test: the format and ASCII rules stop being a habit here too

libavr's guidance binds this repo, and its gate checked every chip's codegen
without ever checking whether the sources it compiled were clang-format clean
or ASCII. `libavr_format_test()` does both now, over this tree alone - the
oracle's assembly needs no exclusion, being in neither glob, which is the right
answer for a vendored reference whose text is the artifact.

The sizes this repo prints were already gated: `sizes.py check-readme` is the
shape the rest of the fleet has now copied.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.clang-format

@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ TabWidth: 4
 UseTab: ForIndentation
 AlignEscapedNewlines: DontAlign
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
-AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
+BreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
 BreakBeforeBraces: Custom
 BraceWrapping:
   AfterFunction: true
+InsertBraces: true
 ...

.clangd

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Editor accommodations for the second frontend. No compilation database is
+# named here: this repo rides as a submodule in its consumers, and this file
+# travels with it — a consumer's own database then covers these sources, with
+# that project's loader flags. The checkout that is opened as a folder names
+# its build tree in .vscode/settings.json instead.
+CompileFlags:
+  Add:
+    # clang has no 24-bit integer and GCC's are keywords, not macros, so the
+    # editor needs a stand-in for avr::uint24_t. The next width up is the only
+    # one available — clang rejects _BitInt(24) on this target.
+    - -D__uint24=unsigned long
+    - -D__int24=long
+    # clangd forwards the driver's system includes but not its own header
+    # directory, so <stdint.h> resolves to avr-libc's, which still gates the
+    # limit and constant macros on the C++98 opt-in.
+    - -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+    - -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
+    # isr::emit spells a vector number into [[gnu::signal(N)]], which clang
+    # rejects rather than ignores — enough of them in one TU to reach the
+    # default limit of 19 inside the headers and truncate the parse.
+    - -ferror-limit=0
+  Remove:
+    # Codegen shaping the loader TUs carry and clang has no spelling for.
+    - -fira-algorithm=*
+    - -fno-split-wide-types
+    - -fno-tree-ter
+    - -fno-ivopts
+    - -fno-move-loop-invariants
+    # The build promotes warnings for the compiler that has to be right about
+    # them; in the editor the flag paints a second frontend's opinions in the
+    # colour reserved for things that do not compile.
+    - -Werror
+Diagnostics:
+  Suppress:
+    # clang's AVR `signal` attribute takes no arguments and it knows none of
+    # progmem, naked or OS_main. A misspelling is what the build is for.
+    - attribute_wrong_number_arguments
+    - unknown-attributes

.vscode/extensions.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+	"recommendations": [
+		"llvm-vs-code-extensions.vscode-clangd",
+		"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+	]
+}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+	// clangd is the language server; the cpptools engine would parse every file
+	// a second time and disagree, since nothing tells it about a cross
+	// compiler.
+	"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "disabled",
+
+	// --query-driver lets clangd ask the cross compiler for its own system
+	// includes and target. The database is named here rather than in .clangd
+	// because that file travels with the driver into a consumer's submodule,
+	// where a build tree of this repo's own need not exist.
+	"clangd.arguments": [
+		"--compile-commands-dir=${workspaceFolder}/build/atmega328p-generated",
+		"--query-driver=**avr-g++*",
+		"--header-insertion=never"
+	],
+
+	// The presets are the build interface; the toolchain file inside the
+	// libavr submodule is the one place the compiler is chosen. The submodule
+	// carries no local/toolchain for it to discover, so the prefix is named
+	// here, for the window that opens this folder.
+	"cmake.useCMakePresets": "always",
+	"cmake.environment": {
+		"LIBAVR_TOOLCHAIN": "D:/dev/libavr/local/toolchain/avr-gcc-16.1.0-mingw"
+	},
+	"cmake.configureOnOpen": true,
+	"cmake.options.statusBarVisibility": "compact",
+
+	"files.watcherExclude": {
+		"**/build/**": true,
+		"**/libavr/**": true
+	},
+
+	"files.associations": {
+		".clangd": "yaml",
+		".clang-format": "yaml"
+	}
+}

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,17 +12,25 @@ if(NOT LIBAVR_ROOT)
 	set(LIBAVR_ROOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/libavr)
 endif()
 if(NOT EXISTS ${LIBAVR_ROOT}/CMakeLists.txt)
-	message(FATAL_ERROR "libavr not found at ${LIBAVR_ROOT} — run: git submodule update --init libavr")
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "libavr not found at ${LIBAVR_ROOT} - run: git submodule update --init libavr")
 endif()
 add_subdirectory(${LIBAVR_ROOT} libavr-build)
 
+include(${LIBAVR_ROOT}/cmake/checks.cmake)
+
 if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	add_compile_options(-Werror) # warnings are errors for the port's own code
 	enable_testing()
 
+	# Rules 11 and 33 over this repo's own sources. The oracle's assembly needs
+	# no exclusion: it is neither formatted nor ASCII-checked, being in neither
+	# glob, which is the right answer for a vendored reference whose text is
+	# the artifact.
+	libavr_format_test()
+
 	# The behavioral tests drive the real wire protocols over a simavr pty
 	# (as the host tools do) and actually flash the device. The runners are
-	# host programs built at configure time against libsimavr (C++23 — what
+	# host programs built at configure time against libsimavr (C++23 - what
 	# the distribution's compiler speaks in full); if they or Python are
 	# missing, only the size tests run.
 	find_program(_host_cxx NAMES c++ g++)
@@ -36,7 +44,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		            -lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf -lutil
 		    RESULT_VARIABLE _pbdev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _pbdev_err)
 		if(NOT _pbdev_res EQUAL 0)
-			message(STATUS "pureboot_device not built (${_pbdev_err}) — protocol tests skipped")
+			message(STATUS "pureboot_device not built (${_pbdev_err}) - protocol tests skipped")
 			unset(PB_DEVICE)
 		endif()
 		if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
@@ -48,19 +56,19 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 			            -lsimavr -lsimavrparts -lelf
 			    RESULT_VARIABLE _dev_res ERROR_VARIABLE _dev_err)
 			if(NOT _dev_res EQUAL 0)
-				message(STATUS "tsb_device not built (${_dev_err}) — protocol tests skipped")
+				message(STATUS "tsb_device not built (${_dev_err}) - protocol tests skipped")
 				unset(TSB_DEVICE)
 			endif()
 		endif()
 	endif()
 endif()
 
-# The ELF is only a container (symbols, section headers) and is never flashed —
+# The ELF is only a container (symbols, section headers) and is never flashed -
 # and the host tool's load_image() dispatches on extension, so handing it one
 # would silently program the header bytes. Every loader image therefore gets
 # both flashable forms beside it at link time: .hex for avrdude, and .bin for
 # the host tool's raw path (which is what the reloc and update tests convert to
-# on the fly). .eeprom is dropped — EEPROM content is its own update.
+# on the fly). .eeprom is dropped - EEPROM content is its own update.
 function(add_image_outputs name)
 	add_custom_command(TARGET ${name} POST_BUILD
 	                   COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O ihex -R .eeprom
@@ -71,9 +79,9 @@ endfunction()
 
 # The TinySafeBoot protocol reimplemented on libavr in variants that trade
 # clarity for size. Each links into the ATmega328P boot section (BOOTSZ selects
-# its size; BOOTRST vectors a reset to its base) with -nostartfiles — a polled
+# its size; BOOTRST vectors a reset to its base) with -nostartfiles - a polled
 # loader has no use for the crt or the vector table. The entry sits in
-# .vectors, laid first, and runs — avr::startup::entry on the policy tier,
+# .vectors, laid first, and runs - avr::startup::entry on the policy tier,
 # the experiment tiers' own naked stubs elsewhere, each documented in its
 # source. The boot base is FLASHEND+1 minus the section size; the linker
 # section-start and the source's boot_bytes agree. tsb_app is
@@ -83,27 +91,25 @@ endfunction()
 # All four implement the full oracle feature set (see oracle/README.md):
 # watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex, config-page activation timeout, password
 # gate, emergency erase, config/flash/EEPROM read-write. They differ only in how,
-# and the size gradient is the cost of that "how" — see dev/lessons.md.
-#   tsb_asm   — the tricks tier's C++ with exactly two routines in asm (the
-#                 bounded rx and the page-store loop — the two whose remaining
-#                 cost is the C ABI itself): 510 B in the 512 B section the
-#                 hand-written 500 B oracle occupies. Everything else, from
-#                 bring-up to dispatch, is C++ on libavr.
-#   tsb_tricks — no asm at all: the whole-loader register allocation lives in
+# and the size gradient is the cost of that "how".
+#   tsb_asm    - the tricks tier's C++ with exactly two routines in asm: the
+#                 bounded rx and the page-store loop, the two whose remaining
+#                 cost is the C ABI itself. Everything else, bring-up to
+#                 dispatch, is C++ on libavr.
+#   tsb_tricks - no asm at all: the whole-loader register allocation lives in
 #                 global register variables (Y walks the page pointer), every
 #                 helper is a tiny noinline primitive placed by the
 #                 global-register store rules, pages stream straight to
-#                 SPM/EEPROM, and the bring-up is the two reset-non-default
-#                 registers only. 526 B in the 1 KB section (BOOTSZ=10) — 14
-#                 over the oracle's section, from 168 over at this tier's first
-#                 floor.
-#   tsb_pure  — pure idiomatic libavr, one function per command, TU-local
-#                 (internal linkage), streaming (no SRAM page buffer): 836 B in
-#                 the 1 KB section.
-#   tsb_policy — the policy floor: pureboot's rules (no asm, no register
-#                 variables) with every pureboot lesson applied. 638 B in the
-#                 1 KB section — the measured evidence that the 512 B fit is a
-#                 property of the mechanisms philosophy #5 bans.
+#                 SPM/EEPROM.
+#   tsb_pure   - pure idiomatic libavr, one function per command, TU-local
+#                 (internal linkage), streaming (no SRAM page buffer).
+#   tsb_policy - the policy floor: pureboot's rules (no asm, no register
+#                 variables) with every pureboot lesson applied, and the
+#                 measured evidence that the 512 B fit is a property of the
+#                 mechanisms philosophy #5 bans.
+#
+# What each measures is oracle/README.md's table, which is the one place the
+# four numbers and the hand-written loader's own are compared.
 #
 # add_tsb_variant(<name> <boot-section-bytes>)
 function(add_tsb_variant name bytes)
@@ -136,14 +142,14 @@ if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
 	add_tsb_variant(tsb_tricks 1024)
 	# The policy tier's floor is measured with the loop flags pureboot's size
 	# work found (a loader's loop bodies all contain calls); the other tiers
-	# keep the flag set their recorded floors were measured with — none.
+	# keep the flag set their recorded floors were measured with - none.
 	target_compile_options(tsb_policy PRIVATE -fno-move-loop-invariants -fno-tree-ter)
 endif()
 
-# pureboot — the pure-constraint port (see pureboot/README.md): one source,
+# pureboot - the pure-constraint port (see pureboot/README.md): one source,
 # no inline assembly, no global register variables, every libavr chip,
 # fitting each chip's smallest boot sector. The geometry and the
-# pureboot_add_loader() deployment function live in pureboot/CMakeLists.txt —
+# pureboot_add_loader() deployment function live in pureboot/CMakeLists.txt -
 # the unit a downstream project consumes; everything below is this port's
 # own build: the stock loaders, their tests, and the size matrix. The
 # distinct binary dir keeps the `pureboot` target's output name free.
@@ -151,7 +157,7 @@ add_subdirectory(pureboot pureboot-cmake)
 
 # The stock loader: the family-default deployment (crystal/RC clock, the
 # chip's natural link, default pins). The activation window stays a cache
-# variable — re-timing a deployed loader is a self-update with a re-timed
+# variable - re-timing a deployed loader is a self-update with a re-timed
 # build. pureboot9 is that re-timed build, and what the update test installs.
 set(PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT 8 CACHE STRING "pureboot activation window, seconds")
 pureboot_add_loader(pureboot TIMEOUT ${PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT})
@@ -203,8 +209,8 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.protocol PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
 
 		# The activation window as a measured duration: application installed,
-		# line idle, the first transmit is the application's banner — its
-		# cycle is the window the source declares, held to ±2 % (one
+		# line idle, the first transmit is the application's banner - its
+		# cycle is the window the source declares, held to +/-2 % (one
 		# mis-counted cycle per poll is a 10 % shift).
 		add_test(NAME pureboot.window
 		         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbwindow.py
@@ -217,6 +223,23 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		                 --workdir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbwindow-work)
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.window PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 300)
 
+		# The half-duplex loader's window, same gate: its poll runs through
+		# readable()'s release-line test, whose outlined call re-shapes the
+		# whole loop - a per-class cycle count (poll_cost() in pureboot.cpp)
+		# that only the built image can prove, chip by chip.
+		if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
+			add_test(NAME pureboot.window.halfduplex
+			         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbwindow.py
+			                 --device ${PB_DEVICE} --loader $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_hd>
+			                 --mcu ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} --hz ${_pb_stock_hz}
+			                 --base ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} --page ${PUREBOOT_PAGE}
+			                 --baud ${_pb_stock_baud} --app $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp>.bin
+			                 --seconds ${PUREBOOT_TIMEOUT}
+			                 --tool ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+			                 --workdir ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbwindow-hd-work)
+			set_tests_properties(pureboot.window.halfduplex PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 300)
+		endif()
+
 		# The position-independence acceptance test: the identical image,
 		# installed one slot lower, must serve the full command set.
 		add_test(NAME pureboot.reloc
@@ -228,8 +251,30 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.reloc PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180
 		                     ENVIRONMENT "PB_OBJCOPY=${CMAKE_OBJCOPY}")
 
+		# The seal against the one command that proves it: erasing the page the
+		# loader runs from, refused unsealed and honoured sealed. Destroys the
+		# loader by design, so it gets a device of its own.
+		add_test(NAME pureboot.selfwrite
+		         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbselfwrite.py
+		                 ${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_pb_stock_hz}
+		                 ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_pb_stock_baud}
+		                 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbselfwrite-work)
+		set_tests_properties(pureboot.selfwrite PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
+
+		# The seal against a link that damages bytes on purpose: every header
+		# field flipped after sealing must be refused, and the identical flip
+		# applied before sealing must be obeyed.
+		add_test(NAME pureboot.glitch
+		         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbglitch.py
+		                 ${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_pb_stock_hz}
+		                 ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_pb_stock_baud}
+		                 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbglitch-work)
+		set_tests_properties(pureboot.glitch PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
+
 		# Entering the loader from a running application with no reset
-		# between, over a page buffer the application dirtied — the case the
+		# between, over a page buffer the application dirtied - the case the
 		# loader declines to guard and the host repairs. Hardware forbids the
 		# state here (SPM runs only from the boot section); simavr does not,
 		# which is what makes it constructible.
@@ -260,7 +305,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		endif()
 
 		# The self-update end-to-end: the re-timed build (same source, only
-		# the timeout differs — a byte-different image) replaces the resident
+		# the timeout differs - a byte-different image) replaces the resident
 		# through --update-loader, with every power-fail phase rehearsed from
 		# the runner's flash dumps.
 		pureboot_add_loader(pureboot9 TIMEOUT 9)
@@ -276,11 +321,11 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	endif()
 
 	# The size matrix: every configuration axis that could move the image
-	# size — the serial backend (different code), the USART instance
+	# size - the serial backend (different code), the USART instance
 	# (different registers), the clock (different constants), the baud
 	# through the shapes its bit timing takes, and the pins through the one
 	# thing they decide (whether a bit-banged link has to release the USART
-	# that owns them) — each combination must still fit the chip's slot
+	# that owns them) - each combination must still fit the chip's slot
 	# budget. The timeout is a constant and adds no axis. The stock build is
 	# one point of this matrix and already has its test.
 	function(pureboot_size_variant name)
@@ -291,7 +336,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	endfunction()
 
 	# The autobaud loader: one clock-agnostic image per chip, so it has no
-	# clock x baud axis of its own — the matrix below sweeps those for the
+	# clock x baud axis of its own - the matrix below sweeps those for the
 	# fixed-baud builds, and this one binary has to serve all of them at run
 	# time. Size-tested against the same per-chip budget as every other variant.
 	pureboot_add_loader(pureboot_autobaud SERIAL autobaud)
@@ -312,6 +357,9 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	# default pair, or the index of the USART whose own pins a bit-banged
 	# link sits on. Unreachable rates drop out here rather than aborting the
 	# configure.
+	# The optional trailing argument is the one-wire shape of the same link:
+	# ONE_WIRE folds a software point onto its RX pin (the default, or the
+	# named USART's RXD), HALF_DUPLEX is the hardware USART's turn-around.
 	function(pureboot_matrix_point hz baud link pins)
 		set(_name pbm_${hz}_${baud}_${link})
 		if(link STREQUAL "software")
@@ -321,9 +369,21 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 				list(APPEND _args RX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_TX})
 				set(_name ${_name}_on${pins})
 			endif()
+			if(ARGC GREATER 4 AND ARGV4 STREQUAL "ONE_WIRE")
+				if(NOT pins STREQUAL "")
+					set(_args SERIAL software RX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART${pins}_RX})
+				else()
+					list(APPEND _args RX pb0 TX pb0)
+				endif()
+				set(_name ${_name}_1w)
+			endif()
 		else()
 			pureboot_baud_feasible(${hz} ${baud} 0 _ok)
 			set(_args USART ${link})
+			if(ARGC GREATER 4 AND ARGV4 STREQUAL "HALF_DUPLEX")
+				list(APPEND _args HALF_DUPLEX)
+				set(_name ${_name}_hd)
+			endif()
 		endif()
 		if(_ok)
 			pureboot_size_variant(${_name} CLOCK ${hz} BAUD ${baud} ${_args})
@@ -332,7 +392,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 
 	# Clock points: the shipped-fuse floor (CKDIV8), the calibrated RC, and
 	# the crystal the stock build assumes (the tiny13's ladder is its own RC
-	# menu — it has no crystal option).
+	# menu - it has no crystal option).
 	if(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^attiny13")
 		set(_matrix_clocks 1200000 4800000 9600000)
 		set(_full_clocks 128000 600000 1200000 4800000 9600000)
@@ -343,20 +403,20 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	endif()
 
 	# The exhaustive cross product: every clock a deployment plausibly runs
-	# — the internal oscillators, the shipped CKDIV8 floor, the plain
-	# crystals and the UART crystals — against every rate, against every
+	# - the internal oscillators, the shipped CKDIV8 floor, the plain
+	# crystals and the UART crystals - against every rate, against every
 	# backend. Beyond the ladder the list carries the slow rates a
 	# sub-megahertz oscillator is left with, which no ladder rate reaches
 	# (16000 Bd is the only rate the 128 kHz oscillator holds exactly); at
 	# the fast clocks those same rates also select the software UART's
 	# 16-bit _delay_loop_2 bit spin (two words more setup at each of its five
 	# sites), the largest image the space produces and a shape the ladder
-	# default — always the *fastest* rate a clock reaches — never picks.
+	# default - always the *fastest* rate a clock reaches - never picks.
 	#
 	# Every chip runs the full cross product: the size-bearing classes (flash
 	# addressing, hand-over shape, page size, USART inventory) are what make
 	# the image differ, and a chip outside them is expected to match its class
-	# — but "expected" is what a matrix is for, and the whole sweep is cheap
+	# - but "expected" is what a matrix is for, and the whole sweep is cheap
 	# enough to run rather than reason about. PUREBOOT_FULL_MATRIX is what
 	# selects it; the compact matrix below is the per-commit default.
 	get_property(_full_bauds GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_BAUD_LADDER)
@@ -365,13 +425,18 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		foreach(_matrix_hz IN LISTS _full_clocks)
 			foreach(_matrix_baud IN LISTS _full_bauds)
 				pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software "")
+				pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software "" ONE_WIRE)
 				if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
 					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 0)
+					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 0 ONE_WIRE)
 					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 0 "")
+					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 0 "" HALF_DUPLEX)
 				endif()
 				if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
 					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 1)
+					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} software 1 ONE_WIRE)
 					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 1 "")
+					pureboot_matrix_point(${_matrix_hz} ${_matrix_baud} 1 "" HALF_DUPLEX)
 				endif()
 			endforeach()
 		endforeach()
@@ -390,9 +455,9 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		endforeach()
 		list(GET _matrix_clocks -1 _matrix_top_hz)
 		pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_wide CLOCK ${_matrix_top_hz} BAUD 9600 SERIAL software)
-		# The pin axis at the widest software image — the slowest ladder rate
+		# The pin axis at the widest software image - the slowest ladder rate
 		# against the fastest clock, whose bit spin needs the 16-bit delay
-		# loop — with the USART release on top of it. The exhaustive sweep
+		# loop - with the USART release on top of it. The exhaustive sweep
 		# above carries the same axis across its whole cross product.
 		if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
 			pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_sw_wide_on_usart0 CLOCK ${_matrix_top_hz} BAUD 9600
@@ -409,7 +474,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 
 	# The pin axis at its fixed points, in both matrix modes. The autobaud
 	# loader carries no clock and no baud, so the sweep has nothing to vary
-	# for it — yet it is the tightest image in the space, and on a USART's
+	# for it - yet it is the tightest image in the space, and on a USART's
 	# own pins it pays the release too: that combination is the one that
 	# overflowed the 1284's slot. The software build on those pins is the
 	# same deployment the mute test drives.
@@ -427,7 +492,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	endif()
 
 	# The OSCCAL axis at its fixed points: the stock shape, and the tightest
-	# image in the space with the trim on top — the axis adds one register
+	# image in the space with the trim on top - the axis adds one register
 	# write, and these points hold both of its addressing encodings to every
 	# chip's budget.
 	pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_osccal OSCCAL 0x9c)
@@ -437,10 +502,34 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		                      RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_TX})
 	endif()
 
-	# The trim byte, observed through the wire from the first prompt — one
+	# The one-wire axis at its fixed points, in both matrix modes (the
+	# exhaustive sweep carries the same shapes across its cross product):
+	# the software link folded onto one pin, the tightest autobaud image
+	# likewise - on the default pin and on the USART's own RXD, whose
+	# release the now-driven shared pin needs where a receive-only link
+	# would not - and the hardware USART's half-duplex turn-around, stock
+	# and at the widest fixed-baud shape.
+	# The two spellings deliberately split across the two points: HALF_DUPLEX
+	# folds TX onto RX, RX == TX states the same thing directly.
+	pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w SERIAL software RX pb0 HALF_DUPLEX)
+	pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal SERIAL autobaud OSCCAL 0x9c RX pb0 TX pb0)
+	if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART)
+		pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w_on_usart0 SERIAL software
+		                      RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX})
+		pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0 SERIAL autobaud OSCCAL 0x9c
+		                      RX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX} TX ${PUREBOOT_USART0_RX})
+		pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_hd HALF_DUPLEX)
+		list(GET _matrix_clocks -1 _hd_top_hz)
+		pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_hd_wide CLOCK ${_hd_top_hz} BAUD 9600 HALF_DUPLEX)
+	endif()
+	if(PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1)
+		pureboot_size_variant(pureboot_usart1_hd USART 1 HALF_DUPLEX)
+	endif()
+
+	# The trim byte, observed through the wire from the first prompt - one
 	# chip per OSCCAL addressing class: extended I/O on the 328P (data 0x66,
-	# an sts — DS40002061B §36), plain I/O on the 85 (data 0x51, an out —
-	# Atmel-2586 §21).
+	# an sts - DS40002061B section 36), plain I/O on the 85 (data 0x51, an out -
+	# Atmel-2586 section 21).
 	if(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^(atmega328p|attiny85)$" AND DEFINED PB_DEVICE)
 		if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
 			set(_osccal_addr 0x66)
@@ -458,11 +547,11 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.osccal PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 120)
 	endif()
 
