self.rig.reset()
try:
# Same wrap as identity(): on a shared line an undiscarded
# echo answers every rate a scan probes, so the walk would
# report the first one it tried.
port = self.rig.open_port(rate)
except module.Error as error:
self.check("scan opens every probe rate", False, f"{rate} Bd: {error}")
return
try:
module.Loader(port).connect(min(self.rig.d.wait, 6.0))
found = pct
break
except module.Error:
continue
finally:
port.close()
except Exception as error: # noqa: BLE001 — a rig hiccup is a result
self.check("scan walks the probe ladder", False, str(error)[:70])
return
self.check("scan finds the board's rate", found is not None,
"no probe answered" if found is None else f"{found:+d} % of {self.rig.d.baud} Bd")
def eeprom(self, info) -> None:
size = info.eeprom_size
if not size:
print(" skip EEPROM (this part has none)")
return
# A pattern no erase or partial write could produce by accident.
pattern = bytes((i * 7 + 3) & 0xFF for i in range(size))
image = self.work / "ee.bin"
image.write_bytes(pattern)
rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--eeprom", str(image), "--verify-eeprom", str(image))
self.check(f"EEPROM write + verify ({size} B)", rc == 0, self._brief(out))
back = self.work / "ee-back.bin"
rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--read-eeprom", str(back))
got = back.read_bytes() if back.exists() else b""
self.check("EEPROM reads back what was written", got == pattern, f"{len(got)} B")
self.rig.pureboot("--erase-eeprom")
erased = self.work / "ee-erased.bin"
self.rig.pureboot("--read-eeprom", str(erased))
got = erased.read_bytes() if erased.exists() else b""
self.check("EEPROM erase leaves 0xff", got == b"\xff" * size, f"{len(got)} B")
def application(self, info, app: pathlib.Path, marker: str,
marker_wait: float = 2.5) -> None:
rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--flash", str(app), "--verify-flash", str(app))
self.check(f"application flash + verify ({app.name})", rc == 0, self._brief(out))
if marker:
# The tool hands over as it ends its session, so the application is
# already running — but only on a board whose DTR is unwired, where
# opening a port simply listens. Where DTR *is* wired to reset (an
# Arduino, most USB-serial dev boards), this open resets the part
# and the activation window comes first, so a marker emitted once at
# startup happens on the far side of a wait this cannot know the
# length of: the window is a compile-time constant and nothing on
# the wire reports it. Hence --marker-wait, and a fixture that
# repeats its banner (PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT) rather than saying it once.
data = self.rig.capture(seconds=marker_wait)
seen = marker.encode() in data
sample = "".join(chr(b) if 32 <= b < 127 else "." for b in data[:40])
self.check(f"application runs (emits {marker!r})", seen,
f"|{sample}|" if seen or data else
f"nothing in {marker_wait:g} s — if this board resets when its port "
f"opens, that wait has to outlast the activation window")
back = self.work / "app-back.bin"
rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--read-flash", str(back))
got = back.read_bytes() if back.exists() else b""
self.check("application flash reads back", rc == 0 and len(got) == info.base,
f"{len(got)} B of {info.base}")
def _witness(self, info, slot_length: int):
"""Read back the erased region and the loader slot: (erased, slot, how).
Prefers ISP, because an independent reader is the only one that can
testify about a loader just asked to erase around itself. Where no
programmer is attached the link answers instead — which is weaker for
exactly the reason it is worth having, a destroyed loader being unable
to report anything at all. The two are never printed under one word:
an absent probe is a fact about the bench, a wrong byte is a verdict on
the loader, and a check that conflates them stops being read.
"""
limit = info.base - 2 if info.patch_vector else info.base
whole = self.work / "whole.bin"
if self.rig.read_memory("flash", whole, "r"):
image = whole.read_bytes()
image += b"\xff" * (info.flash_size - len(image))
return image[0:limit], image[info.base:info.base + slot_length], "ISP"
module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
port = self.rig.open_port()
try:
loader = module.Loader(port)
if self.rig.d.autobaud:
loader.connect_autobaud(self.rig.d.wait)
else:
loader.connect(self.rig.d.wait)
return (loader.read_flash(0, limit),
loader.read_flash(info.base, slot_length),
"the link, no probe attached — the loader's own account")
except Exception as error: # noqa: BLE001 — a dead link is a result
print(f" skip slot checks: no programmer, and the link did not "
f"answer either ({str(error)[:60]})")
return None, None, ""
finally:
try:
port.close()
except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
pass
def erase_and_slot(self, info, loader_image: pathlib.Path | None) -> None:
rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--erase-flash")
self.check("application region erases", rc == 0, self._brief(out))
want = loader_image.read_bytes() if loader_image and loader_image.exists() else b""
erased, slot, how = self._witness(info, len(want))
if erased is None:
return
# Erased application flash, up to the trampoline word the host composes
# on a patched-vector part.
limit = info.base - 2 if info.patch_vector else info.base
self.check("erased application region is 0xff",
set(erased) <= {0xFF}, f"0x0000..{limit:#06x} via {how}")
if want:
self.check("loader slot survives the erase", slot == want,
f"{len(want)} B at {info.base:#06x} via {how}")
else:
print(" skip loader slot comparison (pass --loader <image.bin>)")
def seal(self, info, rounds: int = 1) -> None:
"""The seal, adversarially, over the real link.
pureboot 9 has no running-slot guard: what stops a mangled command from
erasing the loader is the seal and nothing else. So this aims the worst
command the protocol has — an SPM erase at the loader's own first page —
and damages one header byte at a time. Every one must come back NAK with
the slot untouched and the session still in step.
On a board whose link drops or mangles bytes of its own accord this is
also the stress test: `--seal-rounds` repeats it, and a link fault
during a round is indistinguishable to the loader from the damage being
injected, which is the point.
"""
module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
self.rig.reset()
port = self.rig.open_port()
try:
loader = module.Loader(port)
if self.rig.d.autobaud:
loader.connect_autobaud(self.rig.d.wait)
else:
loader.connect(self.rig.d.wait)
if loader.info.version < module.SEALED_LOADER:
print(f" skip seal checks (loader is pureboot {loader.info.version})")
return
head_of = lambda dmg: self._sealed(module, module.OP_WRITE, module.SP_SPM,
info.base, module.SPM_ERASE, dmg)
refused = 0
attempts = 0
for _ in range(rounds):
for index in range(6):
attempts += 1
port.write(head_of((index, 0x01)))
verdict = port.read_exact(1, 5.0)
if verdict != module.NAK:
self.check(f"damaged byte {index} refused", False,
f"verdict {verdict.hex()}")
return
if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != module.PROMPT:
self.check(f"re-prompt after byte {index}", False, "no prompt")
return
refused += 1
self.check("damaged headers refused", refused == attempts,
f"{refused}/{attempts}, every header byte")
self.check("session still in step", loader.identity().raw == info.raw)
# And the slot itself, read back over the link: the loader is the
# thing that would have been erased, so its own account of its
# first bytes is a real witness — an erased page reads all 0xff.
head = loader.read_flash(info.base, 16)
self.check("loader slot intact", set(head) != {0xFF}, head[:8].hex())
except Exception as error: # noqa: BLE001 — a dead link is a result
self.check("seal checks", False, str(error)[:70])
finally:
try:
port.close()
except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
pass
@staticmethod
def _sealed(module, op, space, address, count, damage=None):
"""A sealed header, damaged after sealing — the shape a link fault has."""
head = bytearray((op, module.selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
(address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
seal = module.SEAL
for byte in head:
seal ^= byte
out = bytearray(head + bytes((seal,)))
if damage:
out[damage[0]] ^= damage[1]
return bytes(out)
def refusals(self, info) -> None:
# One word too many: a patched-vector part spends the slot's last word
# on the trampoline, so its application stops two bytes short.
limit = info.base - 2 if info.patch_vector else info.base
oversized = self.work / "oversized.bin"
oversized.write_bytes(bytes(limit + 2))
rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--flash", str(oversized))
self.check(f"image over {limit} B refused", rc != 0, self._brief(out))
# ------------------------------------------------------------------- run
def run(self, app: pathlib.Path | None, loader_image: pathlib.Path | None,
marker: str, marker_wait: float = 2.5, seal_rounds: int = 1) -> int:
print("identity")
info = self.identity()
if info is None:
print("\nthe loader never answered; nothing below can be trusted")
return 1
if not self.rig.d.autobaud:
print("\nscan")
self.scan()
print("\nEEPROM")
self.eeprom(info)
if app:
print("\napplication")
self.application(info, app, marker, marker_wait)
else:
print("\nskip application checks (pass --app <image.hex>)")
print("\nerase and the slot boundary")
self.erase_and_slot(info, loader_image)
print("\nthe seal")
self.seal(info, seal_rounds)
print("\nrefusals")
self.refusals(info)
passed = sum(1 for _, ok, _ in self.results if ok)
print(f"\n{passed}/{len(self.results)} passed")
return 0 if passed == len(self.results) else 1
def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="hardware acceptance suite for one pureboot deployment",
epilog="overwrites the board's application flash and EEPROM — back them up first")
pbrig.Deployment.add_arguments(parser)
parser.add_argument("--app", type=pathlib.Path,
help="application image to flash (test/pbapp.cpp built for this deployment)")
parser.add_argument("--loader", type=pathlib.Path,
help="the resident loader's .bin, to prove the slot survives an erase")
parser.add_argument("--seal-rounds", type=int, default=1,
help="repeat the adversarial seal sweep N times (a lossy board's stress test)")
parser.add_argument("--marker", default="",
help="text the application emits when it runs, e.g. APP")
parser.add_argument("--marker-wait", type=float, default=2.5,
help="seconds to listen for it. On a board whose DTR is wired to "
"reset, opening the port resets the part, so this must outlast "
"the activation window (default 2.5)")
args = parser.parse_args(argv)
rig = pbrig.Rig(pbrig.Deployment.from_args(args))
print(f"rig: {args.part} on {args.programmer}, link {args.port} at {args.baud} Bd"
f"{' (autobaud)' if args.autobaud else ''}")
print("this overwrites the application flash and EEPROM\n")
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="pbhw-") as temporary:
return Suite(rig, pathlib.Path(temporary)).run(args.app, args.loader, args.marker,
args.marker_wait, args.seal_rounds)
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
sys.exit(main())
except pbrig.Error as error:
print(f"error: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Hardware rig driver for pureboot: an ISP programmer beside a serial link.
The simulated suites (`test/pb*.py`) prove the protocol; this drives the same
loader on real silicon, where the things a cycle-exact simulator cannot model
live — an RC oscillator off its nominal, a reset edge that has to come from
somewhere, a serial bridge with its own idea of what a baud is.
Nothing here knows a port name, a part or a programmer. Every deployment fact
arrives from the command line or the environment, so the same script serves any
board: see `Deployment`. As a module it is the reset/flash/talk primitives that
`pbhw.py` builds its acceptance suite from; as a command it is the handful of
one-shot operations worth having on a rig — most importantly `backup`, which is
the only thing standing between a fuse experiment and an unrecoverable part.