-	# One configured deployment end to end — a real board's shape rather
+	# One configured deployment end to end - a real board's shape rather
 	# than the stock assumption: the ATmega328P on its shipped 1 MHz fuses,
 	# the software UART on hand-picked pins (TX = PB1, RX = PB5), the ladder
 	# baud (9600). The full protocol suite runs against it, fixture
-	# application included, over the runner's GPIO bridge — proving the
+	# application included, over the runner's GPIO bridge - proving the
 	# configuration plumbing produces a working loader, not just one that
 	# fits.
 	if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p" AND DEFINED PB_DEVICE)
@@ -486,7 +575,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.custom PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
 	endif()
 
-	# Hand-over with the USART that owns the loader's pins left enabled — the
+	# Hand-over with the USART that owns the loader's pins left enabled - the
 	# state an application reaches by jumping in without a reset, and the one
 	# that made a bit-banged loader on PD0/PD1 (where the Uno's USB bridge
 	# lands) receive and obey while answering nothing. Run where it was found
@@ -511,6 +600,58 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		                 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
 		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbmute-work ${_mute_link})
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.mute PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
+
+		# The same hand-over against the one-wire deployment on that USART's
+		# RXD: RXEN forces the shared pin's direction, so a loader that only
+		# released the transmit-side hold would read the wire and answer into
+		# a pin it cannot drive. The host runs with the --one-wire echo
+		# discard, which the bridge's shared-line model feeds for real.
+		get_target_property(_mute1w_link pureboot_1w_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_LINK)
+		add_test(NAME pureboot.mute.onewire
+		         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbmute.py
+		                 ${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_1w_on_usart0> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_mute_hz}
+		                 ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_mute_baud}
+		                 $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_handover>.bin
+		                 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbmute-1w-work ${_mute1w_link})
+		set_tests_properties(pureboot.mute.onewire PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
+
+		# The full protocol suite over one shared pin: the loader folded onto
+		# PB0, the bridge following the pin's direction, the fixture
+		# bannering as a guest on the same line, and the host discarding its
+		# own echo throughout.
+		get_target_property(_1w_hz pureboot_1w PUREBOOT_HZ)
+		get_target_property(_1w_baud pureboot_1w PUREBOOT_BAUD)
+		get_target_property(_1w_link pureboot_1w PUREBOOT_LINK)
+		add_executable(pbapp_1w test/pbapp.cpp)
+		target_link_libraries(pbapp_1w PRIVATE libavr)
+		target_compile_definitions(pbapp_1w PRIVATE PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=${_1w_hz}
+		                           PUREBOOT_BAUD=${_1w_baud} PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL
+		                           PUREBOOT_RX=pb0 PUREBOOT_TX=pb0)
+		add_custom_command(TARGET pbapp_1w POST_BUILD
+		                   COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary
+		                           $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_1w> $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_1w>.bin)
+		add_test(NAME pureboot.onewire
+		         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbtest.py
+		                 ${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_1w> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_1w_hz}
+		                 ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_1w_baud} ${PUREBOOT_EEPROM}
+		                 $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_1w>.bin ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pb1w-work ${_1w_link})
+		set_tests_properties(pureboot.onewire PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
+
+		# The hardware USART's half-duplex turn-around, end to end: every
+		# reply byte runs drive-line, TXC-hold, release - against simavr's
+		# RXEN-gated receiver, which drops input to a disabled receiver the
+		# way silicon does. The pty is a two-wire transport, so the host
+		# needs no echo discard here; the off-chip tie itself is the
+		# hardware bench's item.
+		add_test(NAME pureboot.halfduplex
+		         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbtest.py
+		                 ${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_hd> ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${_pb_stock_hz}
+		                 ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE} ${_pb_stock_baud} ${PUREBOOT_EEPROM}
+		                 $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp>.bin ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbhd-work)
+		set_tests_properties(pureboot.halfduplex PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 180)
 	endif()
 
 	# The second USART, driven for real on one chip: instance selection is
@@ -539,7 +680,7 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 	# The autobaud loader driven end to end over the software-UART bridge:
 	# the host sends the 0xC0 calibration pulse, the loader times it, locks,
 	# and programs. Run on the near-flash 328P
-	# and the word-addressed 1284P — the two flash-addressing classes — and each
+	# and the word-addressed 1284P - the two flash-addressing classes - and each
 	# at two clocks with the one binary, which is the clock-agnostic property
 	# autobaud exists for (test/pbautobaud.py). The fixture application banners
 	# over the same software link at the first clock's rate.
@@ -559,6 +700,31 @@ if(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
 		                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbautobaud-work)
 		set_tests_properties(pureboot.autobaud PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 240)
 
+		# The tightest deployment in the space, end to end: the autobaud
+		# loader folded onto the USART's own RXD with the OSCCAL trim baked
+		# - one-wire calibration, the receive-side release, and the host's
+		# echo discard, over the same two-clock sweep. One chip carries it;
+		# the shape is chip-independent.
+		if(LIBAVR_MCU STREQUAL "atmega328p")
+			get_target_property(_ab1w_link pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0 PUREBOOT_LINK)
+			add_executable(pbapp_autobaud_1w test/pbapp.cpp)
+			target_link_libraries(pbapp_autobaud_1w PRIVATE libavr)
+			target_compile_definitions(pbapp_autobaud_1w PRIVATE PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ=1000000
+			                           PUREBOOT_BAUD=9600 PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL
+			                           PUREBOOT_RX=pd0 PUREBOOT_TX=pd0)
+			add_custom_command(TARGET pbapp_autobaud_1w POST_BUILD
+			                   COMMAND ${CMAKE_OBJCOPY} -O binary
+			                           $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud_1w> $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud_1w>.bin)
+			add_test(NAME pureboot.autobaud.onewire
+			         COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/test/pbautobaud.py
+			                 ${PB_DEVICE} $<TARGET_FILE:pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0>
+			                 ${PUREBOOT_SIM_MCU} ${PUREBOOT_BASE_HEX} ${PUREBOOT_PAGE}
+			                 $<TARGET_FILE:pbapp_autobaud_1w>.bin
+			                 1000000 9600 ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/pureboot/pureboot.py
+			                 ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/pbautobaud-1w-work ${_ab1w_link})
+			set_tests_properties(pureboot.autobaud.onewire PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 240)
+		endif()
+
 		# The autobaud window: the calibration poll budget, at the measured
 		# 10 cycles a poll (pbwindow.py pins the constant the README's
 		# seconds arithmetic uses; the budget itself is the clock-free knob).

ide/README.md

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 
 `master` carries `bootloader.atsln`, so this branch does too: `ide/bootloader.atsln`
 builds the loaders from the same sources Ninja does, to a **byte-identical
-`.text`** — 390 B for the 328P pureboot loader, 510 B for the `tsb_asm` tier in
-its 512-byte section. CMake remains the build system; the solution is here so the
-port opens in Studio as its predecessor did.
+`.text`** — the stock 328P pureboot deployment and the `tsb_asm` tier in its
+512-byte section (`check-flags.py` below is what holds the flag sets equal, so
+the sizes are Ninja's own). CMake remains the build system; the solution is
+here so the port opens in Studio as its predecessor did.
 