Two rig facts are encoded here because they are not guessable and cost a
session each to learn:
* **An ISP access resets the part**, and it runs again the moment the programmer
releases it. That is the only reset edge available when the serial adapter's
DTR is not wired to reset — so a loader session begins with an ISP touch and
knocks immediately after, which is what `Rig.pureboot()` does.
* **avrdude splits `-U memory:op:file:format` on colons**, so a Windows path's
drive letter breaks the spec. Every file argument is therefore passed as a
bare filename with avrdude run in that file's own directory.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import dataclasses
import importlib.util
import os
import pathlib
import subprocess
import sys
import time
HERE = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent
DEFAULT_PUREBOOT = HERE.parent / "pureboot" / "pureboot.py"
# Memories worth capturing before an experiment, and the format each is read in.
# Fuses and lock are per-part: a part without an extended fuse simply fails that
# one read, which `backup` reports and steps over rather than aborting on.
BACKUP_MEMORIES = (
("flash", "i", "hex"),
("flash", "r", "bin"),
("eeprom", "i", "hex"),
("eeprom", "r", "bin"),
("lfuse", "h", "hex"),
("hfuse", "h", "hex"),
("efuse", "h", "hex"),
("lock", "h", "hex"),
("calibration", "h", "hex"),
)
class Error(Exception):
pass
def bitclock_for(hz: int) -> str:
"""A safe ISP bitclock for a part *currently running* at `hz`.
SCK must stay under a quarter of the target clock, so the bitclock follows
the clock in force — not the one about to be fused in. Halving that ceiling
again costs nothing on a link that moves a few hundred bytes and buys margin
against an oscillator that is already known to be off its nominal.
"""
ceiling = hz // 8
for candidate in (1000, 4000, 8000, 32000, 125000, 400000):
if candidate <= ceiling:
best = candidate
else:
break
else:
best = 400000
if ceiling < 1000:
raise Error(f"a part at {hz} Hz is too slow to reach over ISP safely")
return f"{best // 1000}kHz"
@dataclasses.dataclass
class Deployment:
"""Everything about one board. No default names a real device."""
port: str = "" # serial device the loader speaks on
baud: int = 57600 # host rate; for autobaud, the rate to drive
autobaud: bool = False # send the calibration pulse instead of p+b
one_wire: bool = False # shared line: the host discards its own echo
programmer: str = "" # avrdude -c
part: str = "" # avrdude -p
avrdude: str = "avrdude"
bitclock: str = "125kHz" # see bitclock_for()
pureboot: pathlib.Path = DEFAULT_PUREBOOT
wait: int = 12 # seconds the host keeps knocking
@classmethod
def from_env(cls) -> "Deployment":
"""Environment defaults, so a rig's facts live in one place per machine."""
return cls(
port=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_PORT", ""),
baud=int(os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_BAUD", "57600")),
autobaud=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD", "") not in ("", "0"),
one_wire=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_ONE_WIRE", "") not in ("", "0"),
programmer=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_PROGRAMMER", ""),
part=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_PART", ""),
avrdude=os.environ.get("AVRDUDE", "avrdude"),
bitclock=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_BITCLOCK", "125kHz"),
pureboot=pathlib.Path(os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_TOOL", str(DEFAULT_PUREBOOT))),
)
@staticmethod
def add_arguments(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
"""Deployment flags, shared by this tool and pbhw.py."""
env = Deployment.from_env()
parser.add_argument("--port", default=env.port, help="serial device the loader speaks on")
parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=env.baud,
help="host rate (for autobaud, the rate to drive)")
parser.add_argument("--autobaud", action="store_true", default=env.autobaud,
help="send the calibration pulse instead of the p+b knock")
parser.add_argument("--one-wire", action="store_true", default=env.one_wire,
help="shared line: pass the tool its echo discard")
parser.add_argument("--programmer", default=env.programmer, help="avrdude -c, e.g. atmelice_isp")
parser.add_argument("--part", default=env.part, help="avrdude -p, e.g. t13 or m328p")
parser.add_argument("--avrdude", default=env.avrdude, help="path to avrdude")
parser.add_argument("--bitclock", default=env.bitclock, help="ISP bitclock, e.g. 125kHz or 8kHz")
parser.add_argument("--pureboot", type=pathlib.Path, default=env.pureboot,
help="path to pureboot.py")
parser.add_argument("--wait", type=int, default=env.wait, help="seconds to keep knocking")
@classmethod
def from_args(cls, args: argparse.Namespace) -> "Deployment":
return cls(port=args.port, baud=args.baud, autobaud=args.autobaud,
one_wire=args.one_wire,
programmer=args.programmer, part=args.part, avrdude=args.avrdude,
bitclock=args.bitclock, pureboot=args.pureboot, wait=args.wait)
def load_pureboot(path: pathlib.Path = DEFAULT_PUREBOOT):
"""The host tool as a module — its Port and Loader, not a subprocess.
Used where a subprocess cannot express what is needed: a poke followed by a
peek in the *same* session, or a raw read at an arbitrary baud.
"""
spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("pureboot", path)
if spec is None or spec.loader is None:
raise Error(f"cannot load the host tool from {path}")
module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
spec.loader.exec_module(module)
return module
class Rig:
"""One board: its programmer on one side, its serial link on the other."""
def __init__(self, deployment: Deployment):
self.d = deployment
if not deployment.programmer or not deployment.part:
raise Error("a rig needs --programmer and --part")
# ------------------------------------------------------------- programmer
def avrdude(self, *args: str, cwd: pathlib.Path | None = None,
bitclock: str | None = None, timeout: int = 300) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
command = [self.d.avrdude, "-c", self.d.programmer, "-p", self.d.part,
"-B", bitclock or self.d.bitclock, *args]
return subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True,
cwd=None if cwd is None else str(cwd), timeout=timeout)
@staticmethod
def _ok(result: subprocess.CompletedProcess) -> bool:
return result.returncode == 0
def reset(self, bitclock: str | None = None) -> None:
"""An ISP access, which resets the part; it runs when avrdude exits."""
self.avrdude("-U", "signature:r:-:h", bitclock=bitclock)
def signature(self, bitclock: str | None = None) -> str:
result = self.avrdude("-U", "signature:r:-:h", bitclock=bitclock)
for line in reversed(result.stdout.splitlines()):
if line.strip().startswith("0x"):
return line.strip()
raise Error(f"no signature read: {(result.stderr or result.stdout).strip()[:200]}")
def read_memory(self, memory: str, destination: pathlib.Path, fmt: str = "r",
bitclock: str | None = None) -> bool:
"""Read `memory` into `destination`, whose directory avrdude runs in."""
destination = pathlib.Path(destination).resolve()
destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
result = self.avrdude("-U", f"{memory}:r:{destination.name}:{fmt}",
cwd=destination.parent, bitclock=bitclock)
# A memory the part does not have (a tiny's extended fuse) leaves avrdude
# happy and the file empty. An empty capture is a miss, not a backup.
return self._ok(result) and destination.exists() and destination.stat().st_size > 0
def write_memory(self, memory: str, source: pathlib.Path, fmt: str = "i",
erase: bool = False, bitclock: str | None = None) -> bool:
source = pathlib.Path(source).resolve()
args = ["-U", f"{memory}:w:{source.name}:{fmt}"]
if erase:
args.insert(0, "-e")
result = self.avrdude(*args, cwd=source.parent, bitclock=bitclock)
return "verified" in (result.stdout + result.stderr)
def flash_hex(self, image: pathlib.Path, erase: bool = True,
bitclock: str | None = None) -> bool:
return self.write_memory("flash", image, "i", erase=erase, bitclock=bitclock)
def read_fuses(self, bitclock: str | None = None) -> dict[str, str]:
out: dict[str, str] = {}
for fuse in ("lfuse", "hfuse", "efuse", "lock"):
result = self.avrdude("-U", f"{fuse}:r:-:h", bitclock=bitclock)
values = [l.strip() for l in result.stdout.splitlines() if l.strip().startswith("0x")]
if values:
out[fuse] = values[-1]
return out
def write_fuses(self, bitclock: str | None = None, **fuses: str) -> bool:
"""Write named fuses. A fuse change moves the clock the *next* access is
timed against, so pass a bitclock safe for both sides of the change."""
args: list[str] = []
for name, value in fuses.items():
args += ["-U", f"{name}:w:{value}:m"]
if not args:
return True
result = self.avrdude(*args, bitclock=bitclock)
text = result.stdout + result.stderr
return "verified" in text or "written" in text
# ------------------------------------------------------------ backup
def backup(self, directory: pathlib.Path, prefix: str = "") -> dict[str, bool]:
"""Capture every memory worth keeping, then prove it by a second read.
A backup nobody verified is a guess. Each memory is read twice and the
two reads compared; a mismatch is reported rather than quietly stored.
"""
directory = pathlib.Path(directory).resolve()
directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
stem = prefix or self.d.part
status: dict[str, bool] = {}
for memory, fmt, extension in BACKUP_MEMORIES:
name = f"{stem}-{memory}.{extension}"
if not self.read_memory(memory, directory / name, fmt):
status[f"{memory}.{extension}"] = False
continue
if extension == "bin": # only the raw form is worth comparing byte-wise
again = directory / f".{name}.again"
self.read_memory(memory, again, fmt)
same = again.exists() and again.read_bytes() == (directory / name).read_bytes()
again.unlink(missing_ok=True)
status[f"{memory}.{extension}"] = same
else:
status[f"{memory}.{extension}"] = True
return status
# ------------------------------------------------------------ serial link
def pureboot(self, *args: str, reset_first: bool = True, baud: int | None = None,
autobaud: bool | None = None, timeout: int = 300,
bitclock: str | None = None) -> tuple[int, str]:
"""Reset, then knock immediately — see the module docstring.
Returns the host tool's exit status and its combined output, so a caller
can assert on what it printed as well as on whether it succeeded.
"""
if reset_first:
self.reset(bitclock=bitclock)
command = [sys.executable, str(self.d.pureboot), "--port", self.d.port,
"--baud", str(self.d.baud if baud is None else baud),
"--wait", str(self.d.wait)]
if self.d.autobaud if autobaud is None else autobaud:
command.append("--autobaud")
if self.d.one_wire:
command.append("--one-wire")
command += [str(a) for a in args]
try:
result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as expired:
return 99, f"TIMEOUT after {timeout}s\n{expired.stdout or ''}{expired.stderr or ''}"
return result.returncode, (result.stdout or "") + (result.stderr or "")
def open_port(self, baud: int | None = None):
"""A port opened the way this deployment says to speak to the board.
Everything the rig runs as a *subprocess* gets its flags from
`pureboot()` above; anything that drives the protocol in-process has
to reach the same facts, and until this existed only the subprocess
path could. A shared line is the one where that gap is fatal rather
than untidy: the host reads back every byte it writes, so an
undiscarded echo answers the knock before the device does. Open
through here and a one-wire deployment cannot be silently driven as
a two-wire one.
"""
module = load_pureboot(self.d.pureboot)
port = module.Port(self.d.port, self.d.baud if baud is None else baud)
return module.OneWirePort(port) if self.d.one_wire else port
def capture(self, seconds: float = 2.0, baud: int | None = None) -> bytes:
"""Listen to whatever the board is saying, at an arbitrary rate.