 ## The two projects, and why two
 

oracle/README.md

@@ -38,11 +38,23 @@ avra -I /usr/share/avra tsb-fixedbaud.asm   # after uncommenting .include "m328P
 ```
 
 **500 bytes with every feature** — the proof that ≤512 B and full feature parity
-are simultaneously reachable. The port's `tsb_asm` tier meets the same bar at
-510 B in the same 512 B section, written in C++ on libavr except the two
-routines whose remaining cost is the calling convention itself (the bounded rx
-and the page-store loop); `tsb_tricks` needs no assembly at all at 526 B, and
-`tsb_pure` stays fully idiomatic at 836 B, both in the 1 KB section.
+are simultaneously reachable. The port's four tiers reach it from the other
+side, and the gradient between them is the cost of the mechanisms each is
+allowed:
+
+| tier | bytes | section | what it is allowed |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| oracle | 500 | 512 B | hand-written assembly, the reference |
+| `tsb_asm` | 512 | 512 B | C++ on libavr, two routines in asm |
+| `tsb_tricks` | 528 | 1 KB | no asm; global register variables |
+| `tsb_policy` | 630 | 1 KB | pureboot's rules: no asm, no register variables |
+| `tsb_pure` | 776 | 1 KB | idiomatic libavr throughout |
+
+The two routines `tsb_asm` keeps are the ones whose remaining cost is the
+calling convention itself: the bounded rx and the page-store loop. It fills
+its section exactly, with the same one-bit-time turn-around guard the oracle
+spends six bytes on - every tier implements the whole feature set, which is
+what makes the column a gradient rather than four different loaders.
 
 The oracle targets 20 MHz / 33333 baud; the port targets 16 MHz / 115200 baud
 (what the simavr protocol test drives). Baud and geometry differ, code size and

pureboot/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # pureboot as a consumable CMake unit: the per-chip geometry, the default baud
-# ladder, and pureboot_add_loader() — the one way a loader target is created.
+# ladder, and pureboot_add_loader() - the one way a loader target is created.
 # A downstream project brings its usual libavr setup (the `libavr` target and
 # the LIBAVR_MCU toolchain preset), adds this directory, and states its
 # deployment; every argument is optional (README.md):
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 # Per-family geometry, deployment defaults, and the linker wrap the PC modulo
 # needs. The slot is 512 bytes on every chip. The USART flags mirror the
-# hardware inventory the loader's own static asserts check — the plain 644 is
+# hardware inventory the loader's own static asserts check - the plain 644 is
 # the x4 family's one single-USART die (Atmel-2593).
 set(_pb_has_usart 1)
 set(_pb_has_usart1 0)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ set(_pb_slot 512)
 math(EXPR _pb_base "${_pb_flash} - ${_pb_slot}")
 math(EXPR _pb_base_hex "${_pb_base}" OUTPUT_FORMAT HEXADECIMAL)
 # Patched-vector chips hand over through the trampoline word below the slot,
-# which is also the slot's own last word — their budget is slot − 2.
+# which is also the slot's own last word - their budget is slot - 2.
 if(LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^atmega" AND NOT LIBAVR_MCU MATCHES "^atmega48")
 	set(_pb_app 0)
 	set(_pb_limit ${_pb_slot})
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ endif()
 
 # The pins each USART owns. A bit-banged link deployed on them has to release
 # that USART before it can drive the line, and those instructions are the one
-# way the choice of pins moves the image — so a size matrix needs them as an
+# way the choice of pins moves the image - so a size matrix needs them as an
 # axis even though pins are otherwise immediate operands. Uniform across every
 # mega libavr covers: USART0 (the classics' un-numbered USART included) on
 # PD0/PD1, USART1 on PD2/PD3.
@@ -166,7 +166,9 @@ set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_WRAP "${_pb_wrap}")
 set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_DEFAULT_HZ ${_pb_hz})
 set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_HAS_USART ${_pb_has_usart})
 set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_HAS_USART1 ${_pb_has_usart1})
+set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_RX ${_pb_usart0_rx})
 set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_TX ${_pb_usart0_tx})
+set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_RX ${_pb_usart1_rx})
 set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_TX ${_pb_usart1_tx})
 
 # The port's own build (tests, the size matrix) reads the geometry from the
@@ -231,18 +233,24 @@ function(pureboot_default_baud clock software outvar)
 		endif()
 	endforeach()
 	message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot: no standard baud rate fits a ${clock} Hz clock within 2.5 % "
-	        "— pass BAUD <rate> to deploy a non-standard one")
+	        " - pass BAUD <rate> to deploy a non-standard one")
 endfunction()
 
 # pureboot_add_loader(<name> [CLOCK <hz>] [BAUD <bd>]
 #                     [SERIAL auto|hardware|software|autobaud] [USART <n>]
-#                     [RX <pin>] [TX <pin>] [TIMEOUT <s>] [OSCCAL <byte>])
+#                     [RX <pin>] [TX <pin>] [TIMEOUT <s>] [OSCCAL <byte>]
+#                     [HALF_DUPLEX])
 #
 # The loader target plus its flashable images (<name>.hex for a programmer,
 # <name>.bin for --update-loader). The resolved deployment is stamped on the
 # target as PUREBOOT_HZ / PUREBOOT_BAUD / PUREBOOT_LINK (the link spelled
 # usart0, usart1, or sw:<RX>,<TX> with a trailing @<n> where those pins are a
-# USART's own) — what a test harness speaks to it with.
+# USART's own) - what a test harness speaks to it with.
+#
+# HALF_DUPLEX is the one-wire deployment, per backend: on the hardware USART
+# it enables the library's .half_duplex turn-around (RXD and TXD tied
+# together off-chip); on a software or autobaud link it puts both directions
+# on the RX pin - the same thing RX == TX spells directly.
 #
 # SERIAL autobaud measures the host's bit timing at run time, so the image
 # carries no clock and no baud: CLOCK and BAUD are not build parameters there,
@@ -252,12 +260,12 @@ endfunction()
 #
 # OSCCAL bakes a measured oscillator trim into the loader (README.md: the
 # RC-oscillator deployment answer): the byte is written at the top of run(),
-# so every reset path — the watchdog hand-over included — runs on the
+# so every reset path - the watchdog hand-over included - runs on the
 # corrected clock. Orthogonal to the backend: an autobaud build may carry it
 # purely for the application's benefit, its own link being clock-free. No
 # value, no code.
 function(pureboot_add_loader name)
-	cmake_parse_arguments(PB "" "CLOCK;BAUD;SERIAL;USART;RX;TX;TIMEOUT;OSCCAL" "" ${ARGN})
+	cmake_parse_arguments(PB "HALF_DUPLEX" "CLOCK;BAUD;SERIAL;USART;RX;TX;TIMEOUT;OSCCAL" "" ${ARGN})
 	if(PB_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS)
 		message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): unknown arguments ${PB_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS}")
 	endif()
@@ -294,15 +302,21 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
 			message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): ${LIBAVR_MCU} has no hardware USART")
 		endif()
 		set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_USART=${PB_USART})
+		if(PB_HALF_DUPLEX)
+			list(APPEND _serial_defines PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX)
+		endif()
 		set(_link usart${PB_USART})
 	else()
 		if(PB_SERIAL STREQUAL "auto")
 			if(_usart AND (PB_RX OR PB_TX))
 				message(WARNING "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): RX/TX apply to the software UART, "
-				        "which auto does not pick on ${LIBAVR_MCU} — SERIAL software to force it")
+				        "which auto does not pick on ${LIBAVR_MCU} - SERIAL software to force it")
 			endif()
 			if(_usart)
 				set(_link usart0)
+				if(PB_HALF_DUPLEX)
+					set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX)
+				endif()
 			else()
 				set(PB_SERIAL software)
 			endif()
@@ -311,6 +325,15 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
 			if(NOT PB_RX)
 				set(PB_RX pb0)
 			endif()
+			if(PB_HALF_DUPLEX)
+				# One-wire: both directions on the RX pin. RX == TX spells
+				# the same deployment directly.
+				if(PB_TX AND NOT PB_TX STREQUAL PB_RX)
+					message(FATAL_ERROR "pureboot_add_loader(${name}): HALF_DUPLEX puts both "
+					        "directions on RX (${PB_RX}); TX ${PB_TX} contradicts it")
+				endif()
+				set(PB_TX ${PB_RX})
+			endif()
 			if(NOT PB_TX)
 				set(PB_TX pb1)
 			endif()
@@ -324,7 +347,7 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
 			else()
 				set(_serial_defines PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL PUREBOOT_RX=${PB_RX} PUREBOOT_TX=${PB_TX})
 			endif()
-			# sw:<RX>,<TX> as port letter and bit, upcased — with @<n> where
+			# sw:<RX>,<TX> as port letter and bit, upcased - with @<n> where
 			# the TX pin is a USART's own TXD, since a harness driving that
 			# link has to know the USART owns the pin until the loader
 			# releases it.
@@ -334,10 +357,19 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
 			string(REPLACE "SW" "sw" _link ${_link})
 			get_property(_tx0 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_TX)
 			get_property(_tx1 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_TX)
+			get_property(_rx0 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART0_RX)
+			get_property(_rx1 GLOBAL PROPERTY PUREBOOT_USART1_RX)
 			if(_usart AND PB_TX STREQUAL _tx0)
 				set(_link "${_link}@0")
 			elseif(_usart1 AND PB_TX STREQUAL _tx1)
 				set(_link "${_link}@1")
+			elseif(PB_TX STREQUAL PB_RX AND _usart AND PB_RX STREQUAL _rx0)
+				# One-wire on a USART's RXD: RXEN forces that pin's direction
+				# (section 20.7.3), so the driven shared pin is held exactly like a
+				# TXD - the harness models the hold either way.
+				set(_link "${_link}@0")
+			elseif(PB_TX STREQUAL PB_RX AND _usart1 AND PB_RX STREQUAL _rx1)
+				set(_link "${_link}@1")
 			endif()
 		endif()
 	endif()
@@ -371,12 +403,12 @@ function(pureboot_add_loader name)
 	# byte-stream loops' counters into end-pointer forms that cost registers
 	# (-fno-ivopts, -fno-split-wide-types), leaves register pressure on the
 	# table with the default allocator (-fira-algorithm=priority), and keeps
-	# expression temporaries in registers (-fno-tree-ter) — but every loop body
+	# expression temporaries in registers (-fno-tree-ter) - but every loop body
 	# here contains a call, so a register held across it costs more than the
 	# load-immediate it saves. The set is fitted to the loader's body and has to
 	# be re-measured when that body changes: -fno-move-loop-invariants belonged
 	# here while the command loop carried four transfer bodies and costs bytes
-	# now that it carries one, and -fno-ivopts is fitted per backend — an
+	# now that it carries one, and -fno-ivopts is fitted per backend - an
 	# autobaud body needs ivopts to keep the calibration countdown a single
 	# induction variable (without it the counter is duplicated and the
 	# measurement loop runs 9 cycles instead of its contracted 7), while the

pureboot/README.md

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ erase, reset-vector surgery, updating the loader itself — lives in the host
 tool (`pureboot.py`).
 
 The image is **position-independent**: control flow is PC-relative, the
-transfer paths take wire addresses, the write guard protects the slot the code
-is *running* in (from the runtime return address), nothing else is
-flash-resident to address at all, and the application jump is an indirect call
-to an absolute entry. The identical binary therefore runs from any slot with
+transfer paths take wire addresses, nothing is flash-resident to address at
+all, and the application jump is an indirect call to an absolute entry. It does
+not know which slot it occupies and does not need to. The identical binary
+therefore runs from any slot with
 every command intact, which makes pureboot **its own staging loader**: the host
 installs the same binary one slot below the resident, jumps into it, and lets
 it rewrite the resident. The lint holds it to that literally — the image must
@@ -26,31 +26,38 @@ Every axis moves per build — see *Configuration*. The Autobaud column is the
 worst configuration the space produces for the chip: the clock-free build —
 it alone carries the calibration machinery — with the `OSCCAL` trim baked
 and, where the chip has a USART, the link deployed on that USART's own pins,
-which the loader then has to release (*Pin ownership*). On default pins
-without the trim the same loaders run 4–10 B smaller.
+which the loader then has to release (*Pin ownership*). Folding the same
+build onto a single pin (*One-wire*) measures identically on every chip, so
+the column covers that twin too. On default pins without the trim the same
+loaders run 4–10 B smaller.
 
 | Chip | Flash | Loader at | Link | Stock | Autobaud |
 |---|---|---|---|---|---|
-| ATtiny13, ATtiny13A † | 1 KiB | 0x0200 | software | 384 B | 474 B |
-| ATtiny25 † | 2 KiB | 0x0600 | software | 388 B | 466 B |
-| ATtiny45 † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | software | 388 B | 466 B |
-| ATtiny85 † | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | software | 388 B | 466 B |
-| ATmega8, 8A | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 362 B | 494 B |
-| ATmega16, 16A | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 364 B | 496 B |
-| ATmega32, 32A | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 364 B | 496 B |
-| ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
-| ATmega88, 88A, 88P, 88PA | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 388 B | 478 B |
-| ATmega168, 168A, 168P, 168PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 390 B | 480 B |
-| ATmega328, 328P | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 390 B | 480 B |
-| ATmega164A, 164P, 164PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 390 B | 480 B |
-| ATmega324A, 324P, 324PA | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 390 B | 480 B |
-| ATmega644, 644A, 644P, 644PA | 64 KiB | 0xfe00 | USART0 | 384 B | 474 B |
-| ATmega1284, 1284P | 128 KiB | 0x1fe00 | USART0 | 410 B | 502 B |
+| ATtiny13, ATtiny13A † | 1 KiB | 0x0200 | software | 372 B | 460 B |
+| ATtiny25 † | 2 KiB | 0x0600 | software | 376 B | 452 B |
+| ATtiny45 † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | software | 376 B | 452 B |
+| ATtiny85 † | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | software | 376 B | 452 B |
+| ATmega8, 8A | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 350 B | 480 B |
+| ATmega16, 16A | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 352 B | 484 B |
+| ATmega32, 32A | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 352 B | 484 B |
+| ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA † | 4 KiB | 0x0e00 | USART0 | 366 B | 454 B |
+| ATmega88, 88A, 88P, 88PA | 8 KiB | 0x1e00 | USART0 | 376 B | 464 B |
+| ATmega168, 168A, 168P, 168PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
+| ATmega328, 328P | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
+| ATmega164A, 164P, 164PA | 16 KiB | 0x3e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
+| ATmega324A, 324P, 324PA | 32 KiB | 0x7e00 | USART0 | 378 B | 468 B |
+| ATmega644, 644A, 644P, 644PA | 64 KiB | 0xfe00 | USART0 | 372 B | 462 B |
+| ATmega1284, 1284P | 128 KiB | 0x1fe00 | USART0 | 390 B | 480 B |
 
-† No hardware boot section: the host patches the reset vector, and the budget
-is 510 bytes, since the slot's last word is the trampoline.
+† No hardware boot section: the host patches the reset vector, and an image's
+budget is 510 bytes. The last word of the **lower** slot belongs to the host —
+it is the trampoline holding the application's relocated reset vector, and it
+is a staging copy's own last word during a self-update — so an image must fit
+below it. The resident loader has all 512 bytes of the slot it runs in; 510 is
+what an image must fit so that a copy of it staged one slot down leaves that
+word alone.
 
-The tightest fit in the whole space is therefore the 1284s' 502 of their
+The tightest fit in the whole space is therefore the 1284s' 480 of their
 512: they alone carry the far-flash machinery (ELPM reads, RAMPZ page
 commands) on top of everything the column already stacks. The flash bank
 riding in a transfer's selector byte keeps even those chips' addressing the
@@ -75,6 +82,7 @@ repo's build and by a downstream project alike:
 | `RX <pin>`, `TX <pin>` | software-UART pins | `pb0`, `pb1` |
 | `TIMEOUT <s>` | the activation window | 8 |
 | `OSCCAL <byte>` | a measured oscillator trim, applied before anything runs | none — no value, no code |
+| `HALF_DUPLEX` | one-wire: both directions on one line (*One-wire* below) | off |
 
 The default baud is the fastest of 115200/57600/38400/19200/9600 the clock
 reaches within 2.5 % — the same U2X-included divisor search libavr's baud
@@ -126,6 +134,43 @@ another one and the host's retries eventually catch the pulse. That reads as far
 more reliable than the same part with an application resident, which gets one
 window per reset. Measure with an application in place.
 
+## One-wire
+
+`HALF_DUPLEX` puts both directions on one line — the deployment for a board
+with a single spare pin, or a native-UART bootloader's shared-line wiring.
+Each backend has its shape:
+
+- **Software and autobaud links** fold onto the RX pin (`RX == TX` spells
+  the same deployment directly). The pin idles as the receiver's pull-up
+  input; each transmitted frame takes the pin's direction and hands it back
+  with the stop bit's level already on the pull-up, so neither flip makes
+  an edge. This costs nothing: the frame's direction wrap is exactly what
+  the dropped second-pin init paid, and the tightest image in the space —
+  the 1284s' autobaud + `OSCCAL` on their USART's RXD — measures the same
+  480 bytes one-wire as two-wire. On a USART's own pin the release applies
+  as ever, RXD included: `RXEN` forces that pin's direction (§20.7.3),
+  which a receive-only link could live with and a driven shared pin cannot.
+- **The hardware USART** (`SERIAL hardware`/`auto` + `HALF_DUPLEX`) uses
+  libavr's `.half_duplex` turn-around — exactly one direction enabled at a
+  time, each written byte held to transmit-complete before the line can be
+  released — and needs RXD and TXD tied together off-chip. It costs
+  +42…50 B over the stock loader (m8 392, m328P 428, 1284P 440 — all far
+  inside the slot); the activation window is unchanged, its poll merely
+  runs through the release-line test (18 cycles a poll in bit-addressable
+  I/O, 22 in extended — measured, and held per chip by
+  `pureboot.window.halfduplex`).
+
+Host wiring, for an FTDI-style adapter: **adapter TX through ~1 kΩ to the
+line, adapter RX and the MCU pin directly on it.** The resistor lets the MCU
+win the line while it answers; the price is that the adapter reads back every
+byte it transmits. `pureboot.py --one-wire` consumes that echo byte for byte
+— a missing echo is reported as the wiring fault it is, and a device reply
+that lands between the echoes of the knock (a loader already in session
+re-prompts mid-knock) is held for the reader. The knock is the protocol's
+one blind multi-byte write, so on real wiring its second byte can be lost to
+that collision outright; the tool's knock retries absorb it. Everything else
+is ack-paced and cannot collide.
+
 A downstream project brings its usual libavr setup (the `libavr` target, the
 chip via the `LIBAVR_MCU` toolchain preset), consumes this directory, and
 states its deployment — an ATmega328P on its shipped 1 MHz fuses with the
@@ -181,17 +226,76 @@ Re-timing a deployed loader is a self-update with a re-timed build. An autobaud
 build counts poll iterations instead (`PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS`), there being
 no clock to turn into seconds.
 
+### Entering from a running application
+
+A window opens at a reset and nowhere else, which assumes a reset edge exists —
+a button, or DTR wired to it. On a board with neither, the way in has to come
+from the application, by jumping to the loader base.
+
+Deciding *when* to jump is the application's business and deliberately not
+pureboot's: a console command, a held pin, a magic byte, an idle timeout — each
+board's answer differs, and none of them belongs in a 512-byte loader. pureboot
+offers no knock detector and no consumable header for this. What follows is the
+handful of non-obvious mechanics.
+
+Give the linker the base as a symbol rather than casting a literal to a
+function pointer, so the address is stated once and in the same units the
+loader is linked at:
+
+```cmake
+target_link_options(app PRIVATE "LINKER:--defsym=pureboot_loader=0x7e00")
+```
+
+```cpp
+extern "C" [[noreturn]] void pureboot_loader();
+
+// ... then, with interrupts off and the watchdog disabled:
+pureboot_loader();
+```
+
+That is the whole jump: an ordinary call to an absolute symbol, which the
+linker resolves and `-mrelax` shortens where it can — `call 0x7e00` in four
+bytes, or an `rjmp` on a part small enough for one.
+
+It is worth saying what *not* to copy here, because pureboot's own hand-over
+(`run_app()`) looks different: it launders its target through a
+`[[gnu::noipa]]` indirect call. That is a position-independence measure, and it
+belongs to the loader alone — the same image runs from either slot, so it must
+never bake an absolute address. An application is linked at a fixed base and
+has no such problem; using the indirect form costs two `ldi`s and a helper call
+to reach the same place a plain call reaches in four bytes.
+
+Three things must be true before the jump:
+
+- **Interrupts off and the watchdog disabled.** The loader is polled and
+  vector-less; an ISR landing in it vectors into the application's table.
+- **WDRF clear.** pureboot hands straight back to the application on a watchdog
+  reset (above), and it only *peeks* MCUSR — so a jump arriving with WDRF still
+  set opens no window at all.
+- **Release any peripheral holding the link.** A loader entered by a jump
+  inherits the application's registers rather than reset values: with `TXEN0`
+  still set the USART owns TxD, and a bit-banging loader then receives
+  perfectly and answers into a pin it does not control. Clearing `UCSR0B`
+  before jumping is the whole fix, and the symptom without it is a loader that
+  is mute rather than deaf, which reads as a dead board.
+
 ## Session
 
-After the knock the loader stays in its command loop until `J` jumps away or
-the chip resets. Before reading each command it waits for any pending EEPROM
+After the knock the loader stays in its command loop until a jump takes it away
+or the chip resets. Before reading each command it waits for any pending EEPROM
 write and sends the prompt `+` (0x2b), which is therefore also the previous
 command's completion ack. A session is: await `+`, send a command, read its
-reply, repeat.
+verdict, then its reply, repeat.
+
+There is no invalid opcode: every byte begins a command, and it is the seal
+rather than a table of known letters that rejects noise. The knock is the one
+thing that must survive being sent into a loader already in session, which is
+why both its bytes — `p` and `b` — carry the identify bit: they answer the
+identity and consume nothing else.
 
 Addresses are **byte addresses within a 64 KiB bank**, and the bank rides in
-the command's selector byte, so no command has to speak word addresses. `J` is
-the exception: its address is a word address, because that is what the
+the command's selector byte, so no command has to speak word addresses. The jump
+is the exception: its address is a word address, because that is what the
 hardware's own jump takes — it still carries a selector byte (reserved,
 ignored) so its decode is the same three reads as every other command's.
 EEPROM and data-space addresses and all counts are bytes.
@@ -203,22 +307,38 @@ low EEPROM and the write silently overwrites it. Keeping transfers within the
 real sizes is the host's job (the shipped tool does); the flash budget is
 better spent on features than on re-checking a bound the host already holds.
 
-| Cmd | Arguments | Reply |
-|---|---|---|
-| `b` | — | 4 bytes: the pureboot version, then the three signature bytes |
-| `G` | sel8, addr16, n8 | n bytes from the selected space (n = 0 means 256) |
-| `g` | sel8, addr16, n8, then n data bytes | `+` per byte, sent once its write has begun |
-| `W` | sel8, addr16, then one page of data | — (completion = next prompt) |
-| `J` | sel8 (reserved), word address (16-bit) | `+`, then execution continues there |
-| other | — | ignored; the loop re-prompts (send a junk byte, await `+`, to resync) |
+Every command but the identity has **one header shape** — six bytes, the last
+of them a seal over the other five:
 
-`G` and `g` are one letter in two cases, which is the whole command set for
-every memory: the **selector** byte's low nibble names the space and its high
-nibble carries the flash bank.
+```text
+    op8   sel8   addr_lo8   addr_hi8   n8   seal8
+    seal = op ^ sel ^ addr_lo ^ addr_hi ^ n ^ 0x5A
+```
+
+The loader folds those fields and compares before it decodes what the command
+is, then **answers the seal**: `+` accepts, `0xD4` refuses and nothing has
+happened. The verdict comes before any payload, which is what keeps a refusal
+local — a fill or a write burst sends its data only once the header is in, so
+a rejected header never leaves the host pushing bytes into a loader that has
+gone back to reading commands.
+
+The opcode is bits, not a letter. A transfer is the absence of the other three,
+and its direction is the low bit.
+
+| Opcode | | Arguments after the header | Reply |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| 0x00 | read | none | verdict, then n bytes from the selected space (n = 0 means 256), then `+` |
+| 0x01 | write | n data bytes | verdict, then `+` per byte once its write has begun, then `+` |
+| 0x04 | fill | one page of data | verdict, then `+` when the page is in |
+| 0x08 | jump | none | verdict, then execution continues at the word address |
+| 0x20 | identify | *unsealed, one byte on its own* | 4 bytes: the version, then the three signature bytes, then `+` |
+
+The **selector** byte's low nibble names the space and its high nibble carries
+the flash bank.
 
 | Space | | |
 |---|---|---|
-| 0 | flash | read-only here; it is written through `W` and the SPM space |
+| 0 | flash | read-only here; it is written through the fill and the SPM command |
 | 1 | EEPROM | |
 | 2 | data | SRAM — and with it the register file and every I/O register, which share the data address space on AVR |
 | 3 | fuse and lock | index 0..3 in the hardware's own Z order: low, lock, extended, high |
@@ -227,18 +347,26 @@ nibble carries the flash bank.
 The data space is worth more than it looks. pureboot keeps **zero static RAM**
 and pushes no register, so at loader entry an application's SRAM is still
 whatever the application left there, bar the handful of bytes of return-address
-stack — which makes `G` over space 2 a post-mortem of a running application,
+stack — which makes a read over space 2 a post-mortem of a running application,
 not just a poke hole. The same address space carries the register file and the
 I/O registers, so peripheral state is readable too; reading some of those has
 side effects (reading UDR clears its flags), which is the host's business to
 know.
 
-Programming a page is therefore `W` to fill the buffer, then a `g` to the SPM
-space for the erase, another for the write, and on a boot-sectioned chip a
-third to re-enable the RWW section — `0x03`, `0x05` and `0x11`, the SPMCSR
-encodings every part pureboot targets shares. The loader carries no page-commit
-logic of its own, and the same primitive reaches every other SPM operation,
-lock bits included.
+Programming a page is therefore a fill to load the buffer, then an SPM command
+for the erase, another for the write, and on a boot-sectioned chip a third to
+re-enable the RWW section — `0x03`, `0x05` and `0x11`, the SPMCSR encodings
+every part pureboot targets shares. The loader carries no page-commit logic of
+its own, and the same primitive reaches every other SPM operation, lock bits
+included.
+
+An SPM command has **no data phase**: its SPMCSR byte rides the header's count
+field, where the seal covers it. That is the whole reason the field is
+overloaded — a byte arriving behind the header would arrive after the seal had
+been checked, and the one command that cannot be taken back is exactly the one
+that must not be decided by an unchecked byte. Setting the lock bits is
+therefore an ordinary sealed command (`0x09`) rather than something the loader
+refuses: deliberate is expressible, accidental is not reachable.
 
 The SPM store and the SPM instruction must issue within four cycles of each
 other (§26.2), which no host can hit across a serial link — so this one
@@ -246,11 +374,21 @@ primitive is *fused* rather than being a poke of SPMCSR followed by a poke of
 something else. That four-cycle window is the floor on how low-level a