Opening the port does not reset a board whose DTR is unwired, so this can
sample a running application repeatedly without disturbing it — which is
what makes the rate sweep below possible.
"""
module = load_pureboot(self.d.pureboot)
port = module.Port(self.d.port, self.d.baud if baud is None else baud)
try:
data = b""
deadline = time.monotonic() + seconds
while time.monotonic() < deadline:
chunk = port.read_available(0.2)
if chunk:
data += chunk
return data
finally:
try:
port.close()
except Exception:
pass
def measure_rate(rig: Rig, marker: bytes, built_baud: int, nominal_hz: int | None = None,
span_percent: float = 12.0, step_percent: float = 0.5,
seconds: float = 0.75) -> dict:
"""Find a transmitting board's true bit rate, using only the serial port.
The board must be emitting something recognisable at a *fixed* cycles-per-bit
— `test/pbapp.cpp` built with PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT does. Since its bit timing is
a cycle count, its wire rate scales with its actual clock, so the host rates
at which `marker` still decodes bracket that rate; the centre of the band is
the answer, and with the clock the image was built for it gives the real one.
This is the measurement that turns "the loader is silent, so the wiring must
be wrong" into a number, and it needs no instrument beyond the adapter
already attached.
"""
steps = int(span_percent / step_percent)
clean: list[int] = []
samples: list[tuple[int, int, bool]] = []
for index in range(-steps, steps + 1):
baud = int(round(built_baud * (1 + index * step_percent / 100.0)))
if baud <= 0:
continue
data = rig.capture(seconds=seconds, baud=baud)
hit = marker in data
samples.append((baud, len(data), hit))
if hit:
clean.append(baud)
result: dict = {"samples": samples, "clean": clean, "built_baud": built_baud}
if clean:
low, high = min(clean), max(clean)
centre = (low + high) / 2.0
result |= {"low": low, "high": high, "centre": centre,
"half_width_percent": (high - low) / 2.0 / centre * 100.0,
"error_percent": (centre / built_baud - 1.0) * 100.0}
if nominal_hz:
result["measured_hz"] = nominal_hz * centre / built_baud
return result
# ------------------------------------------------------------------- command
def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="pureboot hardware rig: ISP reset/flash beside the serial link")
Deployment.add_arguments(parser)
sub = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", required=True)
sub.add_parser("signature", help="read the part signature over ISP")
sub.add_parser("reset", help="reset the part (an ISP access) and let it run")
sub.add_parser("fuses", help="read the fuse and lock bytes")
p = sub.add_parser("flash", help="program a hex image over ISP")
p.add_argument("image", type=pathlib.Path)
p.add_argument("--no-erase", action="store_true", help="do not chip-erase first")
p = sub.add_parser("backup", help="capture and verify every memory")
p.add_argument("directory", type=pathlib.Path)
p.add_argument("--prefix", default="", help="filename stem (default: the part name)")
p = sub.add_parser("rate", help="measure the board's true bit rate and clock")
p.add_argument("--marker", default="APP", help="text the board emits (default: APP)")
p.add_argument("--built-baud", type=int, required=True,
help="the baud the running image was built for")
p.add_argument("--nominal-hz", type=int, default=0,
help="the clock the image was built for, to report the real one")
p.add_argument("--span", type=float, default=12.0, help="sweep +-this many percent")
p.add_argument("--step", type=float, default=0.5, help="sweep step in percent")
p.add_argument("--verbose", action="store_true", help="print every step")
p = sub.add_parser("bitclock", help="a safe ISP bitclock for a clock in force")
p.add_argument("hz", type=int)
args = parser.parse_args(argv)
if args.command == "bitclock":
print(bitclock_for(args.hz))
return 0
rig = Rig(Deployment.from_args(args))
if args.command == "signature":
print(rig.signature())
elif args.command == "reset":
rig.reset()
print("reset")
elif args.command == "fuses":
for name, value in rig.read_fuses().items():
print(f"{name:<6} {value}")
elif args.command == "flash":
ok = rig.flash_hex(args.image, erase=not args.no_erase)
print(f"{args.image.name}: {'verified' if ok else 'FAILED'}")
return 0 if ok else 1
elif args.command == "backup":
status = rig.backup(args.directory, args.prefix)
for name, ok in status.items():
print(f" {'ok ' if ok else 'FAIL'} {name}")
missing = [n for n, ok in status.items() if not ok]
# Fuses a part does not have are expected misses, not failures.
fatal = [n for n in missing if not n.startswith(("efuse", "calibration"))]
print(f"\n{len(status) - len(missing)}/{len(status)} captured into {args.directory}")
return 1 if fatal else 0
elif args.command == "rate":
result = measure_rate(rig, args.marker.encode(), args.built_baud,
args.nominal_hz or None, args.span, args.step)
if args.verbose:
for baud, size, hit in result["samples"]:
print(f" {baud:7d} Bd {size:5d} B {'MARKER' if hit else ''}")
if not result["clean"]:
print(f"no capture contained {args.marker!r} at any rate — is the board "
f"transmitting, and on the pin this port is wired to?")
return 1
print(f"clean band {result['low']}..{result['high']} Bd")
print(f"centre {result['centre']:.0f} Bd "
f"(+-{result['half_width_percent']:.1f} %)")
print(f"vs built {result['built_baud']} Bd ({result['error_percent']:+.1f} %)")
if "measured_hz" in result:
print(f"true clock {result['measured_hz'] / 1e6:.3f} MHz")
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
sys.exit(main())
except Error as error:
print(f"error: {error}", file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""What the loader images actually measure, and whether the README still agrees.
The size matrix asserts every image fits its slot; it says nothing about the
numbers the README prints, and those drift. Every row of that table was eight
bytes stale once `startup::caller_page()` landed — common code, so every build
moved at once and no test noticed, because none of them was over budget.
Two questions, both answered from built trees:
sizes.py max the largest image per chip, and anything over budget
sizes.py check-readme the README's per-chip table against what is built
Nothing here knows a chip's geometry. The (image, budget) pairs come from each
build's own `CTestTestfile.cmake` — the same values the gate checks — so the
slot rules stay where they belong, in `pureboot/CMakeLists.txt`, and a chip
added or a budget changed needs no edit here. Only trees a configure preset
still owns are read: a stale directory keeps its last build, and a loader built
before a slot changed will happily report a size that was true once
(`tools/prune-build-trees.sh` in libavr removes them).
Sizes come from `avr-size`, and a target is only as current as its last build —
run the gate first if you want the table checked against today's source.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import pathlib
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import sys
ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
# add_test(<name>.size ... -DELF=<path> ... -DLIMIT=<n> ...) — the gate's own
# pairing of an image with the budget it must fit.
# ctest writes the name as a bracket argument ([=[name.size]=]) and quotes the
# rest, so the name starts after the bracket and the path ends at the quote.
SIZE_TEST = re.compile(r'add_test\(\s*\[=\[(?P<name>[^\]]+?)\.size\]=\][^\n]*?'
r'-DELF=(?P<elf>[^"\s]+)[^\n]*?-DLIMIT=(?P<limit>\d+)')
def avr_size() -> str:
for env in (ROOT / "../../toolchain").resolve().glob("avr-gcc-*/bin/avr-size"):
if env.is_file():
return str(env)
found = shutil.which("avr-size")
if not found:
sys.exit("no avr-size found (build the toolchain, or put it on PATH)")
return found
def preset_dirs() -> list[pathlib.Path]:
"""Build trees a configure preset still owns, newest-listed first."""
listing = subprocess.run(["cmake", "--list-presets"], cwd=ROOT, capture_output=True, text=True)
names = re.findall(r'^\s*"(.+)"$', listing.stdout, re.MULTILINE)
if not names:
sys.exit("cmake --list-presets returned nothing — run from a configured checkout")
return [d for d in (ROOT / "build" / n for n in names) if (d / "CTestTestfile.cmake").is_file()]
def measure(paths: list[str], tool: str) -> dict[str, int]:
""".text per ELF, in one avr-size call per batch."""
sizes: dict[str, int] = {}
for start in range(0, len(paths), 400):
batch = [p for p in paths[start:start + 400] if pathlib.Path(p).is_file()]
if not batch:
continue
out = subprocess.run([tool, *batch], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout
for line in out.splitlines()[1:]:
fields = line.split()
if len(fields) >= 6 and fields[0].isdigit():
sizes[fields[5]] = int(fields[0])
return sizes
def collect() -> dict[str, list[tuple[str, int, int]]]:
"""chip -> [(target, text, limit)], from every owned build tree."""
tool = avr_size()
found: dict[str, list[tuple[str, str, int]]] = {}
for tree in preset_dirs():
chip = tree.name.split("-")[0]
for match in SIZE_TEST.finditer((tree / "CTestTestfile.cmake").read_text()):
found.setdefault(chip, []).append((match["name"], match["elf"], int(match["limit"])))
sizes = measure([elf for rows in found.values() for _, elf, _ in rows], tool)
# A chip's generated and reflect trees must answer with the same bytes
# (the identity invariant), so the same target measuring two sizes means
# a stale tree — or an identity breach. Either is a finding; picking one
# silently is how a gate reports another build's numbers as today's.
for chip, rows in found.items():
seen: dict[str, tuple[int, str]] = {}
for name, elf, _ in rows:
if elf not in sizes:
continue
if name in seen and seen[name][0] != sizes[elf]:
sys.exit(f"{chip} {name}: {seen[name][0]} B in {seen[name][1]} but "
f"{sizes[elf]} B in {elf} — a stale tree (rebuild or remove it) "
f"or a cross-mode identity breach")
seen.setdefault(name, (sizes[elf], elf))
measured = {
chip: sorted(((name, sizes[elf], limit) for name, elf, limit in rows if elf in sizes),
key=lambda row: -row[1])
for chip, rows in sorted(found.items())
}
# A configured-but-unbuilt preset registers its tests with no images behind
# them; it is not a chip with nothing to say, it is a chip not built yet.
return {chip: rows for chip, rows in measured.items() if rows}
def cmd_max(args) -> int:
measured = collect()
if not measured:
sys.exit("nothing built — configure and build a preset first")
over = []
print(f"{'chip':<13} {'largest image':<34} {'.text':>6} {'budget':>7} headroom")
for chip, rows in measured.items():
name, text, limit = rows[0]
flag = "OVER" if text > limit else f"{limit - text:>5} B"
print(f"{chip:<13} {name:<34} {text:>6} {limit:>7} {flag}")
over += [(chip, n, t, l) for n, t, l in rows if t > l]
total = sum(len(rows) for rows in measured.values())
print(f"\n{total} images across {len(measured)} chips")
if over:
print("\nOVER BUDGET:")
for chip, name, text, limit in over:
print(f" {chip} {name}: {text} > {limit}")
return 1
tightest = min(((chip, n, t, l) for chip, rows in measured.items() for n, t, l in rows),
key=lambda row: row[3] - row[2])
chip, name, text, limit = tightest
print(f"tightest fit: {chip} {name} — {text} of {limit}, {limit - text} B spare")
return 0
def cmd_check_readme(args) -> int:
"""The README's per-chip table, against the stock build and the worst
autobaud configuration (OSCCAL baked, plus the USART-pin release where
the chip has a USART; the one-wire fold of the same build is its twin
and competes for the same cell) — the config the Autobaud column
documents."""