 bootloader's primitives can go; it is not a byte-count decision.
 
-An SPM command aimed at the 512-byte slot the loader is **running in** is
-dropped, so a broken host cannot brick the running copy, while a staged copy
-one slot lower may rewrite the resident — which is what a self-update is.
+Nothing refuses an address, the loader's own slot included. Through pureboot 8
+a running-slot write was dropped; the seal replaced that guard, because what
+the guard defended against was a wire fault naming an address, and a wire fault
+can no longer name one. What it costs is that a host bug aimed at the running
+slot now lands. What it buys is that a resident copy can write its own slot —
+which is the only route a self-update has on a chip whose boot section *is* the
+512-byte slot, where no staged copy can run SPM at all: the resident plants a
+primitive in its own spare space and an application-side installer drives it.
+A copy that erases the page it is executing from does not come back, so which
+page matters; erasing any other page of its own slot it survives. That needs a
+page the image does not reach into, which the stock builds have and the biggest
+do not: a 378 B loader on a 128-byte-page mega leaves 384..511 entirely free,
+while the 480 B autobaud build reaches into it and has none.
 
-The loader never clears the SPM buffer before a fill, so **one `W` may program
+The loader never clears the SPM buffer before a fill, so **one fill may program
 the wrong bytes, and the host is what fixes it**. The buffer is write-once per
 word until cleared, and two things leave words in it: a refused page, and —
 where SPM runs from anywhere, the tinies and the m48s — an application that
@@ -260,15 +398,15 @@ the tinies), so repeating it programs correctly. The host therefore verifies
 every page it writes and rewrites what comes back wrong (three retries, then it
 stops).
 
-`g` is host-paced: send the next byte only after the previous byte's `+`. Fuse
+A write is host-paced: send the next byte only after the previous byte's `+`. Fuse
 *writing* does not exist — SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only.
 
-`J` is the one control-transfer primitive: it runs the application (word 0 or
+The jump is the one control-transfer primitive: it runs the application (word 0 or
 the trampoline word, both derived from the chip) and moves between loader
 copies during a self-update. A jump to a slot's base re-enters that copy's own
 startup, which must then be knocked afresh.
 
-`b` answers with the loader's identity — its version and the chip's signature —
+Identify answers with the loader's identity — its version and the chip's signature —
 and nothing else. Everything else the host needs (page size, loader base,
 EEPROM size, whether the reset vector must be patched, how many flash banks)
 follows from the signature, and the host holds that table; the loader derived
@@ -283,7 +421,7 @@ to install a mismatch against.
 
 ## Version
 
-`b`'s first byte is the **pureboot version** — the loader's one identity
+The identity's first byte is the **pureboot version** — the loader's one identity
 number, and the only way to tell what a deployed loader is. Nothing else is
 numbered: the wire protocol has no version, a pureboot version implies it, and
 the host tool holds that map. The tool states the window of loader versions it
@@ -302,7 +440,19 @@ moves `J` onto the unified decode — it gains the selector byte the table
 shows, which older loaders do not read, so the tool sends each form to the
 version that speaks it — and re-homes the autobaud unit into the GPIOR pair
 on the chips that have one (Session: what must not be written), which is
-where `--info`'s measured clock now reads it on those parts.
+where `--info`'s measured clock now reads it on those parts. **8** changes
+nothing on the wire either: it marks the builds whose deployment may be
+one-wire (*One-wire* above) — the hardware USART's half-duplex turn-around,
+or a software link folded onto a single pin. The host-side trace is
+`--one-wire`, the echo discard a shared line requires of any tool driving
+it. **9** is the third wire change and the largest: bit opcodes in place of
+the letters, one sealed header shape for every command, and a verdict on that
+seal before the command runs (*Session* above). It also drops the
+running-slot write guard, which the seal makes redundant and which was the
+only thing standing between a resident copy and its own slot. Identify is
+answered by both knock bytes so version discovery works before the version is
+known, which is what keeps a deployed pureboot 8 drivable and self-updatable
+to 9.
 
 Every closed generation is tagged in this repo at its era's last commit — the
 commit just before the next version bump, so a tag holds everything its
@@ -345,7 +495,7 @@ ATmega328P profiles (addresses for its 32 KiB):
 | BOOTSZ | BOOTRST | Behavior |
 |---|---|---|
 | 256 words (512 B) | programmed | *Standalone*: reset always enters the loader; **self-update impossible** (the staging slot lies outside the boot section, where SPM is disabled). |
-| 512 words (1 KB) | unprogrammed | *Self-update, app-first*: reset always boots the application, which owns all 31.5 KB and must offer its own jump to 0x7e00 to reach the loader (a virgin chip reaches it by reset across erased flash). Updates are power-fail-safe except mid-rewrite of the resident slot itself (no reset path leads to the staging copy then). |
+| 512 words (1 KB) | unprogrammed | *Self-update, app-first*: reset always boots the application, which owns all 31.5 KB and must offer its own jump to 0x7e00 to reach the loader (a virgin chip reaches it by reset across erased flash; *Entering from a running application* under Activation is how that jump is written). Updates are power-fail-safe except mid-rewrite of the resident slot itself (no reset path leads to the staging copy then). |
 | 512 words (1 KB) | programmed | *Self-update, loader-first*: reset lands at 0x7c00 — the staging slot, normally erased, so execution walks up into the loader; during an update it is the staging copy itself, so a mid-rewrite power loss recovers by reset. The loss windows move to the staging install/retire page writes instead (page-write scale). The host keeps `[0x7c00, 0x7e00)` clear of application data (`--force` overrides). |
 
 Applications are flashed unmodified here — word 0 stays the application's own
@@ -419,7 +569,7 @@ are interchangeable — as the silicon is.
    the host composes the slot's last word as a jump to the resident base, so
    even an abandoned staging copy times out into a loader. A loader already
    sitting whole in the staging slot is left as the staging copy instead —
-   rewriting it would only meet its own running-slot guard.
+   rewriting it in place would be a copy overwriting itself as it runs.
 3. `J` enters the staging copy, which rewrites the resident slot. Where a
    patched reset vector routes through the resident, the host first re-aims
    word 0 at the staging copy, so a power loss mid-rewrite still resets into a
@@ -454,10 +604,11 @@ to reset gets its reset pulse and opens the activation window by itself.
 
 Operations run in a fixed order within one session: info, fuses, loader
 update, flash (erase / program / read / verify), EEPROM (the same), then
-`--peek`/`--poke` — then the loader hands over to the application. `--stay` keeps the session alive
+`--poke` and `--peek` in that order, so one invocation writes and reads the
+write back — then the loader hands over to the application. `--stay` keeps the session alive
 instead, and a later invocation reconnects into it. `--flash` and `--eeprom`
 verify by read-back unless `--no-verify`, and a flash page that reads back
-wrong is rewritten up to three times before the run stops (see `W` above).
+wrong is rewritten up to three times before the run stops (see the fill above).
 `--verify-flash` only reports. Images are raw binary, or Intel HEX by
 extension. `--force` overrides the refusable safety checks — today, flashing
 application data into a mega's reset walk region.
@@ -469,6 +620,11 @@ the loader's bit-period unit, decoded and multiplied by the session rate —
 which is the number an `OSCCAL` bake or a fixed-baud build for the part is
 held against; `--clock <hz>` states the drift against a nominal.
 
+`--one-wire` marks the link as a shared line (*One-wire* above): the tool
+reads back and verifies its own echoed bytes, whatever the backend.
+It combines with everything, `--scan` included — undiscarded echoes would
+answer every rate a scan probes.
+
 `--scan` is the diagnosis once a fixed-baud loader has gone silent: it walks
 ±10 % around `--baud` in 2 % steps, nearest first, one probe per activation
 window — reset the target as each probe announces itself (a board with DTR
@@ -478,7 +634,7 @@ found rate as the session workaround, the offset, the OSCCAL correction's
 direction at ~1 % per step, and the autobaud way out. Standalone — no other
 operation combines with it.
 
-`--peek ADDR[:N]` and `--poke ADDR:HEX` reach the data space (pureboot 5) —
+`--poke ADDR:HEX` and `--peek ADDR[:N]` reach the data space (pureboot 5) —
 SRAM, and through the same address space the register file and every I/O
 register. Reading an I/O register can have side effects (reading UDR clears its
 flags), which is the caller's business to know.

pureboot/pureboot.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-// pureboot — a serial bootloader on libavr: one C++ source, no inline
+// pureboot - a serial bootloader on libavr: one C++ source, no inline
 // assembly, no global register variables, a 512-byte slot on every chip
 // libavr targets. The device speaks primitives; every composite (verify, erase,
 // reset-vector surgery, self-update) lives in the host tool. Protocol,
 // deployment and configuration: README.md next to this file.
 //
-// The image is position-independent — PC-relative control flow, wire
-// addresses in, the write guard and the info block both anchored on the
-// runtime return address — so the identical binary runs from any slot. That
-// is what makes a copy one slot below able to rewrite the resident one, and
-// every change here has to keep it (test/check_pi.py).
+// The image is position-independent - PC-relative control flow and wire
+// addresses in, no absolute address formed anywhere - so the identical binary
+// runs from any slot. That is what makes a copy one slot below able to rewrite
+// the resident one, and every change here has to keep it (test/check_pi.py).
+// It does not need to know *which* slot it is in: nothing here refuses an
+// address, so there is no running-slot comparison to anchor.
 
 #include <chrono>
 
@@ -24,15 +25,54 @@ namespace {
 // Purely polled: every interrupt guard folds to nothing.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
+// The EEPROM procedure's step 2 - wait until SPMEN clears - guards a flash
+// operation still in flight, and this loader never has one when it touches
+// the EEPROM: commit() waits every boot-sectioned page operation out before
+// the ack, and everywhere else the CPU halts through the operation itself.
+// The posture states the omission the datasheet grants for exactly that
+// (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
+constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
+
 constexpr std::uint8_t ack = '+';
 
+// The refusal, which is the ack inverted: on a link whose whole problem is
+// flipped bits, the byte saying "nothing happened" should be as far as a byte
+// can be from the one saying "it did", and the complement is all eight bits.
+// It is also the only spelling that needs no justifying - every other value
+// would be a choice.
+constexpr std::uint8_t nak = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(~ack);
+
+// What a command's fields must fold to. Any non-zero constant does: zero is
+// what a run of one repeated byte folds to, and a repeated byte is the shape of
+// both a line stuck at a level and a page of erased flash arriving where a
+// header belongs.
+constexpr std::uint8_t seal = 0x5a;
+
+// The opcode, as bits rather than letters. Each is a one-instruction skip,
+// where a set of arbitrary values costs a compare and a branch apiece - and
+// with the seal deciding what is a command at all, there is nothing left for a
+// readable spelling to buy. A transfer is the absence of the other three, and
+// its direction is the low bit.
+//
+// Identify is bit 5 for one reason: 'p' and 'b' both carry it, and those are
+// the knock. Two things follow that no other assignment gives. A host cannot
+// know which generation it is talking to until something has answered, so the
+// command reporting the version has to mean the same thing before the version
+// is known - 'b' still asks it. And a knock aimed at a loader that is
+// *already* in session has to stay harmless: with no opcode reserved as
+// invalid, every byte now starts a command, so a knock that meant nothing to
+// earlier generations would otherwise consume the five header bytes behind it
+// and put the stream out of step. Answering both knock bytes with the identity
+// keeps the reconnect exactly as cheap as it was.
+enum : std::uint8_t { op_write = 1, op_fill = 4, op_jump = 8, op_identify = 0x20 };
+
 // Deployment parameters come from the build (pureboot_add_loader()). The
 // signature is not one of them: the chip database is the only universal
-// source — a tiny13A cannot read its own signature row from code. An autobaud
+// source - a tiny13A cannot read its own signature row from code. An autobaud
 // build carries no clock and no baud at all; it measures both.
 #if !defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD) && (!defined(PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ) || !defined(PUREBOOT_BAUD))
 #error \
-    "PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ and PUREBOOT_BAUD select this build's clock and baud — create loader targets with pureboot_add_loader(), or PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD for a clock-free one (README.md)"
+    "PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ and PUREBOOT_BAUD select this build's clock and baud - create loader targets with pureboot_add_loader(), or PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD for a clock-free one (README.md)"
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD)
@@ -41,10 +81,10 @@ constexpr avr::baud_t wire_baud{PUREBOOT_BAUD};
 #endif
 
 // The loader owns the top 512 bytes; a staging copy goes in the slot below.
-// Chips without a hardware boot section — the tinies and the m48s, whose SPM
-// runs from anywhere (Atmel-8271 §26) — keep the application's relocated
-// reset vector in the word under the slot.
-constexpr std::uint16_t slot_bytes = 512;
+// Chips without a hardware boot section - the tinies and the m48s, whose SPM
+// runs from anywhere (Atmel-8271 section 26) - keep the application's relocated
+// reset vector in the word under the slot. The size itself is the linker's and
+// the host's business: nothing in here needs to know where the slot ends.
 constexpr std::uint16_t page = spm::page_bytes;
 constexpr bool boot_section = avr::hw::curated::has_boot_section();
 
@@ -69,26 +109,31 @@ constexpr avr::uint24_t autobaud_budget = PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD_POLLS;
 
 // A build may bake a measured oscillator trim (README.md: the RC-oscillator
 // deployment answer); the byte is applied at the top of run(). Orthogonal to
-// the serial backend — an autobaud build may carry it for the application's
+// the serial backend - an autobaud build may carry it for the application's
 // benefit alone.
 #if defined(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL)
 static_assert(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL >= 0 && PUREBOOT_OSCCAL <= 0xff, "PUREBOOT_OSCCAL is one OSCCAL byte");
 #endif
 
-// The loader's one identity number. The protocol carries none of its own —
+// The loader's one identity number. The protocol carries none of its own  -
 // a version implies it, and the host tool holds that map (README.md).
-constexpr std::uint8_t version = 7;
+constexpr std::uint8_t version = 9;
 
 // The image's identity stamp, for the host tool rather than for the wire: an
 // update image is a bare 512-byte slot, and without this nothing in it says
 // which chip it was built for. The tool refuses to install an image whose
-// stamp does not match the device — flashing a foreign loader bricks the
+// stamp does not match the device - flashing a foreign loader bricks the
 // target, and the loader itself cannot check what has already replaced it.
 //
-// Never read from flash by the loader — 'b' answers out of this array, but at
+// Never read from flash by the loader - 'b' answers out of this array, but at
 // constant indices, so those fold to immediates and no runtime address of it
-// is ever formed. `used` keeps the compiler from dropping the copy the host
-// needs and `retain` keeps --gc-sections from collecting it.
+// is ever formed. That folding is a correctness property, not a size one: the
+// bytes live in program memory and a formed address would be dereferenced as
+// *data* space, which is why this is the raw array rule 36 otherwise bans - a
+// `std::array` here stops the read loop unrolling and emits exactly that
+// `ld` (measured: +8 B and a wrong answer on the wire). `used` keeps the
+// compiler from dropping the copy the host needs and `retain` keeps
+// --gc-sections from collecting it.
 // clang-format off
 [[gnu::used, gnu::retain, gnu::section(".text.stamp")]]
 inline constexpr std::uint8_t identity_stamp[]{
@@ -105,15 +150,21 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t stamp_identity = 2;
 // The address spaces a transfer can name, in a selector byte's low nibble.
 // Flash is 0 so it is the cheapest to select.
 //
-// spm_ops is the one that is not memory: a write there hands its byte to
+// spm_ops is the one that is not memory: naming it hands the count field to
 // SPMCSR and fires the instruction at the transfer's address, which is how
 // page erase, page write and RWW re-enable reach the wire without the loader
 // carrying a command for each. The hardware's four-cycle store-to-SPM window
-// is why this is one fused primitive and not a poke of SPMCSR — no host can
+// is why this is one fused primitive and not a poke of SPMCSR - no host can
 // hit that window across a serial link.
+//
+// It is the one space with no direction: the opcode's write bit is not
+// consulted, because a sealed command naming this space says what it means and
+// there is nothing for the other direction to denote. Testing the bit anyway
+// would cost six bytes to catch a host contradicting itself, which is the same
+// trade the running-slot guard lost.
 enum : std::uint8_t { sp_flash = 0, sp_eeprom = 1, sp_data = 2, sp_fuse = 3, sp_spm = 4 };
 
-// A selector's high nibble is the flash bank — the address bits above the
+// A selector's high nibble is the flash bank - the address bits above the
 // 16-bit wire address, RAMPZ on the chips that have one. Keeping it here
 // rather than widening the wire address is what lets one 16-bit cursor serve
 // every space: a 24-bit cursor would pay its extra byte on EEPROM and data
@@ -128,22 +179,6 @@ enum : std::uint8_t { sp_flash = 0, sp_eeprom = 1, sp_data = 2, sp_fuse = 3, sp_
 	return static_cast<std::uint8_t>(selector >> 4);
 }
 
-// The slot a flash address falls in, as one byte. A slot is half as many words
-// as bytes, so the word address's high byte is exactly this index — which is
-// what lets the write guard compare a single byte, and what the running copy's
-// own return address yields for free.
-constexpr std::uint8_t slot_shift = std::countr_zero(slot_bytes);
-constexpr std::uint8_t bank_shift = 16 - slot_shift;
-
-[[gnu::always_inline]] inline std::uint8_t slot_of([[maybe_unused]] std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
-{
-	const auto within = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at >> slot_shift);
-	if constexpr (banked_flash)
-		return static_cast<std::uint8_t>((bank << bank_shift) | within);
-	else
-		return within;
-}
-
 // The serial link, per the build's PUREBOOT_USART / PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL /
 // PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD, defaulting to the chip's USART0 where it has one. The
 // software receiver is the polled one: the vector table belongs to the
@@ -157,6 +192,9 @@ constexpr std::uint8_t bank_shift = 16 - slot_shift;
 #if defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD) && defined(PUREBOOT_USART)
 #error "PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD measures a software link; it cannot drive a hardware USART"
 #endif
+#if defined(PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX) && (defined(PUREBOOT_SOFT_SERIAL) || defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD))
+#error "PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX is the hardware USART's one-wire mode; a software link goes one-wire by RX == TX"
+#endif
 #if !defined(PUREBOOT_RX)
 #define PUREBOOT_RX pb0
 #endif
@@ -169,22 +207,53 @@ constexpr int usart_unit = PUREBOOT_USART;
 constexpr int usart_unit = 0;
 #endif
 
+// One-wire on the hardware USART (PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX): RXD and TXD tied
+// together off-chip, exactly one direction enabled at a time - the library's
+// .half_duplex turn-around. The activation window is unchanged; only its
+// poll grows the release-line test readable() carries in this mode.
+constexpr bool hw_half_duplex =
+#if defined(PUREBOOT_HALF_DUPLEX)
+    true;
+#else
+    false;
+#endif
+
 template <avr::hertz_t C, avr::baud_t B>
 struct hardware_link {
-	using uart = avr::uart::usart<usart_unit, C, {.baud = B, .max_baud_error = 2.5_pct}>;
+	// The deployment envelope is the build's: pureboot_baud_feasible() holds
+	// every configured rate within 2.5 %, which the bench has proven across
+	// the fleet, and the datasheet's stricter per-frame tolerance table would
+	// refuse the stock 115200 at 16 MHz (+2.1 %) that every deployed board
+	// runs. .allow_baud_error states that this is meant.
+	using uart = avr::uart::usart<usart_unit, C,
+	                              {
+	                                  .baud = B,
+	                                  .allow_baud_error = true,
+	                                  .half_duplex = hw_half_duplex,
+	                              }>;
 
 	// The compiled idle poll around the window's narrow (uint24_t) countdown:
 	// the RXC test, then sbiw + sbci + brne (5). The test's cost follows the
-	// status register's home — a 2-cycle bit-skip where UCSRnA sits in
+	// status register's home - a 2-cycle bit-skip where UCSRnA sits in
 	// bit-addressable I/O (the classic megas), lds + skip (4) in extended
-	// I/O. A uint32_t countdown pays one more sbci — window_polls() adds it
-	// where the count forces the wide type. Held by the pureboot.window gate.
-	// The lookup rides the baud parameter so it stays dependent: the trait is
-	// an incomplete type on the USART-less chips, which parse this template
-	// without ever instantiating it.
+	// I/O. Half-duplex polls through readable()'s release-line test, which
+	// -Os outlines: the rcall (3), the UCSR#B read and not-taken skip with
+	// the jump over the write (I/O 3, extended 5), the ret (4) - and the
+	// call in the loop body pushes the countdown into call-saved registers,
+	// where the uint24_t step is ldi+sub+sbc+sbc (4) instead of sbiw+sbci
+	// (3). Measured off the built loops: 18 a poll in bit-addressable I/O,
+	// 22 in extended. A uint32_t countdown pays one more sbci  -
+	// window_polls() adds it where the count forces the wide type. Held per
+	// chip by the pureboot.window gates. The lookup rides the baud parameter
+	// so it stays dependent: the trait is an incomplete type on the
+	// USART-less chips, which parse this template without ever instantiating
+	// it.
 	template <avr::baud_t Baud, typename U = avr::hw::usart_of<usart_unit>>
 	static consteval std::uint8_t poll_cost()
 	{
+		if (hw_half_duplex) {
+			return U::ucsra::addr < 0x40 ? 18 : 22;
+		}
 		return U::ucsra::addr < 0x40 ? 7 : 9;
 	}
 	static constexpr std::uint8_t poll_cycles = poll_cost<B>();
@@ -196,7 +265,7 @@ struct hardware_link {
 
 	static bool pending()
 	{
-		return uart::rx_ready();
+		return uart::readable();
 	}
 
 	static std::uint8_t rx()
@@ -211,7 +280,7 @@ struct hardware_link {
 
 	static void drain()
 	{
-		// A drain here always follows this link's own write — the frame is
+		// A drain here always follows this link's own write - the frame is
 		// in flight by construction, so the completion the wait needs is
 		// guaranteed and the bounded default's countdown would be dead bytes.
 		uart::drain_unbounded();
@@ -220,12 +289,15 @@ struct hardware_link {
 
 template <avr::hertz_t C, avr::baud_t B>
 struct software_link {
+	// RX == TX is the one-wire deployment: the transmitter becomes a guest
+	// on the receiver's pull-up line, taking the pin's direction for exactly
+	// one frame per byte.
 	using rx_t = avr::uart::software_rx_polled<C, avr::PUREBOOT_RX, B>;
-	using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, B>;
+	using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, B, avr::PUREBOOT_RX == avr::PUREBOOT_TX>;
 
 	// The compiled idle poll around the window's narrow (uint24_t) countdown:
 	// sbis skipping the exit (2), sbiw + sbci + brne (5). A uint32_t
-	// countdown pays one more sbci — window_polls() adds it where the count
+	// countdown pays one more sbci - window_polls() adds it where the count
 	// forces the wide type. Held by the pureboot.window gate.
 	static constexpr std::uint8_t poll_cycles = 7;
 
@@ -257,12 +329,12 @@ struct software_link {
 
 // The clock-free link: the bit period is measured from the host's calibration
 // pulse instead of derived from a clock, so one image serves every F_CPU and
-// every rate. Activation differs in kind from the other two — there is no
-// clock to time a window against — so this backend brings its own, below.
+// every rate. Activation differs in kind from the other two - there is no
+// clock to time a window against - so this backend brings its own, below.
 struct autobaud_link {
 	// The unit in GPIOR2:GPIOR1 where the chip has them: the loader owns the
 	// whole chip while it runs, and the pair costs one word per access where
-	// the RAM word costs two — six words across the image.
+	// the RAM word costs two - six words across the image.
 	using uart = avr::uart::software_autobaud<avr::PUREBOOT_RX, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, avr::uart::unit_home::gpior>;
 
 	static void init()
@@ -282,7 +354,7 @@ struct autobaud_link {
 
 	static void drain()
 	{
-		// A drain here always follows this link's own write — the frame is
+		// A drain here always follows this link's own write - the frame is
 		// in flight by construction, so the completion the wait needs is
 		// guaranteed and the bounded default's countdown would be dead bytes.
 		uart::drain_unbounded();
@@ -302,7 +374,7 @@ using link = std::conditional_t<avr::uart::has_usart<usart_unit>(), hardware_lin
 #endif
 
 // The application's entry, pinned by the linker (--defsym): word 0 on a
-// boot-sectioned mega, the trampoline at base − 2 elsewhere. Reaching it must
+// boot-sectioned mega, the trampoline at base - 2 elsewhere. Reaching it must
 // not depend on where this copy runs, so the jump goes through a pointer, and
 // [[gnu::noipa]] keeps the constant from folding back into a relative call.
 extern "C" [[noreturn]] void pureboot_app();
@@ -320,36 +392,38 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void pureboot_app();
 
 // Activation: a bounded wait for the host, then the knock. Both forms boot the
 // application when the window closes on an idle line, and both bound *every*
-// wait — a knock awaited without a deadline would let one stray edge hold an
+// wait - a knock awaited without a deadline would let one stray edge hold an
 // unattended device in the loader forever.
 #if defined(PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD)
 // The window is a fixed poll budget: with no clock, whole seconds cannot be
-// timed. A uint24_t holds it — a fourth byte would cost two words at every
+// timed. A uint24_t holds it - a fourth byte would cost two words at every
 // countdown step for range never used.
 void await_host()
 {
 	for (;;) {
-		if (!link::uart::calibrate(autobaud_budget))
+		if (!link::uart::calibrate(autobaud_budget)) {
 			run_app();
+		}
 		// The calibration pulse has already proven a host is there, so one
 		// byte activates. A knock that never arrives falls back to calibrate(),
 		// whose own budget then boots the application.
-		if (link::uart::template read<off>(autobaud_budget) == 'p')
+		if (link::uart::template read<off>(autobaud_budget) == 'p') {
 			return;
 		}
+	}
 }
 #else
 // The window as one countdown, divided by the backend's counted poll-loop
 // cycles. Whole seconds is all it promises. The per-poll cost depends on the
 // countdown's own width (a uint32_t decrement chain is one sbci longer), and