readme = (ROOT / "pureboot" / "README.md").read_text()
measured = collect()
rows = re.findall(r"^\|\s*(AT\w+[^|]*?)\s*\|[^|]*\|[^|]*\|[^|]*\|\s*(\d+) B\s*\|\s*(\d+) B\s*\|$",
readme, re.MULTILINE)
if not rows:
sys.exit("no size table found in pureboot/README.md")
bad = skipped = 0
for chips, stock_doc, auto_doc in rows:
# "ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA †" — the first name is the family's base.
chip = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]", "", chips.split(",")[0].strip().lower())
built = {name: text for name, text, _ in measured.get(chip, [])}
# The on-USART pair defines the column where the chip has a USART;
# the default-pin pair is the whole space elsewhere. Whichever twin
# measures larger is the number the cell must state.
candidates = [name for name in ("pureboot_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0",
"pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0") if name in built]
if not candidates:
candidates = [name for name in ("pureboot_autobaud_osccal",
"pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal") if name in built]
worst = max(candidates, key=lambda name: built[name], default="pureboot_autobaud_osccal")
for target, documented in (("pureboot", stock_doc), (worst, auto_doc)):
if target not in built:
skipped += 1
continue
if built[target] != int(documented):
print(f" {chip:<12} {target:<18} README says {documented} B, built is {built[target]} B")
bad += 1
if bad:
print(f"\n{bad} row(s) stale — update pureboot/README.md")
return 1
print(f"README size table matches every built image ({len(rows)} rows"
+ (f", {skipped} not built" if skipped else "") + ")")
return 0
def main() -> int:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__.splitlines()[0])
subs = parser.add_subparsers(dest="cmd", required=True)
subs.add_parser("max", help="largest image per chip, and anything over budget")
subs.add_parser("check-readme", help="the README's size table against what is built")
args = parser.parse_args()
return {"max": cmd_max, "check-readme": cmd_check_readme}[args.cmd](args)
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())

4
tsb/tsb_asm.cpp
View File

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20; constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
// Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud. // Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud.
constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::detail::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd); constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd);
// The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation. // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
// clang-format off // clang-format off
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low // 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low
// byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work. // byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work.
static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0"); static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
hw::reg<"UBRR0">::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr)); hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
hw::ucsr0a::write(hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1)); hw::ucsr0a::write(hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
// General-purpose registers are undefined at power-on (no crt zeroes them); // General-purpose registers are undefined at power-on (no crt zeroes them);
// the direction latch must start "not receiving" so the first rx() enables // the direction latch must start "not receiving" so the first rx() enables

302
tsb/tsb_policy.cpp Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
// TinySafeBoot on libavr — the policy floor: pureboot's rules, measured.
//
// The full TinySafeBoot feature set — watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
// config-page activation timeout, password gate, emergency erase, and
// config/flash/EEPROM read-write — under philosophy #5 exactly as pureboot
// obeys it: no assembly, no register variables; code, attributes, and flags
// only. Every lesson pureboot's development produced is applied — the
// library's half-duplex serial and startup entry, lean bring-up from reset
// state, one merged send loop over both memories, oracle-shaped loop bounds,
// locals threaded through noinline primitives, pureboot's codegen flags —
// and the result is 638 bytes: 198 below the idiomatic tier, and 126 above
// the 512 B boot section the tricks/asm tiers reach with the banned
// mechanisms (526/510). This tier exists to keep that number an artifact
// rather than a claim: the gap to 512 is the rent of policy-clean C++ —
// helpers that hold a cursor across rx()/tx() pay push/pop and argument
// threading where a global-register protocol pays nothing, and both
// control-flow merges tried (a parametrized paged session, a merged store
// loop) measured larger than the split cases they replaced. TSB's wire fixes
// the per-command loop shapes on the device, so pureboot 5's one-transfer-
// loop collapse has no purchase here.
//
// The wire protocol is strict request/response, which is what makes the
// shared line safe: the device drives it only between a received command and
// its reply, and releases it (the library's half-duplex choreography)
// whenever it waits.
#include <libavr/libavr.hpp>
using namespace avr::literals;
namespace spm = avr::spm;
namespace ee = avr::eeprom;
using dev = avr::device<{.clock = 16_MHz}>;
// One-wire: RX and TX share the line, exactly as the native-UART TSB expects.
using serial_t = dev::uart0<{.baud = 115200_Bd, .max_baud_error = 3_pct, .half_duplex = true}>;
inline constexpr serial_t serial{};
namespace tsb {
namespace {
// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
// EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
// The handshake bytes, identical across every TSB host.
constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
constexpr std::uint8_t knock = '@';
// Boot geometry for the 1 KB boot section (BOOTSZ=10); the page size and the
// flash/EEPROM extents are the chip database's to know. app_end is the config
// page (TSB's LASTPAGE), one page below the boot section.
constexpr std::uint16_t page = spm::page_bytes;
constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 1024;
constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window (the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz).
constexpr std::uint8_t act_min = 16;
// Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
// Firmware version stamp: YY*512 + MM*32 + DD, the encoding the host decodes.
constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 27;
// The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
// clang-format off
[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr std::uint8_t info[16] = {
'T', 'S', 'B',
build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
0xF3, // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
page / 2, // page size in words
(app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8, // app-flash boundary, words
eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
0xAA, 0xAA, // ATmega processor-type marker (bytes 14 == 15)
};
// clang-format on
// The receive window, pre-floored where it is set. In .noinit: there is no
// crt to clear a .bss image, and run() stores it before the first receive.
[[gnu::section(".noinit")]] std::uint8_t window;
const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
{
return reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t *>(addr);
}
// Bounded byte receive: poll under nested countdowns, 0 on silence. The 0
// then falls through every compare — not a knock, not a confirm, not a
// command — so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
// anywhere, and a mid-session cable pull cannot wedge it. The line release on
// a direction change is the serial backend's.
[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint8_t rx()
{
std::uint16_t outer = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(window) << 8;
do {
std::uint8_t fine = 0;
do {
if (auto byte = serial.read())
return *byte;
} while (--fine);
} while (--outer);
return 0;
}
// One-wire transmit: the backend takes the line with a turn-around guard and
// holds it until the whole frame is out.
[[gnu::noinline]] void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
{
serial.write(byte);
}
// '?', then hand back the host's reply for the callers' one-byte compare.
[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint8_t rcnf()
{
tx(request);
return rx();
}
// The one send loop: the info block, the config page, application flash and
// EEPROM pages all stream through here.
[[gnu::noinline]] void send_block(bool eep, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t count)
{
do {
tx(eep ? ee::read(at) : avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)));
++at;
} while (--count);
}
// One EEPROM byte in — shared by the emergency wipe and the 'E' stream.
[[gnu::noinline]] void eeput(std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
{
ee::write<off>(at, value);
}
// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section — after every page
// op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
[[gnu::noinline]] void settle()
{
spm::wait();
spm::rww_enable<off>();
}
// One host page straight into the erased flash page at `at` — through the SPM
// word buffer (low byte then high), no SRAM staging — then committed. `at`
// names a page base, so the cursor's low byte reaching the boundary ends the
// walk.
[[gnu::noinline]] void store_flash_page(std::uint16_t at)
{
do {
std::uint8_t low = rx();
std::uint8_t high = rx();
spm::fill<off>(at, std::bit_cast<std::uint16_t>(std::array{low, high}));
at += 2;
} while (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at) & (page - 1));
spm::write_page<off>(at - page);
settle();
}
extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --defsym=tsb_app=0
[[noreturn]] void appjump()
{
settle();
tsb_app();
}
// Step one page down and erase it — the erase shared by the whole-app walk,
// the config rewrite and the emergency wipe; hands the stepped address back.
[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint16_t erase_below(std::uint16_t at)
{
at -= page;
spm::erase_page<off>(at);
settle();
return at;
}
// Erase the whole application, top-down like the oracle: the loop bound is a
// compare with zero, and the returned 0 is the address every caller wants
// next.
[[gnu::noinline]] std::uint16_t erase_application()
{
std::uint16_t at = app_end;
do {
at = erase_below(at);
} while (at != 0);
return at;
}
[[noreturn]] void run()
{
// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
appjump();
// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
// 0, and the half-duplex write()/read() raise TXEN0/RXEN0 on first use —
// only the divisor low byte and U2X0 need a store. The solver still does
// the datasheet work; the asserts pin the reset-state assumptions.
{
constexpr auto sol = avr::uart::solve_baud(dev::clock, 115200_Bd);
static_assert(sol.u2x && sol.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
avr::hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(sol.ubrr));
avr::hw::ucsr0a::write(avr::hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
}
// Activation: 3×'@', each inside the config page's timeout window
// (floored so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else —
// including silence — hands over.
window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | act_min;
for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k)
if (rx() != knock)
appjump();
window = comm_window;
// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
// page is no password). A wrong byte blanks the comparison and drains the
// line forever, so a wrong password can never fall through; a 0 requests
// emergency erase behind two confirms. On pass the info block goes out;
// the emergency path skips it and drops into the command loop.
std::uint16_t at = app_end + 3;
std::uint8_t mask = 0xff;
for (;;) {
std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)) & mask;
++at;
if (expected == 0xff) {
send_block(false, reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(&info[0]), sizeof info);
break;
}
std::uint8_t got = rx();
if (got == 0) {
if (mask == 0)
continue;
if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm)
appjump();
std::uint16_t a = erase_application();
do {
eeput(a, 0xff);
} while (++a <= eeprom_end);
erase_below(app_end + page);
break;
}
if (got != expected)
mask = 0;
}
for (;;) {
tx(confirm); // Mainloop ready
const std::uint8_t command = rx();
switch (command) {
case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a < app_end; a += page) {
if (rx() != confirm)
break;
send_block(false, a, page);
}
break;
case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
for (std::uint16_t a = 0;; a += page) {
if (rx() != confirm)
break;
send_block(true, a, page);
}
break;
case 'F': { // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
std::uint16_t a = erase_application();
for (; rcnf() == confirm; a += page)
store_flash_page(a);
break;
}
case 'E': // take EEPROM pages behind '?', each write host-paced
for (std::uint16_t a = 0; rcnf() == confirm;) {
std::uint8_t count = page;
do {
eeput(a, rx());
++a;
} while (--count);
}
break;
case 'c': // read the config page
read_config:
send_block(false, app_end, page);
break;
case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
if (rcnf() != confirm)
break;
store_flash_page(erase_below(app_end + page));
goto read_config;
default: // 'q' or any other byte runs the application
appjump();
}
}
}
} // namespace
} // namespace tsb
// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run>;

4
tsb/tsb_tricks.cpp
View File

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20; constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
// Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud. // Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud.
constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::detail::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd); constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd);
// The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation. // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
// clang-format off // clang-format off
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low // 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low
// byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work. // byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work.
static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0"); static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
hw::reg<"UBRR0">::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr)); hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
hw::ucsr0a::write(hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1)); hw::ucsr0a::write(hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
// General-purpose registers are undefined at power-on (no crt zeroes them); // General-purpose registers are undefined at power-on (no crt zeroes them);
// the direction latch must start "not receiving" so the first rx() enables // the direction latch must start "not receiving" so the first rx() enables