-// the width depends on the poll count — solved narrow-first: a count that
+// the width depends on the poll count - solved narrow-first: a count that
 // fits 24 bits at the narrow cost keeps the narrow loop, anything else takes
 // the wide loop at its own cost. A count fitting 24 bits only at the wide
 // cost stays wide, so the choice cannot oscillate on the boundary.
 consteval std::uint32_t polls_at(std::uint32_t per_poll)
 {
 	// Whole-window cycles first, then the per-poll division: one truncation
-	// instead of one per second. Same instructions either way — only the
+	// instead of one per second. Same instructions either way - only the
 	// countdown's immediate moves.
 	return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(dev::cycles_for<std::chrono::seconds{timeout_seconds}>() / per_poll);
 }
@@ -373,8 +447,9 @@ bool pending_before_deadline()
 {
 	window_t polls = window_polls();
 	do {
-		if (link::pending())
+		if (link::pending()) {
 			return true;
+		}
 	} while (--polls);
 	return false;
 }
@@ -383,8 +458,9 @@ bool pending_before_deadline()
 // application runs.
 std::uint8_t rx_deadline()
 {
-	if (!pending_before_deadline())
+	if (!pending_before_deadline()) {
 		run_app();
+	}
 	return link::rx();
 }
 
@@ -404,7 +480,7 @@ void await_host()
 	return static_cast<std::uint16_t>(low | (link::rx() << 8));
 }
 
-// The wire's byte pair as the word it is — AVR is little-endian too, so the
+// The wire's byte pair as the word it is - AVR is little-endian too, so the
 // cast is the identity a shift-and-or spelling makes the compiler rediscover.
 // Callers read into named variables first: the wire order is a sequence of
 // reads, not an argument order.
@@ -423,10 +499,11 @@ void await_host()
 // A wire address and its selector's bank as the flash address they name.
 [[gnu::always_inline]] inline spm::flash_address_t flash_address([[maybe_unused]] std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
 {
-	if constexpr (banked_flash)
+	if constexpr (banked_flash) {
 		return (static_cast<spm::flash_address_t>(bank) << 16) | at;
-	else
+	} else {
 		return at;
+	}
 }
 
 // One byte out of any space. Every accessor shares the transfer's cursor, its
@@ -435,57 +512,67 @@ void await_host()
 [[gnu::always_inline]] inline std::uint8_t load(std::uint8_t space, [[maybe_unused]] std::uint8_t bank,
                                                 std::uint16_t at)
 {
-	if (space == sp_eeprom)
-		return ee::read(at);
-	if (space == sp_data)
+	if (space == sp_eeprom) {
+		return ee::read<no_spm>(at);
+	}
+	if (space == sp_data) {
 		return *reinterpret_cast<volatile std::uint8_t *>(at);
-	if (space == sp_fuse)
+	}
+	if (space == sp_fuse) {
 		return spm::read_fuse<off>(static_cast<spm::fuse>(at));
-	if constexpr (banked_flash)
+	}
+	if constexpr (banked_flash) {
 		return avr::flash_load_far<std::uint8_t>(flash_address(bank, at));
-	else
+	} else {
 		return avr::flash_load(reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t *>(at));
+	}
 }
 
-// One byte into a writable space. Flash is not one of them — it arrives a
-// page at a time through 'W' and is committed through sp_spm — and the fuses
-// are not writable at all: SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only.
-[[gnu::always_inline]] inline void store(std::uint8_t space, std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value,
-                                         std::uint8_t slot_high)
+// One byte into a writable space. Flash is not one of them - it arrives a
+// page at a time through 'W' and is committed by the sealed SPM command - and
+// the fuses are not writable at all: SPM reaches flash and boot lock bits only.
+[[gnu::always_inline]] inline void store(std::uint8_t space, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
 {
 	if (space == sp_data) {
 		*reinterpret_cast<volatile std::uint8_t *>(at) = value;
 		return;
 	}
-	if (space == sp_spm) {
-		// The running-slot write guard. An SPM command aimed at the slot this
-		// code executes from is dropped, so a broken host cannot brick the
-		// running loader — while a copy one slot lower may still rewrite the
-		// resident one, which is what a self-update is. Guarding the commit
-		// rather than the page fill covers erase and write both, and leaves a
-		// refused page's words in the buffer: harmless, since the next page
-		// write auto-erases it (§26.2.1).
-		if (slot_of(bank, at) != slot_high)
+	// Host-paced: the ack goes out once the write has begun, so the next byte
+	// arrives while it completes and nothing is missed without a buffer.
+	ee::write<off, no_spm>(at, value);
+}
+
+// The irreversible half of the protocol, and the whole of it: page erase, page
+// write and the lock bits are one SPM command each, and nothing else the loader
+// does outlasts being done again. Reached only from a sealed command (run()),
+// so both the byte handed to SPMCSR and the address it fires at are the ones
+// the host computed its seal over.
+//
+// Nothing here refuses an address. A loader that will not write its own slot
+// cannot plant anything in it either, and a resident copy able to rewrite its
+// own trailing page is what lets a 512-byte boot section - where no staging
+// copy can run SPM at all - carry an SPM primitive for an application-side
+// installer to drive. The protection that made the guard look necessary is the
+// seal: a wire fault can no longer name an address, only a host can, and a host
+// that names this one means it.
+[[gnu::always_inline]] inline void commit(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
+{
 	spm::command<off>(value, flash_address(bank, at));
 	// Only a boot-sectioned mega runs on while its RWW section programs;
 	// everywhere else the CPU halts through erase and write, so the wait
 	// is already over by the time it returns.
-		if constexpr (boot_section)
+	if constexpr (boot_section) {
 		spm::wait();
-		return;
 	}
-	// Host-paced: the ack goes out once the write has begun, so the next byte
-	// arrives while it completes and nothing is missed without a buffer.
-	ee::write<off>(at, value);
 }
 
 // One page into the SPM buffer, and only that: the erase and the write that
 // commit it are host-issued sp_spm stores, which reach the same fused
 // store-and-SPM pair through the transfer path's own address and data.
 //
-// Nothing discards the buffer first: it is write-once per word (§26.2.1), so
+// Nothing discards the buffer first: it is write-once per word (section 26.2.1), so
 // filling over a refused page or an application's leavings programs stale
-// words — but a page write auto-erases it (§26.2.1; §19.2 on the tinies), so
+// words - but a page write auto-erases it (section 26.2.1; section 19.2 on the tinies), so
 // that write clears the condition and the host's read-back rewrites the page.
 void fill_page(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
 {
@@ -493,10 +580,14 @@ void fill_page(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
 	// starts at the page base; the low byte of the cursor is the whole in-page
 	// offset, since a page is aligned and never crosses a bank.
 	std::uint16_t z = at & ~static_cast<std::uint16_t>(page - 1);
+	// The receipt is the erase-first contract's token and costs nothing here:
+	// the erase is the host's own sealed SPM command, before or after the fill
+	// as it chooses (the page write clears a stale buffer either way, above).
+	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(flash_address(bank, z));
 	do {
 		std::uint8_t low = link::rx();
 		std::uint8_t high = link::rx();
-		spm::fill<off>(flash_address(bank, z), word_of({low, high}));
+		spm::fill<off>(open, flash_address(bank, z), word_of({low, high}));
 		z += 2;
 	} while (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(z) & (page - 1));
 }
@@ -504,80 +595,121 @@ void fill_page(std::uint8_t bank, std::uint16_t at)
 [[noreturn]] void run()
 {
 #if defined(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL)
-	// The build's oscillator trim, ahead of everything — the WDRF bail
-	// included — so every path out of reset, the watchdog hand-over to the
+	// The build's oscillator trim, ahead of everything - the WDRF bail
+	// included - so every path out of reset, the watchdog hand-over to the
 	// application first among them, runs on the corrected clock.
 	avr::clock::calibrate(PUREBOOT_OSCCAL);
 #endif
 	// A watchdog reset belongs to the application, whose watchdog stays forced
-	// on until it clears WDRF — no activation window in its way.
-	if (avr::power::peek_reset_cause().watchdog)
+	// on until it clears WDRF - no activation window in its way.
+	if (avr::power::peek_reset_cause().watchdog) {
 		run_app();
+	}
 
 	link::init();
-
-	// The slot this copy runs in, which the write guard follows: the return
-	// address is a word address and a slot is half as many words as bytes, so
-	// its high byte is the slot index outright. No absolute address is ever
-	// formed, so the image stays position-independent.
-	const auto slot_high = avr::startup::caller_page();
-
 	await_host();
 
 	for (;;) {
 		// No prompt while an EEPROM write runs: it blocks SPM and fuse reads
-		// (§26.2.1), and the prompt is the previous command's completion ack.
-		ee::wait();
+		// (section 26.2.1), and the prompt is the previous command's completion ack.
+		ee::wait<no_spm>();
 		tx_ack();
 		const std::uint8_t command = link::rx();
-		switch (command) {
-		case 'b': // identity: the version, then the three signature bytes
-			// Straight out of the stamp, so the wire and the image can never
-			// disagree about what this loader is. The indices are constant and
-			// the array is constexpr, so these are immediates, not flash reads:
-			// nothing here needs the stamp's runtime address.
-			for (std::uint8_t at = stamp_identity; at != sizeof identity_stamp; ++at)
+		if (command & op_identify) {
+			// Identity: the version, then the three signature bytes. Straight
+			// out of the stamp, so the wire and the image can never disagree
+			// about what this loader is. The indices are constant and the array
+			// is constexpr, so these are immediates, not flash reads: nothing
+			// here needs the stamp's runtime address. Unsealed, because it
+			// takes no argument and changes nothing - and because a command
+			// that cannot be got wrong is what a lost host resynchronises on.
+			for (std::uint8_t at = stamp_identity; at != sizeof identity_stamp; ++at) {
 				link::tx(identity_stamp[at]);
-			break;
-		case 'J':   // jump:  sel8 (reserved), addr16 as a wire word address
-		case 'W':   // fill one flash page buffer: sel8, addr16, then page bytes
-		case 'G':   // read:  sel8, addr16, n8 (0 = 256)
-		case 'g': { // write: sel8, addr16, n8, then n bytes, each acked
+			}
+		} else {
 			// One decode, one cursor and one loop for every space, both
 			// directions and the jump: a command per memory would carry a copy
-			// of all three each. 'J' — the hand-over and staging transfer —
-			// carries a selector it ignores so its address rides the same two
-			// reads as everything else; 'W' joins the same decode rather than
-			// keeping an address form of its own, so flash addressing is
-			// uniform across every command that names it.
+			// of all three each. The jump - the hand-over and staging transfer
+			// - carries a selector it ignores so its address rides the same two
+			// reads as everything else; the page fill joins the same decode
+			// rather than keeping an address form of its own, so flash
+			// addressing is uniform across every command that names it. Both
+			// carry the count they do not use for the same reason: one header
+			// shape is one decode, and one seal covers a fixed set of bytes.
 			const std::uint8_t selector = link::rx();
 			const std::uint8_t space = space_of(selector);
 			const std::uint8_t bank = bank_of(selector);
 			std::uint16_t at = rx16();
-			if (command == 'J') {
+			std::uint8_t count = link::rx();
+			const std::uint8_t sealed = link::rx();
+
+			// The seal: every field that decides what this command does folded
+			// into one byte the host chose, tested before any of it happens.
+			//
+			// Checked here rather than acknowledged afterwards, which is the
+			// whole point. An ack reports a command that has already run, and
+			// for the one command that cannot be taken back a report is not a
+			// defence. Once the running-slot guard is gone the address is as
+			// fatal as the command byte - a wrong one reaches the loader's own
+			// page - so the seal covers the act and the place together, and a
+			// stream that lost or mangled either cannot produce it.
+			//
+			// Folded here, after the last read, and never accumulated across
+			// the reads: every field is still live at this point because the
+			// command needs it anyway, so the fold costs one xor each and no
+			// register. An accumulator would have to survive four calls, and
+			// paying for that in call-saved registers costs more than the whole
+			// check costs in arithmetic - measured at fourteen bytes, on a
+			// budget of ten.
+			std::uint8_t fold = command;
+			fold ^= selector;
+			fold ^= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at);
+			fold ^= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at >> 8);
+			fold ^= count;
+			fold ^= sealed;
+			// The verdict, and it is not a courtesy. Every command whose
+			// payload the host sends without waiting - a page fill, a write
+			// burst - would otherwise be handed to a loader that has already
+			// gone back to reading commands, so a *detected* error would
+			// become the desync the seal exists to prevent: a 128-byte page
+			// read as command headers is twenty-one more chances at the one in
+			// two hundred and fifty-six. Answering the seal before the payload
+			// is what keeps a refusal local to the command that earned it.
+			//
+			// An unknown opcode lands here too - every bit pattern is now some
+			// command, so it is the seal, not a table of valid letters, that
+			// rejects noise, and the host hears about it either way.
+			if (fold != seal) {
+				link::tx(nak);
+			} else {
 				tx_ack();
+				if (command & op_jump) {
 					link::drain();
 					jump(reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(at));
-			}
-			if (command == 'W') {
+				} else if (command & op_fill) {
 					fill_page(bank, at);
-				break;
-			}
-			std::uint8_t count = link::rx();
+				} else if (space == sp_spm) {
+					// An SPM command is the whole of what this loader can do
+					// that doing again will not undo, and it is one byte - so
+					// it rides the count field, inside the seal, rather than
+					// arriving as data after the seal has been checked. Which
+					// is also what makes a deliberate lock-bit write
+					// expressible, where refusing it outright did not.
+					commit(bank, at, count);
+				} else {
 					do {
-				// Read and write are one letter apart in case, so the direction
-				// is a single bit and the loop picks it with a one-word skip.
-				if (command & 0x20) {
-					store(space, bank, at, link::rx(), slot_high);
+						// Direction is one bit of the opcode, so the loop
+						// picks it with a one-word skip.
+						if (command & op_write) {
+							store(space, at, link::rx());
 							tx_ack();
-				} else
+						} else {
 							link::tx(load(space, bank, at));
+						}
 						++at;
 					} while (--count);
-			break;
 				}
-		default: // unknown bytes are ignored; the loop re-acks
-			break;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }

pureboot/pureboot.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""pureboot host tool — the smart half of the protocol (README.md).
+"""pureboot host tool - the smart half of the protocol (README.md).
 
 The device exposes primitives; everything composite is here: HEX/raw images,
 programming with repairing read-back verification, the reset-vector surgery
@@ -26,40 +26,72 @@ else:
     import termios
 
 PROMPT = b"+"
-VERSION = 8  # this tool's own version — free to drift from a loader's
+# The refusal, from pureboot 9: the prompt inverted, so no single flipped bit
+# turns "nothing happened" into "it did".
+NAK = bytes((~PROMPT[0] & 0xFF,))
+VERSION = 10  # this tool's own version - free to drift from a loader's
 # The loader versions this tool can drive. A pureboot version implies its wire
 # protocol, which carries no number of its own, so this window is where that
-# map lives: the tool keeps a decoder for every generation in it (1–4 speak
+# map lives: the tool keeps a decoder for every generation in it (1-4 speak
 # the per-memory commands, 5 the unified pair; 6 marks the OSCCAL-carrying
-# builds and changes nothing on the wire), and a version it has no decoder
-# for moves the floor.
+# builds and changes nothing on the wire; 8 the one-wire deployments, whose
+# only host-side trace is the --one-wire echo discard; 9 seals every command
+# and answers each seal before acting), and a version it has no decoder for
+# moves the floor.
 OLDEST_LOADER = 1
-NEWEST_LOADER = 7
+NEWEST_LOADER = 9
 SLOT = 512  # the loader slot, on every chip
 RETRIES = 3  # rewrites of a page that reads back wrong, before the run stops
 
 # pureboot 5 replaced the four per-memory commands with one pair: 'G' reads and
 # 'g' writes, each taking a selector byte, a 16-bit address and a count, over
 # the spaces below. The loader carries one transfer loop instead of four bodies
-# — which is what buys the data space and the host-issued SPM operations.
+# - which is what buys the data space and the host-issued SPM operations.
 # 6 marks the builds that may carry a baked OSCCAL trim, nothing on the wire;
-# 7 gives 'J' a selector byte (older loaders take the bare address — jump()
+# 7 gives 'J' a selector byte (older loaders take the bare address - jump()
 # sends each form to the version that speaks it) and re-homes the autobaud
-# unit into the GPIOR pair where the chip has one.
+# unit into the GPIOR pair where the chip has one; 8 marks the builds whose
+# deployment may be one-wire (hardware half-duplex, or a software link folded
+# onto one pin) - nothing on the wire either, but a shared line makes the
+# host read its own bytes back, which is what --one-wire consumes.
 UNIFIED_LOADER = 5
-SP_FLASH, SP_EEPROM, SP_RAM, SP_FUSE, SP_SPM = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
+SP_FLASH, SP_EEPROM, SP_DATA, SP_FUSE, SP_SPM = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
+
+# pureboot 9 replaces the command letters with bits and seals every command.
+# The header is one shape for all of them - opcode, selector, address, count,
+# seal - and the loader answers the seal *before* it acts: PROMPT accepts, NAK
+# refuses and nothing happened. That verdict is what lets a refusal stay local
+# to its own command: the payload of a fill or a write burst only goes out
+# after the header has been accepted, so a rejected header never leaves the
+# host pushing bytes into a loader that has gone back to reading commands.
+#
+# A transfer is the absence of the other three opcodes, and its direction is
+# the low bit. Identify is bit 5 because both knock bytes carry it: 'b' has to
+# still ask the version (the host cannot know which generation it is talking to
+# until something answers), and 'p' has to stay harmless against a loader
+# already in session - pureboot 9 reserves no invalid opcode, so a knock that
+# meant nothing before would otherwise eat the five bytes behind it.
+SEALED_LOADER = 9
+OP_WRITE, OP_FILL, OP_JUMP, OP_IDENTIFY = 1, 4, 8, 0x20
+# What a sealed header's fields must fold to. Non-zero, so a run of one
+# repeated byte - a stuck line, a page of erased flash read as a header -
+# cannot satisfy it.
+SEAL = 0x5A
+# An SPM command carries its SPMCSR byte in the count field, where the seal
+# covers it. There is no data phase: a byte after the header would arrive after
+# the seal had already been checked, which is the hole the seal exists to close.
 
 # An autobaud loader keeps its measured bit period readable, encoded as
-# delay-loop counts: (bit cycles − UNIT_DISCOUNT) / UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES,
-# floored — the spin granule and per-bit overhead of libavr's software UART.
+# delay-loop counts: (bit cycles - UNIT_DISCOUNT) / UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES,
+# floored - the spin granule and per-bit overhead of libavr's software UART.
 # v5/v6 keep it at ram_start; v7 moves it into GPIOR2:GPIOR1 on the chips
 # that have the pair (their data addresses are in the geometry) and keeps
 # ram_start only where they do not exist. --info undoes the encoding to
 # report the true clock, which therefore sits within one granule below it.
 UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES, UNIT_DISCOUNT = 4, 8
 
-# A selector's high nibble is the flash bank — the address bits above the 16-bit
-# wire address — so a transfer names a byte address within one 64 KiB bank and
+# A selector's high nibble is the flash bank - the address bits above the 16-bit
+# wire address - so a transfer names a byte address within one 64 KiB bank and
 # no command has to speak word addresses. No single transfer may cross a bank
 # boundary; the host chunks to keep that true.
 def selector(space, address):
@@ -72,7 +104,7 @@ def selector(space, address):
 SPM_ERASE, SPM_WRITE, SPM_RWWSRE = 0x03, 0x05, 0x11
 
 # Calibration byte for an autobaud loader: 0xC0 is a start bit plus six zero
-# data bits — one low pulse of seven bit-times, which the loader times into its
+# data bits - one low pulse of seven bit-times, which the loader times into its
 # per-bit unit. Sent at whatever baud the host chose; the loader locks to it.
 CALIBRATE = 0xC0
 
@@ -87,7 +119,7 @@ CHIP_GEOMETRY = {
     # ram_start is where SRAM begins in data space: the classic megas and the
     # tinies keep it right after the plain I/O registers (0x60), the x8/x4
     # generations past their extended I/O file (0x100). gpior1 is GPIOR1's
-    # data address — 0x32 on the t25/45/85, 0x4A from the x8 generation on,
+    # data address - 0x32 on the t25/45/85, 0x4A from the x8 generation on,
     # None where the chip has no pair (t13, classic megas). A v7 autobaud
     # loader's measured bit period lives in GPIOR2:GPIOR1 where they exist
     # and at exactly ram_start elsewhere (its only RAM object; the loader's
@@ -132,7 +164,7 @@ class Error(Exception):
 
 
 class Progress:
-    """A transient bar on stderr, drawn only for a tty and erased when done —
+    """A transient bar on stderr, drawn only for a tty and erased when done -
     logs and pipes see only the summary line each operation prints. No label
     or a zero total disables it, so callers can pass one unconditionally."""
 
@@ -171,7 +203,7 @@ class Progress:
 
 class PosixPort:
     """A raw serial port with deadline-based reads, over termios. A rate with
-    no B-constant — the off-nominal probes `--scan` walks — goes through
+    no B-constant - the off-nominal probes `--scan` walks - goes through
     Linux's termios2 BOTHER; a platform without that ioctl refuses the rate
     by name."""
 
@@ -220,7 +252,7 @@ class PosixPort:
             raise
 
     def set_baud(self, baud):
-        """Retune the port without closing it — the fd stays open, so no DTR
+        """Retune the port without closing it - the fd stays open, so no DTR
         pulse and no reset. That matters: the only caller is mid-session with a
         loader copy that a reset would throw away."""
         self._apply_baud(termios.tcgetattr(self.fd), baud)
@@ -253,7 +285,7 @@ class PosixPort:
 
 
 if os.name == "nt":
-    # The same port, over the Win32 serial API — kernel32 through ctypes, so
+    # The same port, over the Win32 serial API - kernel32 through ctypes, so
     # the tool stays standard-library only. Timeouts live in the driver
     # (COMMTIMEOUTS) rather than in a readiness call: Windows has no select()
     # for a COM handle, so each read asks the driver for its own deadline.
@@ -318,7 +350,7 @@ if os.name == "nt":
 
         def __init__(self, path, baud):
             # Win32 takes the rate as a plain integer, so unlike termios any
-            # rate the hardware can divide down to is available — but a driver
+            # rate the hardware can divide down to is available - but a driver
             # may also accept one it cannot produce (an FT232R takes a baud of
             # 3, reports it back, and goes on using the previous divisor).
             # Only obvious nonsense is refusable; the rest is the driver's word.
@@ -343,14 +375,14 @@ if os.name == "nt":
                 # fBinary, and DTR/RTS asserted (fDtrControl and fRtsControl,
                 # two bits each, = _ENABLE); every other flag clear, so no
                 # parity and no flow control. Raising both matches what opening
-                # a POSIX tty does — including the reset pulse on the boards
+                # a POSIX tty does - including the reset pulse on the boards
                 # that wire DTR to it.
                 dcb.fBits = 0x1 | (1 << 4) | (1 << 12)
                 if not _k32.SetCommState(self.handle, ctypes.byref(dcb)):
                     _fail(f"cannot configure {path} for {baud} baud 8N1")
                 # Arm them once here too: reads re-arm per call, but the write
-                # timeout would otherwise stay at the driver's default — which
-                # may be "wait forever" — until the first read.
+                # timeout would otherwise stay at the driver's default - which
+                # may be "wait forever" - until the first read.
                 self._deadline(_GAP_MS, 1000)
                 self.baud = baud
             except Error:
@@ -361,7 +393,7 @@ if os.name == "nt":
                 raise
 
         def set_baud(self, baud):
-            """Retune the port on its live handle — SetCommState only, so the
+            """Retune the port on its live handle - SetCommState only, so the
             handle is never reopened and DTR never drops. That matters: the only
             caller is mid-session with a loader copy a reset would throw away."""
             if baud < 50:
@@ -412,7 +444,7 @@ if os.name == "nt":
         def read_available(self, wait):
             """Everything that arrives within `wait` seconds of quiet start."""
             # A zero total means *no* timeout to the driver, so never round
-            # down to it — the same trap on the deadline below.
+            # down to it - the same trap on the deadline below.
             self._deadline(_GAP_MS, max(1, round(wait * 1000)))
             return self._read(4096)
 
@@ -433,6 +465,99 @@ if os.name == "nt":
 Port = WindowsPort if os.name == "nt" else PosixPort
 
 
+class OneWirePort:
+    """The host side of a shared line (--one-wire): an FTDI-style adapter on
+    a one-wire link reads back every byte it transmits - its RX is tied to
+    its own TX through the line. Consume that echo at each write and verify
+    it, which doubles as a wiring check: an echo that never comes is an RX
+    not on the line, and is reported as itself instead of decoding as a
+    device reply.
+
+    The device's reply may interleave with the echo of a multi-byte write -
+    a loader already in session re-prompts after the knock's first byte
+    while the second is still queued behind that reply - so the echo is
+    matched byte for byte and anything else arriving in between is device
+    traffic, held for the next read."""
+
+    def __init__(self, port):
+        self._port = port
+        self._pending = b""
+        self.lost_echoes = 0
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self._port, name)
+
+    def write(self, data, blind=False):
+        """Put `data` on the line and consume its echo.
+
+        `blind` marks the protocol's one multi-byte write with no ack between
+        its bytes - the knock. Aimed at a loader already in session, its first
+        byte draws a prompt while the second is still going out, and on real
+        wiring the device's push-pull ack **wins the line** against the host's
+        1 k series resistor: that second byte is *destroyed, not delayed*, and
+        its echo never comes. Measured on an ATtiny13A at 57600 - the loader
+        answers a single byte perfectly and loses the knock's second every
+        time. So on a blind write a missing echo is a property of the wiring
+        rather than a fault in it, and the caller's retry is what deals with
+        it. Every other write is ack-paced and cannot collide, so a missing
+        echo there really is an RX that is not on the line.
+        """
+        data = bytes(data)
+        self._port.write(data)
+        # The echo arrives at line rate - 10 bits a byte - plus adapter
+        # latency; a generous floor keeps slow rates and USB scheduling out
+        # of the error path.
+        deadline = time.monotonic() + 10 * len(data) / self._port.baud + 0.5
+        remaining = data
+        while remaining and time.monotonic() < deadline:
+            # Speculative, so it cannot be read_exact, whose contract is to
+            # raise: doing that made the diagnosis below unreachable on every
+            # quiet line and surfaced a bare "timeout: got 0 of 1 bytes" in
+            # its place - the one message this class exists to replace.
+            for byte in self._port.read_available(0.02):
+                if remaining and byte == remaining[0]:
+                    remaining = remaining[1:]
+                else:
+                    self._pending += bytes((byte,))
+        if not remaining:
+            return
+        if not blind:
+            raise Error(f"one-wire echo missing after {len(data) - len(remaining)} of "
+                        f"{len(data)} byte(s) - is the adapter's RX tied to the line?")
+        self.lost_echoes += len(remaining)
+        # Which loss this is matters, and the count says it. *Some* bytes lost is
+        # the device's ack winning the line against the host's series resistor -
+        # ordinary, and what the retry absorbs. *Every* byte lost is nothing
+        # coming back at all, which is a line that is not free: an application
+        # holding the shared pin low (this rig's LED demo ends that way), a
+        # wedge, or an RX that is not on the line. Same retry either way, but
+        # blaming an ack that never happened sends the reader to the wrong place.
+        if len(remaining) == len(data):
+            verbose(f"one-wire: none of {len(data)} byte(s) echoed - the line is not "
+                    f"coming back. Held low by something? (a pin driven low, a wedge, "
+                    f"or an RX not on the line)")
+        else:
+            verbose(f"one-wire: {len(remaining)} of {len(data)} knock byte(s) lost to the "
+                    f"device's ack; retrying")
+
+    def write_blind(self, data):
+        self.write(data, blind=True)
+
+    def read_exact(self, count, timeout):
+        taken, self._pending = self._pending[:count], self._pending[count:]
+        if len(taken) == count:
+            return taken
+        return taken + self._port.read_exact(count - len(taken), timeout)
+
+    def read_available(self, wait):
+        taken, self._pending = self._pending, b""
+        return taken + self._port.read_available(0 if taken else wait)
+
+    def flush_input(self):
+        self._pending = b""
+        self._port.flush_input()
+
+
 # -------------------------------------------------------------- protocol ---
 
 
@@ -442,7 +567,7 @@ class Info:
     @classmethod
     def from_identity(cls, raw):
         """pureboot 5's reply: the version and the chip signature. The rest of
-        the geometry is looked up from the signature — the loader derived the
+        the geometry is looked up from the signature - the loader derived the
         same facts from its chip database at build time, so nothing is guessed,
         it is simply not sent. Reconstructs a block in the older layout, so
         every derived attribute below is shared with the loaders that do send
@@ -451,15 +576,15 @@ class Info:
         The base is where application flash ends, which is a property of the
         chip and not of the copy answering: a loader staged one slot lower
         reports the same geometry the resident one does, exactly as the loaders
-        that send a block do. Which slot a copy runs in matters only to its own
-        write guard, which is the loader's business."""
+        that send a block do. Which slot a copy runs in is not something the
+        identity reports, and from pureboot 9 nothing on the device cares."""
         if len(raw) != 4:
             raise Error(f"bad identity reply: {raw.hex()}")
         version, signature = raw[0], tuple(raw[1:4])
         geometry = CHIP_GEOMETRY.get(signature)
         if geometry is None:
             sig = " ".join(f"{b:02x}" for b in signature)
-            raise Error(f"unknown signature {sig} — this tool has no geometry for it")
+            raise Error(f"unknown signature {sig} - this tool has no geometry for it")
         flash, page, eeprom, patch, _, _ = geometry
         base = flash - SLOT
         word_flash = flash > 0x10000
@@ -476,7 +601,7 @@ class Info:
         if not OLDEST_LOADER <= self.version <= NEWEST_LOADER:
             raise Error(
                 f"pureboot {self.version}: this tool (version {VERSION}) speaks pureboot "
-                f"{OLDEST_LOADER}..{NEWEST_LOADER} — a newer loader needs a newer tool"
+                f"{OLDEST_LOADER}..{NEWEST_LOADER} - a newer loader needs a newer tool"
             )
         self.raw = bytes(raw)
         self.signature = raw[3:6]
@@ -496,8 +621,8 @@ class Info:
         # The hand-over target as 'J' takes it: the trampoline below the
         # loader, or word 0 where BOOTRST re-vectors reset in hardware.
         self.app_entry_word = (self.base - 2) // 2 if self.patch_vector else 0
-        # Where SRAM begins, from the signature — None only for a chip this
-        # tool has no geometry row for, which the wire-block path (v1–4)
+        # Where SRAM begins, from the signature - None only for a chip this
+        # tool has no geometry row for, which the wire-block path (v1-4)
         # permits where from_identity refuses.
         geometry = CHIP_GEOMETRY.get(tuple(self.signature))
         self.ram = geometry[4] if geometry else None
@@ -517,7 +642,7 @@ class Info:
         )
 
     def lines(self):
-        """One fact per line — what --info prints."""
+        """One fact per line - what --info prints."""
         if self.patch_vector:
             hand_over = f"host-patched reset vector, trampoline at {self.base - 2:#06x}"
         else:
@@ -537,7 +662,7 @@ class Info:
 
 class Loader:
     """A session. Between commands the loader has prompted and awaits a
-    command byte; every method restores that, except jump() — after which the
+    command byte; every method restores that, except jump() - after which the
     target must be knocked afresh."""
 
     def __init__(self, port):
@@ -548,7 +673,7 @@ class Loader:
         self.autobaud = False
         # The pre-knock drain runs once per port: the bytes it exists for are
         # leftovers from before this process opened the port. Re-knocks later
-        # in the same session must not pay it — a fresh activation window is
+        # in the same session must not pay it - a fresh activation window is
         # already burning while they wait.
         self._line_drained = False
         # The link this session is speaking. It moves when the host follows a
@@ -564,7 +689,7 @@ class Loader:
 
         The timeout is short on purpose: a real answer follows the prompt
         within a frame time or two, so half a second is dozens of times the
-        worst case — while a *false* prompt match (a stale byte, reset
+        worst case - while a *false* prompt match (a stale byte, reset
         garbage) makes this read collect noise, and every second spent on it
         comes out of the activation window the retry needs."""
         head = self.port.read_exact(4, 0.5)
@@ -572,9 +697,21 @@ class Loader:
             return Info(head + self.port.read_exact(8, 0.5))
         return Info.from_identity(head)
 
+    def identity(self):
+        """Ask a live session who it is.
+
+        The identity command takes no argument and changes nothing, which makes
+        it the one question whose answer is known in advance - so it doubles as
+        the host's check that the stream is still in step, and as the byte a
+        lost host resynchronises on."""
+        self.port.write(b"b")
+        answer = self._read_identity()
+        self._expect_prompt()
+        return answer
+
     def _handshake(self, wait, knock, what):
         """One activation, retried until the loader answers or the window
-        closes. The identity reply is what proves the loader is listening — a
+        closes. The identity reply is what proves the loader is listening - a
         prompt byte alone does not, since one left over from a previous session
         can still be in the pipeline while the port opening resets the device
         into a fresh window, where a command without its knock is discarded.
@@ -585,7 +722,7 @@ class Loader:
         Before the port's first knock ever, the line is drained until quiet: a
         prompt from a previous session (`--stay`) can still be in the USB
         pipeline when the port opens, where a flush cannot clear what has not
-        arrived yet — and on a board that resets when its port opens, trusting
+        arrived yet - and on a board that resets when its port opens, trusting
         that stale byte would spend the fresh activation window reading noise
         from a device that never heard the knock. Once only, and bounded:
         later re-knocks in this session face no foreign leftovers, and their
@@ -599,15 +736,22 @@ class Loader:
                     break
         knocks = 0
         refusal = None
+        # The knock is the only write in the protocol with no ack between its
+        # bytes, so on a shared line it is the only one whose echo may
+        # legitimately not come back - the device's ack collides with it and
+        # wins (OneWirePort.write). Losing a byte here is what the retry below
+        # is for; raising instead aborted the loop before it ever ran, which on
+        # real wiring made every reconnect into a live session fail.
+        knock_out = getattr(self.port, "write_blind", self.port.write)
         while True:
             self.port.flush_input()
-            self.port.write(knock)
+            knock_out(knock)
             knocks += 1
             if PROMPT in self.port.read_available(0.4):
                 # Settle: absorb a real loader's trailing bytes before asking
                 # for the identity. Bounded by the deadline so a target that
-                # never falls quiet — a board stuck in a reset loop, whose
-                # garbage carries a stray prompt — cannot spin here forever.
+                # never falls quiet - a board stuck in a reset loop, whose
+                # garbage carries a stray prompt - cannot spin here forever.
                 while self.port.read_available(0.3):
                     if time.monotonic() > deadline:
                         break
@@ -631,8 +775,8 @@ class Loader:
                     return self.info
             if time.monotonic() > deadline:
                 if refusal is not None:
-                    raise Error(f"no usable answer — the last identity reply failed: {refusal}")
-                raise Error("no answer — reset the device within its activation window")
+                    raise Error(f"no usable answer - the last identity reply failed: {refusal}")
+                raise Error("no answer - reset the device within its activation window")
 
     def connect(self, wait):
         """Knock 'p' then 'b' and read the identity."""
@@ -640,8 +784,8 @@ class Loader:
 
     def connect_autobaud(self, wait):
         """The autobaud handshake. In place of the p+b knock the host sends the
-        calibration pulse — one seven-bit-time low pulse at the host's chosen
-        baud, which the loader times into its per-bit unit — then a single 'p'
+        calibration pulse - one seven-bit-time low pulse at the host's chosen
+        baud, which the loader times into its per-bit unit - then a single 'p'
         the loader decodes at the rate it just measured. A lost pulse, or a
         knock landing while the loader is mid-frame, simply fails to answer and
         leaves the measurement loop waiting for the next pulse, so the retry in
@@ -654,6 +798,32 @@ class Loader:
         if byte != PROMPT:
             raise Error(f"expected prompt, got {byte.hex()}")
 
+    @property
+    def sealed(self):
+        """pureboot 9 and later: bit opcodes, a sealed header, and a verdict
+        on that seal before the command runs."""
+        return self.info is not None and self.info.version >= SEALED_LOADER
+
+    def _header(self, op, space, address, count, timeout=2.0):
+        """Send a sealed header and take the loader's verdict on it.
+
+        Returning normally means the loader has accepted the command and not
+        yet done it - which is the whole point of the verdict, and why the
+        payload of a fill or a write burst is sent only after this returns."""
+        head = bytes((op, selector(space, address), address & 0xFF, (address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
+        seal = SEAL
+        for byte in head:
+            seal ^= byte
+        self.port.write(head + bytes((seal,)))
+        answer = self.port.read_exact(1, timeout)
+        if answer == NAK:
+            raise Error(
+                f"the loader refused the command (opcode {op:#04x}, {address:#06x}): the "
+                f"seal did not match, so nothing was done - the link mangled the header"
+            )
+        if answer != PROMPT:
+            raise Error(f"expected a verdict on the seal, got {answer.hex()}")
+
     def _command(self, tx, reply_len=0, timeout=2.0):
         self.port.write(tx)
         reply = self.port.read_exact(reply_len, timeout) if reply_len else b""
@@ -681,6 +851,11 @@ class Loader:
         data = b""
         while count:
             chunk = min(count, 256, 0x10000 - (address & 0xFFFF))
+            if self.sealed:
+                self._header(0, space, address, chunk, 5.0)
+                data += self.port.read_exact(chunk, 5.0)
+                self._expect_prompt(5.0)
+            else:
                 head = bytes((ord("G"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
                               (address >> 8) & 0xFF, chunk & 0xFF))
                 data += self._command(head, chunk, 5.0)
@@ -689,15 +864,17 @@ class Loader:
         return data
 
     def _write_space(self, space, address, data, progress=None):
-        """A run into any space. Each byte is acked as its write begins — an
+        """A run into any space. Each byte is acked as its write begins - an
         EEPROM cell and an SPM operation both need that pacing, and the ack is
         what the loader sends in place of a completion status."""
         offset = 0
         while offset < len(data):
             chunk = data[offset : offset + min(256, 0x10000 - (address & 0xFFFF))]
-            head = bytes((ord("g"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
-                          (address >> 8) & 0xFF, len(chunk) & 0xFF))
-            self.port.write(head)
+            if self.sealed:
+                self._header(OP_WRITE, space, address, len(chunk))
+            else:
+                self.port.write(bytes((ord("g"), selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
+                                       (address >> 8) & 0xFF, len(chunk) & 0xFF)))
             for byte in chunk:
                 self.port.write(bytes((byte,)))
                 self._expect_prompt()
@@ -708,17 +885,26 @@ class Loader:
             offset += len(chunk)
 
     def spm(self, operation, address):
-        """One SPM operation at a flash address — the erase, write and RWW
-        re-enable that pureboot 4 ran inside 'W' and pureboot 5 leaves here."""
+        """One SPM operation at a flash address - the erase, write and RWW
+        re-enable that pureboot 4 ran inside 'W' and pureboot 5 leaves here.
+
+        From pureboot 9 the operation rides the header's count field instead of
+        arriving as data behind it, which is what puts it inside the seal: the
+        loader will not hand a byte to SPMCSR that the host did not seal, and
+        the verdict says whether it did."""
+        if self.sealed:
+            self._header(OP_WRITE, SP_SPM, address, operation, 5.0)
+            self._expect_prompt(5.0)
+            return
         self._write_space(SP_SPM, address, bytes((operation,)))
 
-    def read_ram(self, address, count):
+    def read_data(self, address, count):
         """Data space: SRAM, and with it the register file and every I/O
         register, which share the address space on AVR. New in pureboot 5."""
-        return self._read_space(SP_RAM, address, count)
+        return self._read_space(SP_DATA, address, count)
 
-    def write_ram(self, address, data):
-        self._write_space(SP_RAM, address, data)
+    def write_data(self, address, data):
+        self._write_space(SP_DATA, address, data)
 
     def read_flash(self, address, count):
         if self.unified:
@@ -747,10 +933,20 @@ class Loader:
     def write_page(self, address, data):
         assert len(data) == self.info.page and address % self.info.page == 0
         if self.unified:
-            # 'W' fills the page buffer and stops there; the erase and the write
-            # are host-issued SPM operations. Only a chip with a boot section
-            # has RWW to re-enable — on the others bit 4 of SPMCSR means
-            # something else entirely, so it must not be sent.
+            # The fill loads the page buffer and stops there; the erase and the
+            # write are host-issued SPM operations. Only a chip with a boot
+            # section has RWW to re-enable - on the others bit 4 of SPMCSR
+            # means something else entirely, so it must not be sent.
+            if self.sealed:
+                # The page goes out only once the header is accepted. It is the
+                # protocol's one unacked burst, so a header refused after the
+                # host had already started sending it would leave the page
+                # being read as commands - which is exactly what the verdict
+                # is placed here to prevent.
+                self._header(OP_FILL, SP_FLASH, address, len(data) & 0xFF)
+                self.port.write(data)
+                self._expect_prompt(2.0)
+            else:
                 head = bytes((ord("W"), selector(SP_FLASH, address), address & 0xFF, (address >> 8) & 0xFF))
                 self._command(head + data, 0, 2.0)
             self.spm(SPM_ERASE, address)
@@ -787,8 +983,13 @@ class Loader:
 
     def jump(self, word_address):
         """The device acks, then execution continues at the word address.
-        From v7 'J' rides the unified decode, so it carries a selector byte
-        the loader ignores; older loaders take the bare address."""
+        From v7 the jump rides the unified decode, so it carries a selector
+        byte the loader ignores; older loaders take the bare address. From v9
+        the ack is the verdict on its seal - a jump to a mangled address is a
+        jump into arbitrary code, so it is sealed like everything else."""
+        if self.sealed:
+            self._header(OP_JUMP, 0, word_address, 0)
+            return
         if self.info.version >= 7:
             self.port.write(bytes((ord("J"), 0, word_address & 0xFF, word_address >> 8)))
         else:
@@ -796,7 +997,7 @@ class Loader:
         self._expect_prompt()
 
     def enter_copy(self, byte_address, wait, link=None):
-        """Jump into the loader copy at `byte_address` and knock it — a slot
+        """Jump into the loader copy at `byte_address` and knock it - a slot
         base is that copy's entry stub, so it can only land there.
 
         `link` is that copy's own `(baud, autobaud)`, for when it is not this
@@ -804,7 +1005,7 @@ class Loader:
         backend it was built for; the host has to be told which, because 512
         bytes of position-independent code carry no header to read it from.
         Retuning goes through the open port, so no DTR pulse resets the copy that
-        is now running — and the session keeps the new link afterwards, since
+        is now running - and the session keeps the new link afterwards, since
         every later jump lands in the same image.
         """
         baud, autobaud = link if link is not None else (self.baud, self.autobaud)
@@ -827,7 +1028,7 @@ class Loader:
             raise Error(
                 f"the copy at {byte_address:#06x} did not answer on this session's "
                 f"link ({baud} Bd, {'autobaud' if autobaud else 'fixed baud'}). An "
-                f"image built for another baud or backend speaks that one instead — "
+                f"image built for another baud or backend speaks that one instead - "
                 f"say which with --staged-baud / --staged-autobaud"
             ) from unheard
 
@@ -876,11 +1077,30 @@ def load_image(path):
 # --------------------------------------------------------------- surgery ---
 
 
+# rjmp's displacement is 12 bits, so a part whose flash is wider than 4096
+# words cannot be walked this way: an offset the hardware wraps modulo the
+# flash size and one it wraps modulo 4096 are then different addresses, and
+# nothing in the opcode says which was meant. Every chip that needs the
+# reset-vector surgery is at or under that today - the ATtiny85 sits exactly on
+# it - and this is what fails loudly if one is ever added that is not.
+RJMP_REACH_WORDS = 1 << 12
+
+
+def rjmp_wraps_cleanly(flash_words):
+    return flash_words <= RJMP_REACH_WORDS
+
+
 def rjmp_target(word_address, opcode, flash_words):
+    if not rjmp_wraps_cleanly(flash_words):
+        raise Error(f"{flash_words} words of flash is past rjmp's {RJMP_REACH_WORDS}-word reach - "
+                    f"a relocated reset vector cannot be read back from the opcode alone")
     return (word_address + 1 + (opcode & 0x0FFF)) % flash_words
 
 
 def rjmp_to(word_address, destination, flash_words):
+    if not rjmp_wraps_cleanly(flash_words):
+        raise Error(f"{flash_words} words of flash is past rjmp's {RJMP_REACH_WORDS}-word reach - "
+                    f"a relocated reset vector cannot be spelled as one rjmp")
     return 0xC000 | ((destination - word_address - 1) % flash_words % 0x1000)
 
 
@@ -898,13 +1118,13 @@ def plan_flash(image, info):
         word0 = final[0] | (final[1] << 8)
         if word0 & 0xF000 != 0xC000:
             raise Error(
-                "the image's reset vector is not an rjmp — pureboot's vector "
+                "the image's reset vector is not an rjmp - pureboot's vector "
                 "surgery cannot re-home it (crt-less entry at address 0?)"
             )
         entry = rjmp_target(0, word0, flash_words)
         if entry >= info.base // 2:
             raise Error(
-                "the image's reset vector already targets the loader — this "
+                "the image's reset vector already targets the loader - this "
                 "is a read-back of a patched image; flash the original"
             )
         trampoline_word = (info.base - 2) // 2
@@ -928,7 +1148,7 @@ def covered(pages, info, skip_blank):
 
     A patched vector puts page 0 first and the trampoline page second, so from
     the first write on a reset lands in the loader and its fall-through on the
-    application entry — every interruption point recoverable. A hardware boot
+    application entry - every interruption point recoverable. A hardware boot
     section re-vectors reset regardless; page 0 goes last there, which
     maximizes what an interrupted image retains."""
     trampoline_page = info.base - info.page if info.patch_vector else None
@@ -949,7 +1169,7 @@ def covered(pages, info, skip_blank):
 # which byte of the 'F' reply (low, lock, extended, high) carries BOOTSZ/
 # BOOTRST, and the BOOTSZ->words ladder. A die revision shares its base
 # signature, so one row covers it. The m48s have no boot section and no
-# row — their info block says patch-vector and this table is never
+# row - their info block says patch-vector and this table is never
 # consulted. Sources: Atmel-2486/2466/2503 (HIGH fuse), Atmel-2545/8271/
 # DS40002065 (x8: EXTENDED, except the m328s' HIGH), Atmel-8272/8011/2593/
 # 42719 (x4: HIGH).
@@ -985,7 +1205,7 @@ def mega_boot(info, fuse_bytes):
     to its start. Returns (bootrst_programmed, boot_section_start_byte)."""
     entry = BOOT_FUSE.get(bytes(info.signature[1:3]))
     if entry is None:
-        raise Error(f"unknown mega signature {info.signature.hex()} — no boot fuse map")
+        raise Error(f"unknown mega signature {info.signature.hex()} - no boot fuse map")
     which, ladder = entry
     fuse = fuse_bytes[which]
     words = ladder[(fuse >> 1) & 0x03]
@@ -999,7 +1219,7 @@ def image_info(image):
     """What a pureboot binary says about itself, or None.
 
     An update image is a bare slot: nothing about it names the chip it was
-    built for, and installing a foreign one bricks the target — so every
+    built for, and installing a foreign one bricks the target - so every
     loader carries a stamp for this. Through pureboot 4 the stamp is the
     12-byte info block the device also serves; pureboot 5 serves its identity
     from immediates and carries a 6-byte stamp (magic, version, signature)
@@ -1033,8 +1253,8 @@ def loader_image(path):
 
 
 def staging_content(image, info):
-    """The staging slot's content: the image, padding, and — where the
-    hand-over jumps through the word below the resident — that word, which for
+    """The staging slot's content: the image, padding, and - where the
+    hand-over jumps through the word below the resident - that word, which for
     a staging copy is its own last one. Composed as an rjmp to the resident,
     so an abandoned staging copy still falls through into a loader."""
     budget = SLOT - 2 if info.patch_vector else SLOT
@@ -1052,7 +1272,7 @@ def update_preflight(image, info, fuse_bytes):
     embedded = image_info(image)
     if embedded is None:
         raise Error(
-            "no pureboot info block in the update image — not a pureboot binary, "
+            "no pureboot info block in the update image - not a pureboot binary, "
             f"or a version this tool ({VERSION}) does not know"
         )
     if embedded.raw[3:] != info.raw[3:]:
@@ -1063,13 +1283,13 @@ def update_preflight(image, info, fuse_bytes):
     warnings = []
     if not info.patch_vector:
         if fuse_bytes is None:
-            raise Error("a loader update on this chip needs its fuses — unreadable? pass --assume-fuses")
+            raise Error("a loader update on this chip needs its fuses - unreadable? pass --assume-fuses")
         bootrst, bls_start = mega_boot(info, fuse_bytes)
         if info.stage < bls_start:
             raise Error(
                 f"cannot self-update: the staging slot {info.stage:#06x} lies below the "
                 f"boot section ({bls_start:#06x}) where SPM is disabled "
-                f"— a boot section of at least two slots ({2 * SLOT} B, BOOTSZ) is "
+                f" - a boot section of at least two slots ({2 * SLOT} B, BOOTSZ) is "
                 f"required, and only an external programmer can change fuses"
             )
         if not bootrst:
@@ -1093,7 +1313,7 @@ def update_preflight(image, info, fuse_bytes):
 class UpdateState:
     """The host-side memory of an update in flight: what the staging slot
     held (and page 0, where the update repoints it). Losing this file after
-    the staging slot was overwritten loses those saved bytes — the update
+    the staging slot was overwritten loses those saved bytes - the update
     still completes, but the staging region can then only be restored by
     reflashing the application."""
 
@@ -1106,7 +1326,7 @@ class UpdateState:
         if os.path.exists(self.path):
             self.data = json.load(open(self.path))
             if bytes.fromhex(self.data["signature"]) != info.signature or self.data["base"] != info.base:
-                raise Error(f"{self.path} belongs to a different device — remove it to start over")
+                raise Error(f"{self.path} belongs to a different device - remove it to start over")
             return
         self.data = {
             "signature": info.signature.hex(),
@@ -1167,7 +1387,7 @@ def write_differing(loader, base, content, order=None, label=None):
 
 
 def patch_word0(loader, page0, target_base):
-    """Re-aim word 0 at `target_base` — the resume insurance around
+    """Re-aim word 0 at `target_base` - the resume insurance around
     rewriting a loader slot the reset path goes through."""
     info = loader.info
     patched = bytearray(page0)
@@ -1183,7 +1403,7 @@ def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes, staged_link=Non
     so a re-run resumes; the state file carries what the staging slot held.
 
     `staged_link` is the new image's own `(baud, autobaud)` where it differs from
-    this session's — the copies the host enters *are* that image, so they answer
+    this session's - the copies the host enters *are* that image, so they answer
     on its link and not the resident's. Note what this does to the idempotence
     above: once the staging copy is installed, the resumable state is only
     reachable on the new link, so a re-run has to name it too."""
@@ -1205,9 +1425,9 @@ def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes, staged_link=Non
     state.load_or_save(loader)
 
     # A loader already sitting whole in the staging slot IS the staging copy:
-    # rewriting it would only meet its own running-slot guard. Any pureboot
+    # rewriting it in place would be a copy overwriting itself as it runs. Any pureboot
     # with the device's info block serves, since a staged copy only streams
-    # pages. "Whole" needs both checks — the block where every image carries
+    # pages. "Whole" needs both checks - the block where every image carries
     # it and matching byte for byte, and the slot unchanged since this update
     # began, so a half-written install takes the path below instead.
     current = loader.read_flash(info.stage, SLOT)
@@ -1216,7 +1436,7 @@ def op_update_loader(loader, wait, path, state_path, fuse_bytes, staged_link=Non
     # before that.
     staged_loader = image_info(current)
     if staged_loader is not None and staged_loader.raw == info.raw and current == state.staging:
-        print("staging slot already holds a loader — left in place")
+        print("staging slot already holds a loader - left in place")
     else:
         # Where the staging slot starts at address 0 (the 1 KB tiny13s) its
         # first page carries the reset vector, so it goes last: until then a
@@ -1270,7 +1490,7 @@ def check_walk_region(pages, info, fuse_bytes, force):
         raise Error(
             f"the image writes {overlap[0]:#06x}.. inside the reset walk region "
             f"[{bls_start:#06x}, {info.base:#06x}) (BOOTRST programmed): reset could no "
-            f"longer reach the loader — --force to flash it anyway"
+            f"longer reach the loader - --force to flash it anyway"
         )
 
 
@@ -1280,7 +1500,7 @@ def check_walk_region(pages, info, fuse_bytes, force):
 def op_erase_flash(loader):
     """0xff over the application area, descending where the reset vector is
     patched: page 0 goes last, so an interrupted erase still resets into the
-    loader — and once it is gone, the erased walk reaches it anyway."""
+    loader - and once it is gone, the erased walk reaches it anyway."""
     blank = bytes([0xFF] * loader.info.page)
     addresses = range(0, loader.info.base, loader.info.page)
     with Progress("erase", len(addresses)) as bar:
@@ -1336,7 +1556,7 @@ def verify_pages(loader, pages, repair=False):
                     raise Error(detail)
                 if retry == RETRIES:
                     raise Error(f"{detail} (still wrong after {RETRIES} retries)")
-                verbose(f"{detail} — rewriting page {address:#06x} (retry {retry + 1})")
+                verbose(f"{detail} - rewriting page {address:#06x} (retry {retry + 1})")
                 loader.write_page(address, pages[address])
                 repaired += 1
             bar.step()
@@ -1403,7 +1623,7 @@ def _require_unified(loader, what):
 
 
 def _peek_spec(spec):
-    """ADDR[:N] — addresses and counts in any Python integer base."""
+    """ADDR[:N] - addresses and counts in any Python integer base."""
     address, _, count = spec.partition(":")
     return int(address, 0), int(count, 0) if count else 1
 
@@ -1411,7 +1631,7 @@ def _peek_spec(spec):
 def op_peek(loader, spec):
     _require_unified(loader, "--peek")
     address, count = _peek_spec(spec)
-    data = loader.read_ram(address, count)
+    data = loader.read_data(address, count)
     for offset in range(0, len(data), 16):
         row = data[offset : offset + 16]
         text = "".join(chr(b) if 0x20 <= b < 0x7F else "." for b in row)
@@ -1424,7 +1644,7 @@ def op_poke(loader, spec):
     if not payload:
         raise Error("--poke needs ADDR:HEX, for example 0x200:deadbeef")
     data = bytes.fromhex(payload.replace(" ", ""))
-    loader.write_ram(int(address, 0), data)
+    loader.write_data(int(address, 0), data)
     print(f"poke: {len(data)} B at {int(address, 0):#06x}")
 
 
@@ -1437,13 +1657,13 @@ def op_fuses(loader):
     print(f"  lock      0x{lock:02x}")
     fuse_bytes = bytes((low, lock, extended, high))
     # On a boot-sectioned mega the BOOTSZ/BOOTRST decode is the fuse fact the
-    # loader's whole deployment hangs on — say it in words.
+    # loader's whole deployment hangs on - say it in words.
     if not loader.info.patch_vector:
         try:
             bootrst, bls_start = mega_boot(loader.info, fuse_bytes)
             reset = "reset enters it" if bootrst else "reset boots the application"
             print(f"  boot      section at {bls_start:#06x} ({loader.info.flash_size - bls_start} B), "
-                  f"BOOTRST {'programmed' if bootrst else 'unprogrammed'} — {reset}")
+                  f"BOOTRST {'programmed' if bootrst else 'unprogrammed'} - {reset}")
         except Error:
             pass  # unknown signature: the raw bytes above still stand
     return fuse_bytes
@@ -1451,7 +1671,7 @@ def op_fuses(loader):
 
 def scan_ratios():
     """The probe walk, in percent of the built rate: the built rate itself
-    first, then ±10 % in 2 % steps nearest-first — a drifted oscillator near
+    first, then +/-10 % in 2 % steps nearest-first - a drifted oscillator near
     its trim is the common case, and each probe costs a reset."""
     return [0] + [sign * step for step in (2, 4, 6, 8, 10) for sign in (-1, 1)]
 
@@ -1463,9 +1683,9 @@ def scan_rate(baud, pct):
 def scan_report(baud, pct, version, clock=None):
     """The findings, one per line: the found rate is the session workaround,
     its ratio to the built rate is the oscillator's offset, and the fixes are
-    the OSCCAL bake (≈1 %/step, opposing the drift) or the autobaud build."""
+    the OSCCAL bake (~1 %/step, opposing the drift) or the autobaud build."""
     rate = scan_rate(baud, pct)
-    lines = [f"scan: answered at {rate} Bd ({pct:+d} % of the built rate) — pureboot {version}",
+    lines = [f"scan: answered at {rate} Bd ({pct:+d} % of the built rate) - pureboot {version}",
              f"  session   --baud {rate}"]
     if clock:
         lines.append(f"  clock     ~{clock * (100 + pct) // 100} Hz (built for {clock})")
@@ -1474,24 +1694,27 @@ def scan_report(baud, pct, version, clock=None):
         lines.append(f"  fix       rebuild with OSCCAL ~{abs(pct)} steps {direction} (~1 %/step), "
                      "or the autobaud build")
     else:
-        lines.append("  fix       none — the built rate answers; check the earlier wiring instead")
+        lines.append("  fix       none - the built rate answers; check the earlier wiring instead")
     return lines
 
 
-def op_scan(port_path, baud, wait, clock=None):
-    """A fixed-baud loader whose oscillator drifted still answers — at the
+def op_scan(port_path, baud, wait, clock=None, one_wire=False):
+    """A fixed-baud loader whose oscillator drifted still answers - at the
     drifted ratio, since its rate scales with its clock. One probe per
     activation window, and with an application resident the window opens
     exactly once per reset, so each probe announces itself and expects a
-    fresh reset before knocking."""
+    fresh reset before knocking. On a shared line the probes echo back like
+    everything else; undiscarded they would answer every rate."""
     for pct in scan_ratios():
         rate = scan_rate(baud, pct)
-        print(f"scan: {rate} Bd ({pct:+d} %) — reset the target", flush=True)
+        print(f"scan: {rate} Bd ({pct:+d} %) - reset the target", flush=True)
         try:
             port = Port(port_path, rate)
         except Error as unmakeable:
-            print(f"scan: {rate} Bd skipped — {unmakeable}")
+            print(f"scan: {rate} Bd skipped - {unmakeable}")
             continue
+        if one_wire:
+            port = OneWirePort(port)
         try:
             info = Loader(port).connect(wait)
         except Error:
@@ -1501,7 +1724,7 @@ def op_scan(port_path, baud, wait, clock=None):
         for line in scan_report(baud, pct, info.version, clock):
             print(line)
         return
-    raise Error("no answer within ±10 % of the built rate — check the wiring, or deploy the "
+    raise Error("no answer within +/-10 % of the built rate - check the wiring, or deploy the "
                 "autobaud build, which has no rate to miss (README.md)")
 
 
@@ -1517,14 +1740,17 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument("--port", required=True, help="serial device: COM6, /dev/ttyUSB0, or a simavr pty")
     parser.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=115200, help="115200 mega, 57600 tinies")
     parser.add_argument("--wait", type=float, default=30.0, help="seconds to keep knocking")
+    parser.add_argument("--one-wire", action="store_true",
+                        help="the link is a shared line: read back and discard this tool's own "
+                             "echoed bytes (any backend of a one-wire deployment)")
     parser.add_argument("--autobaud", action="store_true",
                         help="drive an autobaud loader: send the 0xC0 calibration pulse and a single "
                              "knock, and take geometry from the signature (no clock/baud baked in)")
     parser.add_argument("--scan", action="store_true",
-                        help="walk ±10%% around --baud for a fixed-baud loader gone silent — one "
+                        help="walk +/-10%% around --baud for a fixed-baud loader gone silent - one "
                              "reset per probe, standalone (README.md: deployment)")
     parser.add_argument("--clock", type=int, metavar="HZ",
-                        help="the clock the loader was built for — lets --scan and an autobaud "
+                        help="the clock the loader was built for - lets --scan and an autobaud "
                              "--info state drift in absolute terms")
     parser.add_argument("--info", action="store_true", help="print the device info block")
     parser.add_argument("--fuses", action="store_true", help="read the fuse and lock bytes")
@@ -1540,7 +1766,7 @@ def main():
                         help="whether that image is an autobaud build, where it differs "
                              "from --autobaud")
     parser.add_argument("--assume-fuses", metavar="HEX8", help="fuse bytes low,lock,ext,high as 8 hex digits "
-                        "(overrides reading them — e.g. under a simulator that cannot)")
+                        "(overrides reading them - e.g. under a simulator that cannot)")
     parser.add_argument("--erase-flash", action="store_true", help="0xff over the application flash")
     parser.add_argument("--flash", metavar="FILE", help="program an application (bin or ihex)")
     parser.add_argument("--no-verify", action="store_true", help="skip read-back after writes")
@@ -1550,10 +1776,10 @@ def main():
     parser.add_argument("--eeprom", metavar="FILE", help="program the EEPROM (bin or ihex)")
     parser.add_argument("--read-eeprom", metavar="FILE", help="dump the EEPROM")
     parser.add_argument("--verify-eeprom", metavar="FILE", help="compare EEPROM against an image")
-    parser.add_argument("--peek", metavar="ADDR[:N]", help="read N bytes of data space (SRAM, registers, "
-                                                          "I/O) — pureboot 5 and later")
-    parser.add_argument("--poke", metavar="ADDR:HEX", help="write hex bytes into data space — "
+    parser.add_argument("--poke", metavar="ADDR:HEX", help="write hex bytes into data space - "
                                                           "pureboot 5 and later")
+    parser.add_argument("--peek", metavar="ADDR[:N]", help="read N bytes of data space (SRAM, registers, "
+                                                          "I/O) - pureboot 5 and later")
     parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="override refusable safety checks")
     parser.add_argument("--stay", action="store_true", help="leave the loader in its session")
     parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true",
@@ -1575,11 +1801,14 @@ def main():
     if args.scan:
         if args.autobaud:
             parser.error("--scan probes fixed rates; an autobaud loader has none to miss")
-        op_scan(args.port, args.baud, args.wait, args.clock)
+        op_scan(args.port, args.baud, args.wait, args.clock, args.one_wire)
         return
 
     port = Port(args.port, args.baud)
-    verbose(f"{args.port}: {args.baud} Bd 8N1, DTR/RTS asserted")
+    if args.one_wire:
+        port = OneWirePort(port)
+    verbose(f"{args.port}: {args.baud} Bd 8N1, DTR/RTS asserted"
+            + (", one-wire echo discarded" if args.one_wire else ""))
     try:
         loader = Loader(port)
         info = loader.connect_autobaud(args.wait) if args.autobaud else loader.connect(args.wait)
@@ -1590,15 +1819,15 @@ def main():
             if args.autobaud and info.unit_home is not None:
                 # The measured bit period, from wherever this version keeps it
                 # (unit_home); decoded and times the rate this session drives,
-                # that is the true clock — the number to hold an OSCCAL bake
+                # that is the true clock - the number to hold an OSCCAL bake
                 # or a fixed-baud build against (README.md: deployment). The
                 # autobaud identity path refuses unknown signatures, so the
                 # home is always known here; the guard states that dependency.
-                unit = int.from_bytes(loader.read_ram(info.unit_home, 2), "little")
+                unit = int.from_bytes(loader.read_data(info.unit_home, 2), "little")
                 cycles = unit * UNIT_LOOP_CYCLES + UNIT_DISCOUNT
                 clock = cycles * args.baud
                 offset = f", {(clock / args.clock - 1) * 100:+.1f} % of {args.clock}" if args.clock else ""
-                print(f"  measured     {clock} Hz ({cycles} cycles/bit × {args.baud} Bd{offset})")
+                print(f"  measured     {clock} Hz ({cycles} cycles/bit x {args.baud} Bd{offset})")
         fuse_bytes = fuse_override
         if args.fuses or (args.update_loader and not info.patch_vector and fuse_bytes is None):
             read = op_fuses(loader)

test/check_pi.py

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 """Position-independence lint: the property that lets the identical image run
 from any slot, asserted from the built ELF and its object.
 
-  1. No absolute jmp/call — -mrelax normally guarantees it, but a branch that
+  1. No absolute jmp/call - -mrelax normally guarantees it, but a branch that
      grows out of relaxation range would break it silently.
   2. Nothing flash-resident to address: the image is .text alone, so there is
      no table whose runtime address has to be reconstructed.
   3. The image is byte-identical when linked at a different base. This is
-     position independence itself rather than a proxy for it — an absolute
+     position independence itself rather than a proxy for it - an absolute
      address anywhere in the image would move with the link and show up as a
      differing byte.
 
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ def main():
                 check=True, capture_output=True)
             subprocess.run([objcopy, "-O", "binary", relinked, binary], check=True)
             images.append(open(binary, "rb").read())
+        if len(images[0]) != len(images[1]):
+            fail(f"the image is {len(images[0])} B linked at {text_start:#x} and "
+                 f"{len(images[1])} B at {elsewhere:#x} - relaxation followed the address")
         if images[0] != images[1]:
             differing = [i for i, (a, b) in enumerate(zip(*images)) if a != b]
             fail(f"the image changes when linked at {elsewhere:#x} instead of {text_start:#x}: "

test/check_size.cmake

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ if(NOT _res EQUAL 0)
 endif()
 # avr-size line 2 is "<text> <data> <bss> <dec> <hex> <file>".
 string(REGEX MATCH "\n[ \t]*([0-9]+)" _m "${_out}")
+if(NOT _m)
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "could not read a .text size out of ${SIZE_TOOL}'s output for ${ELF}:\n${_out}")
+endif()
 set(_text ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
 if(_text GREATER LIMIT)
 	message(FATAL_ERROR ".text is ${_text} bytes, over the ${LIMIT}-byte boot section")

test/check_unit.cmake

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Asserts the autobaud loader's measured unit sits where the host will read
-# it (--info's measured clock — the address is wire contract). Two homes: on
+# it (--info's measured clock - the address is wire contract). Two homes: on
 # a chip with the GPIOR pair the unit lives there and the image must carry no
 # RAM word for it at all; elsewhere it is the first RAM object at SRAM start.
 # Run as
@@ -11,26 +11,26 @@ if(NOT _res EQUAL 0)
 	message(FATAL_ERROR "${OBJDUMP} -t ${ELF} failed")
 endif()
 
-# The symbol line: "00800100 l     O .noinit  00000002 <mangled>unit_E".
-string(REGEX MATCH "\n0*([0-9a-f]+)[^\n]+[ \t][^ \t\n]*unit_E\n" _line "${_syms}")
+# The symbol line: "00800100 l     O .noinit  00000002 <mangled>6m_unitE".
+string(REGEX MATCH "\n0*([0-9a-f]+)[^\n]+[ \t][^ \t\n]*6m_unitE\n" _line "${_syms}")
 
 if(GPIOR)
 	if(_line)
-		message(FATAL_ERROR "unit_ RAM symbol present although the unit's home is GPIOR ${GPIOR} — "
+		message(FATAL_ERROR "m_unit RAM symbol present although the unit's home is GPIOR ${GPIOR} - "
 		                    "the host peeks the pair, and a RAM copy would be dead weight")
 	endif()
-	message(STATUS "no unit_ RAM object — the unit lives in the GPIOR pair at ${GPIOR}")
+	message(STATUS "no m_unit RAM object - the unit lives in the GPIOR pair at ${GPIOR}")
 	return()
 endif()
 
 if(NOT _line)
-	message(FATAL_ERROR "no unit_ symbol in ${ELF} — is this the autobaud loader?")
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "no m_unit symbol in ${ELF} - is this the autobaud loader?")
 endif()
 
 # AVR data-space symbols carry the 0x800000 VMA offset.
 math(EXPR _want "0x800000 + ${RAM_START}" OUTPUT_FORMAT HEXADECIMAL)
 math(EXPR _have "0x${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" OUTPUT_FORMAT HEXADECIMAL)
 if(NOT _have STREQUAL _want)
-	message(FATAL_ERROR "unit_ sits at ${_have}, ram_start is ${_want} — the host peeks ram_start")
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "m_unit sits at ${_have}, ram_start is ${_want} - the host peeks ram_start")
 endif()
-message(STATUS "unit_ at ${_have} == ram_start")
+message(STATUS "m_unit at ${_have} == ram_start")

test/device.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 // SPM genuinely writes avr->flash on the mega cores, so on exit (or SIGTERM)
 // we dump the flash image to a file for a ground-truth cross-check against
 // what the client read back through the bootloader.
+#include <array>
 #include <csignal>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 // The parts headers (uart_pty.h) carry no C++ linkage guards of their own,
-// unlike simavr's core headers — the block covers both harmlessly.
+// unlike simavr's core headers - the block covers both harmlessly.
 extern "C" {
 #include "avr_uart.h"
 #include "sim_avr.h"
@@ -75,11 +76,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		return 1;
 	}
 	// An image that runs past flash end cannot execute on hardware, and a
-	// naive copy of it would smash the heap beyond avr->flash — after which
+	// naive copy of it would smash the heap beyond avr->flash - after which
 	// the simulation misbehaves in ways that point everywhere but here.
 	// Refuse it loudly instead.
 	if (boot_base + fw.flashsize > avr->flashend + 1) {
-		std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} — image does not fit its slot",
+		std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} - image does not fit its slot",
 		             fw.flashsize, boot_base, avr->flashend);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -94,13 +95,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (cfg) {
 		std::uint32_t app_end = boot_base - 128; // config page sits directly below the boot code
 		for (int i = 0; cfg[i] && cfg[i + 1]; i += 2) {
-			char b[3] = {cfg[i], cfg[i + 1], 0};
-			avr->flash[app_end + i / 2] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(std::strtoul(b, nullptr, 16));
+			const std::array pair{cfg[i], cfg[i + 1], '\0'};
+			avr->flash[app_end + i / 2] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(std::strtoul(pair.data(), nullptr, 16));
 		}
 	}
 
 	// POLL_SLEEP makes simavr usleep(1) on every status-register read while the
-	// UART is idle — a host-CPU-saving hack that models no hardware and paces a
+	// UART is idle - a host-CPU-saving hack that models no hardware and paces a
 	// tight-polling loader (one that releases TX between bytes, as one-wire does)
 	// in real time, distorting protocol timing. Clear it so the loader runs at
 	// true cycle speed.
@@ -119,8 +120,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
 	for (;;) {
 		int state = avr_run(avr);
-		if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed)
+		if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed) {
 			break;
 		}
+	}
 	finish(0);
 }

test/pbapp.cpp

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 // Test-fixture application for the pureboot protocol tests: prints "APP" on
-// the chip's serial link (the same link the loader uses) — the proof that
+// the chip's serial link (the same link the loader uses) - the proof that
 // the loader's hand-over, and on the tinies the host's reset-vector
 // surgery, actually launched it. Linked normally (crt, vectors at 0); on
 // the tinies its reset vector is the rjmp the host re-homes.
 //
 // On the hardware-USART link it then listens, and an 'L' makes it jump into
-// the resident loader — the application-owned loader entry a
+// the resident loader - the application-owned loader entry a
 // BOOTRST-unprogrammed mega relies on (reset always boots the application
 // there), exercised by the self-update tests. The software link idles:
 // reset reaches those loaders through the patched vector (or the runner
 // models BOOTRST), so the application owes them nothing.
 //
 // PUREBOOT_HANDOVER drops the listening and jumps straight in, leaving the
-// USART enabled behind it — the hand-over state a loader bit-banging on that
+// USART enabled behind it - the hand-over state a loader bit-banging on that
 // USART's own pins has to survive.
 //
 // The fixture speaks the deployment its loader was built for: the same
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ consteval avr::hertz_t clock()
 	return avr::hertz_t{PUREBOOT_CLOCK_HZ};
 #else
 	auto name = std::string_view{avr::hw::db.name};
-	if (name.starts_with("ATtiny13"))
+	if (name.starts_with("ATtiny13")) {
 		return 9.6_MHz;
-	if (name.starts_with("ATtiny"))
+	}
+	if (name.starts_with("ATtiny")) {
 		return 8_MHz;
+	}
 	return 16_MHz;
 #endif
 }
@@ -41,6 +43,9 @@ consteval avr::hertz_t clock()
 #if !defined(PUREBOOT_TX)
 #define PUREBOOT_TX pb1
 #endif
+#if !defined(PUREBOOT_RX)
+#define PUREBOOT_RX pb0
+#endif
 #if !defined(PUREBOOT_USART)
 #define PUREBOOT_USART 0
 #endif
@@ -63,12 +68,19 @@ struct link {
 #else
 	static constexpr avr::baud_t baud{115200};
 #endif
-	using tx_t = avr::uart::usart<PUREBOOT_USART, C, {.baud = baud, .max_baud_error = 2.5_pct}>;
+	// The fixture speaks whatever rate the loader was built for, stock
+	// 115200 at 16 MHz included, which sits past the receiver-tolerance
+	// table's bound - the same deployment envelope the loader itself states.
+	using tx_t = avr::uart::usart<PUREBOOT_USART, C, {.baud = baud, .allow_baud_error = true}>;
+	static void init()
+	{
+		avr::init<tx_t>();
+	}
 	static void tx(char c)
 	{
 		tx_t::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(c));
 	}
-	// The loader sits in the top slot — 512 bytes on every chip. The jump
+	// The loader sits in the top slot - 512 bytes on every chip. The jump
 	// takes a word address, which is what makes the >64 KiB chips' entry
 	// reachable through a 16-bit pointer at all.
 	static void enter_loader()
@@ -80,7 +92,7 @@ struct link {
 	[[noreturn]] static void idle()
 	{
 #if defined(PUREBOOT_HANDOVER)
-		// Hand back at once, with this USART still enabled — the state that
+		// Hand back at once, with this USART still enabled - the state that
 		// leaves a bit-banged loader on its pins mute unless the loader
 		// releases it. Unconditional because there is no command wire to
 		// wait on: that loader's link is the pins, not this peripheral.
@@ -89,13 +101,20 @@ struct link {
 #else
 		for (;;) {
 			auto command = tx_t::read_blocking();
-			if (command == 'L')
+			if (command == 'L') {
 				enter_loader();
+			}
 			// 'D' leaves every word of the SPM page buffer dirty, so that a
 			// following 'L' enters the loader with the buffer it never clears.
+			// Hardware refuses application-section SPM on a boot-sectioned
+			// part; simavr dispatches it anyway, which is the whole reason the
+			// state is constructible - the stated section is the compilable
+			// fiction that matches what the simulator runs.
 			if (command == 'D') {
-				for (std::uint16_t at = 0; at < avr::spm::page_bytes; at += 2)
-					avr::spm::fill(at, 0xdead);
+				const auto open = avr::spm::page::begin<avr::spm::from::boot_section>(0);
+				for (std::uint16_t at = 0; at < avr::spm::page_bytes; at += 2) {
+					avr::spm::fill(open, at, 0xdead);
+				}
 				tx('D');
 			}
 		}
@@ -110,7 +129,22 @@ struct link<C, false> {
 #else
 	static constexpr avr::baud_t baud{57600};
 #endif
-	using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, baud>;
+	// A shared-pin deployment (RX == TX) banners as a guest on its own line:
+	// the pull-up input is the released line, the transmitter takes the pin
+	// for exactly one frame per byte - the shape a real one-wire application
+	// beside this loader uses.
+	static constexpr bool one_wire = avr::PUREBOOT_RX == avr::PUREBOOT_TX;
+	using tx_t = avr::uart::software_tx<C, avr::PUREBOOT_TX, baud, one_wire>;
+	static void init()
+	{
+		// The guest transmitter configures no pin; the released line - the
+		// pull-up input a receiver would own - is established here.
+		if constexpr (one_wire) {
+			avr::init<avr::io::input<avr::PUREBOOT_TX, avr::io::pull::up>, tx_t>();
+		} else {
+			avr::init<tx_t>();
+		}
+	}
 	static void tx(char c)
 	{
 		tx_t::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(c));
@@ -122,7 +156,7 @@ struct link<C, false> {
 		// cycles-per-bit transmitter: `tools/pbrig.py rate` sweeps the host rate
 		// against it to find the part's true bit rate, and from that the clock
 		// its RC oscillator is really running at. Only the *bit* timing carries
-		// the measurement — the delay merely spaces the lines out, so its own
+		// the measurement - the delay merely spaces the lines out, so its own
 		// error does not matter. Software link only: the hardware-link idle owes
 		// the self-update tests a command loop, and a crystal deployment has
 		// nothing to measure.
@@ -145,14 +179,14 @@ struct link<C, false> {
 
 int main()
 {
-	avr::init<typename link<dev::clock>::tx_t>();
+	link<dev::clock>::init();
 #if !defined(PUREBOOT_HANDOVER)
 	link<dev::clock>::tx('A');
 	link<dev::clock>::tx('P');
 	link<dev::clock>::tx('P');
 #endif
 	// The hand-over fixture stays silent: nothing is listening on the USART it
-	// brings up — the loader it hands to speaks those pins directly — so its
+	// brings up - the loader it hands to speaks those pins directly - so its
 	// banner would be a write into a peer that does not exist.
 	link<dev::clock>::idle();
 }

test/pbautobaud.py

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """End-to-end autobaud test: drive an autobaud loader in simavr through the
 calibration handshake and a flash + EEPROM + fuse round-trip, cross-checked
-against the simulator's ground-truth memory — then repeat at a second F_CPU with
+against the simulator's ground-truth memory - then repeat at a second F_CPU with
 the *same* loader binary, which is the property autobaud exists for: one
 clock-agnostic image that locks onto whatever rate the host sends.
 
 Usage: pbautobaud.py <device_bin> <loader_elf> <mcu> <base_hex> <page>
-                     <app_bin> <app_hz> <app_baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
+                     <app_bin> <app_hz> <app_baud> <tool_py> <workdir> [link]
 
-The loader is a software-serial build on PB0/PB1 (pureboot_add_autobaud's
-default), so the runner drives it over the GPIO⇄pty bridge (-l sw:B0,B1). The
-app fixture is built for (app_hz, app_baud); the hand-over is checked at that
-point, and a second point at half the clock proves the lock is measured, not
-baked in.
+The loader is a software-serial build, driven over the GPIO<->pty bridge; the
+optional link overrides the default -l sw:B0,B1 - RX == TX in it is the
+one-wire deployment, and every session then runs with the host's echo
+discard on. The app fixture is built for (app_hz, app_baud); the hand-over
+is checked at that point, and a second point at half the clock proves the
+lock is measured, not baked in.
 """
 
 import os
@@ -27,8 +28,12 @@ def fail(message):
 
 
 def main():
-    (device_bin, elf, mcu, base_hex, page, app_bin, app_hz, app_baud, tool, workdir) = sys.argv[1:]
+    args = sys.argv[1:]
+    link = args.pop() if len(args) == 11 else "sw:B0,B1"
+    (device_bin, elf, mcu, base_hex, page, app_bin, app_hz, app_baud, tool, workdir) = args
     base, page, app_hz, app_baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(app_hz), int(app_baud)
+    one_wire = re.fullmatch(r"sw:([A-H][0-7]),\1(@[01])?", link) is not None
+    extra = ("--one-wire",) if one_wire else ()
     sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
     sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
     import pbsim
@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ def main():
     open(ee_path, "wb").write(ee_image)
 
     # The geometry the surgery planner needs, from the chip class the runner is
-    # told — the same derivation pbtest.py makes: the boot-sectioned megas need
+    # told - the same derivation pbtest.py makes: the boot-sectioned megas need
     # no vector surgery, the tinies and the boot-section-less m48s do, and the
     # large chips speak word addresses.
     mega = mcu.startswith("atmega")
@@ -55,11 +60,11 @@ def main():
         """One clock point: reset, calibrate + knock, program, verify against the
         simulator's own flash, and (at the app's point) hand over to the fixture."""
         dump = os.path.join(workdir, f"flash_{label}.bin")
-        device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, str(hz), base_hex, page, baud, dump, link="sw:B0,B1")
+        device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, str(hz), base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
         try:
             # The host tool, in autobaud mode, sends the 0xC0 calibration pulse
             # and a single knock at `baud`; the loader locks to it.
-            out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--autobaud", "--info", "--clock", str(hz),
+            out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--autobaud", "--info", "--clock", str(hz),
                                  "--fuses", "--flash", app_bin, "--eeprom", ee_path, "--stay")
             for needed in ("version", "signature", "fuses", "verify:", "stays"):
                 if needed not in out:
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ def main():
             # must land inside the
             # encoding's own envelope: the loader floors the bit period to
             # 4-cycle spin granules after an 8-cycle discount, and the edge
-            # poll can shave a few cycles more — one granule of slack below
+            # poll can shave a few cycles more - one granule of slack below
             # the true clock, none above (in cycles per bit, times the rate).
             measured = re.search(r"measured\s+(\d+) Hz", out)
             if not measured:
@@ -80,7 +85,7 @@ def main():
             # Read both memories back over the locked link and check them.
             read_flash = os.path.join(workdir, f"rf_{label}.bin")
             read_eeprom = os.path.join(workdir, f"re_{label}.bin")
-            out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--autobaud", "--verify-flash", app_bin,
+            out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--autobaud", "--verify-flash", app_bin,
                                  "--verify-eeprom", ee_path, "--read-flash", read_flash,
                                  "--read-eeprom", read_eeprom, "--stay")
             if out.count("verify:") != 2:
@@ -89,34 +94,37 @@ def main():
                 fail(f"{label}: EEPROM read-back mismatch")
 
             if hand_over:
-                # Regression: a calibration pulse with no knock behind it must
-                # not wedge the loader. The knock's edge wait used to be
-                # unbudgeted, so one stray low pulse — EMI, or a host that opens
-                # the port and never knocks — held the loader forever and the
-                # application never ran. The whole activation is bounded now, so
-                # the window closes and the app boots; the banner is the proof.
+                # A calibration pulse with no knock behind it must not wedge
+                # the loader: the whole activation is bounded, including the
+                # knock's edge wait, so one stray low pulse - EMI, or a host
+                # that opens the port and never knocks - closes the window and
+                # boots the application. The banner is the proof.
                 # (The pause lets the loader reach its measurement loop, so the
                 # pulse is genuinely seen and the test cannot pass vacuously.)
                 device.reset()
                 port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+                if one_wire:
+                    port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
                 try:
                     time.sleep(0.2)
                     port.write(bytes((pb.CALIBRATE,)))
                     # Accumulate rather than match exactly: the reset leaves the
                     # idle line a framing artefact ahead of the banner, which is
-                    # noise here — the question is only whether the app ran.
+                    # noise here - the question is only whether the app ran.
                     seen = b""
                     deadline = time.monotonic() + 180.0
                     while b"APP" not in seen and time.monotonic() < deadline:
                         seen += port.read_available(1.0)
                     if b"APP" not in seen:
-                        fail(f"{label}: lone calibration pulse wedged the loader — app never bannered, saw {seen!r}")
+                        fail(f"{label}: lone calibration pulse wedged the loader - app never bannered, saw {seen!r}")
                     print(f"  {label}: lone calibration pulse does not wedge the loader")
                 finally:
                     port.close()
 
                 device.reset()
                 port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+                if one_wire:
+                    port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
                 try:
                     loader = pb.Loader(port)
                     live = loader.connect_autobaud(15)
@@ -128,13 +136,13 @@ def main():
                         # the stack at the top. Reading it back over the same
                         # locked link proves both directions of the new space.
                         probe = bytes(range(0x30, 0x40))
-                        loader.write_ram(0x0200, probe)
-                        if loader.read_ram(0x0200, len(probe)) != probe:
+                        loader.write_data(0x0200, probe)
+                        if loader.read_data(0x0200, len(probe)) != probe:
                             fail(f"{label}: RAM round-trip mismatch")
                         # The register file and the I/O space share the data
                         # address space on AVR, so the same command reaches a
                         # peripheral register. SPMCSR reads back as idle here.
-                        verbose_ram = loader.read_ram(0x0200, 4)
+                        verbose_ram = loader.read_data(0x0200, 4)
                         print(f"  {label}: RAM read/write ok ({verbose_ram.hex()})")
                     loader.run_application()
                     banner = port.read_exact(3, 5.0)
@@ -156,13 +164,15 @@ def main():
               + (", hand-over ok" if hand_over else ""))
 
     def must_lock(hz, baud, label):
-        """The calibration alone, at a tight bit period. Nothing is programmed —
+        """The calibration alone, at a tight bit period. Nothing is programmed -
         the question is only whether the loader can still measure the pulse."""
         dump = os.path.join(workdir, f"flash_{label}.bin")
         device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, str(hz), base_hex, page, baud, dump,
-                              link="sw:B0,B1")
+                              link=link)
         try:
             port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+            if one_wire:
+                port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
             try:
                 live = pb.Loader(port).connect_autobaud(15)
                 if live.version != pb.NEWEST_LOADER:
@@ -175,7 +185,7 @@ def main():
 
     # The app fixture is built for one clock; the hand-over banners there. A
     # second point at double that clock, same loader binary, proves the lock is
-    # measured, not baked in — the whole point of autobaud. (Doubling keeps the
+    # measured, not baked in - the whole point of autobaud. (Doubling keeps the
     # bit period healthy; halving would drop it below the software UART's floor.)
     round_trip(app_hz, app_baud, "clock-a", hand_over=True)
     round_trip(app_hz * 2, app_baud, "clock-b", hand_over=False)
@@ -183,7 +193,7 @@ def main():
     # Both points above sit near 100 cycles a bit, which is comfortable. The
     # calibration's real floor is far tighter, and it is worth a gate: measured
     # here, the lock is solid down to ~36 cycles a bit and fails outright by ~31
-    # — a sharp edge, not a fraying one. This pins the tightest standard rate the
+    # - a sharp edge, not a fraying one. This pins the tightest standard rate the
     # fixture's clock reaches, so a change that raises the floor is caught.
     #
     # It does *not* bound what a real deployment can use. On silicon the

test/pbdirty.py

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Dirty-page-buffer acceptance test: with no discard in the loader, a page
 filled over words an earlier writer left takes those instead. The whole
-contract is asserted — a bare verify sees the corruption, the repairing
+contract is asserted - a bare verify sees the corruption, the repairing
 verify fixes it in one rewrite, and it stays fixed.
 
 The state is reached the one way the loader cannot prevent: an application
 dirties the buffer and jumps in with no reset between. Boot-sectioned megas
-forbid that outright (SPM runs only from the boot section, Atmel-8271 §26.2),
+forbid that outright (SPM runs only from the boot section, Atmel-8271 section 26.2),
 but simavr dispatches SPM from anywhere, which is what makes it constructible.
 
 Usage: pbdirty.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def main():
                 fail(f"the read-back failed, but not at verify: {error}")
         else:
             # Either the fixture no longer dirties the buffer, or the loader
-            # clears it again — in which case this test's premise is gone.
+            # clears it again - in which case this test's premise is gone.
             fail("programming over a dirty page buffer came back clean")
 
         # What the programming path uses: one rewrite settles it, and it stays

test/pbglitch.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""A link that damages bytes, deliberately and reproducibly, against the seal
+that exists for it.
+
+The board this was written for loses and mangles bytes on its own serial path,
+and the failure that made it matter - a page-fill byte lost, the stream one
+byte out, a page-address byte arriving where an SPMCSR value belongs - is not
+reachable by asking a healthy link nicely. So the damage is injected here, at
+a named byte index rather than a probability: a failing case is a case that
+fails again.
+
+Every check is a pair. The same bit flipped in the same field is applied on
+one side of the seal and then the other: *after* the host seals the header,
+which is a mangled command and must be refused, and *before*, which is a
+well-formed command for something else and must be obeyed. Only the pair
+proves anything - a test that showed the refusal alone would pass against a
+loader that had simply stopped doing SPM, and one that showed the corruption
+alone would not say what caught it.
+
+Usage: pbglitch.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
+                   <baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def fail(message):
+    print(f"FAIL: {message}")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def frame(pb, op, space, address, count, damage=None, before_seal=False):
+    """A sealed command header, optionally with one byte damaged.
+
+    `damage` is (index, mask). Applied before the seal is computed it produces
+    a valid command for whatever the damaged fields now say; applied after, a
+    command whose seal no longer matches its own body - which is the shape a
+    link fault actually has."""
+    head = bytearray((op, pb.selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
+                      (address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
+    if damage and before_seal:
+        head[damage[0]] ^= damage[1]
+    seal = pb.SEAL
+    for byte in head:
+        seal ^= byte
+    out = bytearray(head + bytes((seal,)))
+    if damage and not before_seal:
+        out[damage[0]] ^= damage[1]
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
+def main():
+    device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, tool, workdir = sys.argv[1:]
+    base, page, baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(baud)
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    import pbsim
+    import pureboot as pb
+
+    os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
+    dump = os.path.join(workdir, "dump.bin")
+    device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump)
+    try:
+        port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+        loader = pb.Loader(port)
+        info = loader.connect(25)
+        if info.version < pb.SEALED_LOADER:
+            fail(f"this test is for pureboot {pb.SEALED_LOADER} and later, not {info.version}")
+
+        # A page of known bytes to watch. Everything below aims at it, so
+        # "nothing happened" is a readable claim rather than an absence.
+        marker = bytes((0x40 + (i & 0x3F)) for i in range(page))
+        loader.write_page(0, marker)
+        if loader.read_flash(0, page) != marker:
+            fail("the marker page did not survive an undamaged write")
+
+        # Every field of the header, one bit each. A damaged seal must be
+        # refused, the loader must re-prompt, and the page must be untouched -
+        # and it is the erase being aimed at it, so a single escape is visible.
+        for index in range(6):
+            bad = frame(pb, pb.OP_WRITE, pb.SP_SPM, 0, pb.SPM_ERASE, damage=(index, 0x01))
+            port.write(bad)
+            answer = port.read_exact(1, 5.0)
+            if answer != pb.NAK:
+                fail(f"a header damaged in byte {index} was not refused (got {answer.hex()})")
+            if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+                fail(f"no prompt after refusing a header damaged in byte {index}")
+            if loader.read_flash(0, page) != marker:
+                fail(f"damage in byte {index} reached flash - the marker page changed")
+
+        # The fill, whose payload is the protocol's one unacked burst: a
+        # refused fill must be refused *before* the page is sent, or the host
+        # is left pushing 128 bytes into a loader reading commands. Nothing is
+        # sent after the verdict here, and the very next command must be
+        # understood - that is the whole claim.
+        bad = frame(pb, pb.OP_FILL, pb.SP_FLASH, 0, page, damage=(3, 0x80))
+        port.write(bad)
+        if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.NAK:
+            fail("a damaged fill header was not refused")
+        if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+            fail("no prompt after refusing a damaged fill header")
+        if loader.identity().raw != info.raw:
+            fail("the loader was out of step after refusing a fill")
+
+        # The pair's other half. The identical flip, applied before the seal:
+        # a well-formed erase of the page one bit away from the one intended.
+        # It must be obeyed - otherwise the refusals above prove nothing about
+        # the seal and only that this loader stopped erasing.
+        port.write(frame(pb, pb.OP_WRITE, pb.SP_SPM, 0, pb.SPM_ERASE,
+                         damage=(2, 0x01), before_seal=True))
+        if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+            fail("a correctly sealed erase was refused")
+        if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+            fail("no prompt after a correctly sealed erase")
+        if loader.read_flash(0, page) != b"\xff" * page:
+            fail("the sealed erase did not reach flash - the marker page is intact")
+        port.close()
+    finally:
+        device.stop()
+    print("pbglitch: damaged headers are refused, the identical damage sealed is obeyed")
+
+
+main()

test/pbmute.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ application hands over with that USART still enabled: TXEN keeps the USART
 owning the pin, so the bit-banged transmitter's port writes go nowhere and the
 loader receives and obeys while answering nothing. The link's init releases it.
 
-The state is reached the way silicon reaches it — an application that sets up
+The state is reached the way silicon reaches it - an application that sets up
 its USART and jumps in with no reset between, so nothing clears UCSRnB for it.
 The pin ownership itself is modelled by the device runner: simavr wires a
 USART through IRQs alone and never takes the pin from the port, so without
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ Usage: pbmute.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
 """
 
 import os
+import re
 import sys
 
 
@@ -34,7 +35,10 @@ def main():
     import pureboot as pb
 
     if "@" not in link:
-        fail(f"the link {link} names no owning USART — nothing would be under test")
+        fail(f"the link {link} names no owning USART - nothing would be under test")
+    # A shared line (RX == TX) echoes the host's own bytes; discard them the
+    # way the shipped --one-wire mode does.
+    one_wire = re.fullmatch(r"sw:([A-H][0-7]),\1@[01]", link) is not None
 
     os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
     dump = os.path.join(workdir, "dump.bin")
@@ -42,6 +46,8 @@ def main():
     device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
     try:
         port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+        if one_wire:
+            port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
         loader = pb.Loader(port)
         loader.connect(25)
         resident = loader.info.version
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@ def main():
         try:
             loader.connect(25)
         except pb.Error as error:
-            fail(f"the loader never answered after the hand-over — the USART still owns its TX pin ({error})")
+            fail(f"the loader never answered after the hand-over - the USART still owns its TX pin ({error})")
         if loader.info.version != resident:
             fail(f"identity changed across the hand-over: {resident} then {loader.info.version}")
 

test/pbosccal.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """The build-time OSCCAL trim, observed through the wire: a loader built with
 the OSCCAL axis holds the trim register at the built byte from its first
-prompt on — the write sits at the top of run(), ahead of the WDRF bail, so
+prompt on - the write sits at the top of run(), ahead of the WDRF bail, so
 every path out of reset runs on the corrected clock. simavr's clock does not
 follow OSCCAL, which is what makes the value assertable at all: the register
 is plain state there, and the peek must return exactly what the build

test/pbrehome.py

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 canonical slot must still be a working loader, and the ordinary
 --update-loader flow must put a build into the top slot from there.
 
-Two positions. Address 0, a raw .bin handed to a programmer: the staging
-install and the word-0 redirect run from copies outside page 0's slot, so the
-running-slot guard never blocks them. And the staging slot itself, where a
-loader already sitting there IS the staging copy — recognized by its embedded
-block and left in place, then streaming the new resident like any staged copy.
+Two positions. Address 0, a raw .bin handed to a programmer. And the staging
+slot itself, where a loader already sitting there IS the staging copy -
+recognized by its embedded block and left in place, then streaming the new
+resident like any staged copy.
 
 Usage: pbrehome.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <update_bin> <mcu> <hz>
                    <base_hex> <page> <baud> <app_bin> <tool_py> <workdir>
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ def fail(message):
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
-def rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, place_hex, guard_probe, update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir,
+def rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, place_hex, update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir,
                 mcu, hz):
     """Place the loader at `place_hex`, heal through --update-loader, flash
     the application, expect the banner."""
@@ -36,15 +35,7 @@ def rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, place_hex, guard_probe, update_bin,
         loader = pb.Loader(port)
         info = loader.connect(25)
         if info.base != base:
-            fail(f"the misplaced copy reports base {info.base:#06x} — the info block must stay canonical")
-
-        # The accidental slot still guards itself; re-homing rides on the
-        # canonical slots being writable from it.
-        probe = int(guard_probe, 0)
-        before = loader.read_flash(probe, info.page)
-        loader.write_page(probe, bytes(info.page))
-        if loader.read_flash(probe, info.page) != before:
-            fail("the misplaced copy's guard let its own slot change")
+            fail(f"the misplaced copy reports base {info.base:#06x} - the info block must stay canonical")
 
         # The ordinary update flow puts the build into the top slot.
         pb.op_update_loader(loader, 25, update_bin, state, None)
@@ -76,16 +67,15 @@ def main():
 
     os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
 
-    # Address 0: the raw-.bin-to-a-programmer accident. The guard probe is
-    # the copy's own page 0.
-    rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, "0x0", "0x0", update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir, mcu, hz)
+    # Address 0: the raw-.bin-to-a-programmer accident.
+    rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, "0x0", update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir, mcu, hz)
     print("re-home from address 0: converged")
 
     # The staging slot: erased flash with the loader sitting exactly where
-    # a staging copy would — the tool must leave it in place and let it
+    # a staging copy would - the tool must leave it in place and let it
     # stream the (different) update build into the resident slot.
     stage = base - pb.SLOT
-    rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, hex(stage), hex(stage), update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir,
+    rehome_from(pbsim, pb, device_bin, elf, hex(stage), update_bin, base, page, baud, app_bin, workdir,
                 mcu, hz)
     print("re-home from the staging slot: converged")
 

test/pbreloc.py

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Position-independence acceptance test: the identical binary, flashed one
 slot below the resident, must serve the complete command set from there. The
-info block must come back byte-identical, the write guard must refuse the
-staged copy's own slot and permit the resident's, and the staged copy must be
-able to rewrite the resident verbatim.
+info block must come back byte-identical, and the staged copy must be able to
+rewrite the resident verbatim - which is the whole of what relocation is for.
 
 Usage: pbreloc.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
                   <baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
@@ -64,20 +63,16 @@ def main():
         if loader.read_eeprom(0, len(pattern)) != pattern:
             fail("EEPROM round-trip through the staged copy")
 
-        # The guard, both ways: its own slot refused (drained, unchanged), the
-        # resident slot writable. The refusal leaves its drained words in the
-        # SPM buffer, so the write that follows may take them — and clears
-        # them by writing, so the retry must not.
-        before = loader.read_flash(stage, page)
-        loader.write_page(stage, bytes(page))
-        if loader.read_flash(stage, page) != before:
-            fail("the staged copy's guard let its own slot change")
+        # The resident slot, written from the copy standing beside it - the
+        # whole point of relocating. There is no running-slot guard to probe
+        # against: nothing here refuses an address, and a copy that erases the
+        # page it is executing from does not come back to report it.
+        # pbselfwrite.py gates that direction on a device it is allowed to
+        # destroy.
         marker = bytes((i * 3) & 0xFF for i in range(page))
         loader.write_page(base, marker)
         if loader.read_flash(base, page) != marker:
-            loader.write_page(base, marker)
-            if loader.read_flash(base, page) != marker:
-                fail("the staged copy could not write the resident slot, even on retry")
+            fail("the staged copy could not write the resident slot")
 
         # Restore the resident image through the staged copy, then 'J' back
         # into it and prove it lives.

test/pbselfwrite.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""The seal, gated on the one command that proves it: erase the page the
+loader is executing from.
+
+pureboot 9 dropped the running-slot write guard, so this command is now
+permitted - that is what lets a resident copy plant something in its own slot,
+which on a chip whose boot section *is* the loader slot is the only route a
+self-update has. Permitted means the loader must actually do it, and the only
+honest proof is the flash afterwards.
+
+What stands in the guard's place is the seal, and the two halves are tested
+against each other here: the identical destructive command, refused when its
+seal is wrong and honoured when it is right. A test that only showed the
+refusal would pass just as well against a loader that ignores SPM entirely.
+
+Usage: pbselfwrite.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <mcu> <hz> <base_hex> <page>
+                      <baud> <tool_py> <workdir>
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def fail(message):
+    print(f"FAIL: {message}")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def sealed_frame(pb, op, space, address, count):
+    """A command header and its seal, built here rather than borrowed from the
+    tool: this test is about what the loader accepts, and a probe that shares
+    the host's frame builder cannot tell a wrong frame from a wrong loader."""
+    head = bytes((op, pb.selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
+                  (address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
+    seal = pb.SEAL
+    for byte in head:
+        seal ^= byte
+    return head + bytes((seal,))
+
+
+def main():
+    device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, tool, workdir = sys.argv[1:]
+    base, page, baud = int(base_hex, 0), int(page), int(baud)
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(tool)))
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    import pbsim
+    import pureboot as pb
+
+    os.makedirs(workdir, exist_ok=True)
+    dump = os.path.join(workdir, "dump.bin")
+    device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump)
+    try:
+        port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+        loader = pb.Loader(port)
+        info = loader.connect(25)
+        if info.version < pb.SEALED_LOADER:
+            fail(f"this test is for pureboot {pb.SEALED_LOADER} and later, not {info.version}")
+
+        # Erase the first page of the running slot: the entry stub and the
+        # command loop are both in it, so a loader that performs this does not
+        # answer again. Nothing else in the protocol is as sharp a probe.
+        frame = sealed_frame(pb, pb.OP_WRITE, pb.SP_SPM, base, pb.SPM_ERASE)
+
+        # Red: the same command with one bit wrong in its seal. Refused before
+        # anything happens, and the loader is still there to say so.
+        broken = bytearray(frame)
+        broken[-1] ^= 0x01
+        port.write(bytes(broken))
+        if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.NAK:
+            fail("an unsealed erase of the running page was not refused")
+        if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+            fail("the loader did not re-prompt after refusing the erase")
+        alive = loader.read_flash(base, 8)
+        if alive == b"\xff" * 8:
+            fail("the refused erase happened anyway - the running page reads erased")
+
+        # Green: the identical command, correctly sealed. Nothing is required
+        # of the link from here on. The verdict is *issued* before the SPM, but
+        # the erase takes the code that would have finished saying it, and how
+        # much of it survives is the chip's business - an erase removes one page
+        # and nothing else, so a loader whose command loop lives past the page
+        # erased will prompt as usual where one with 128-byte pages goes with
+        # the stub. None of that is the claim. The claim is that the erase
+        # reached flash, and the dump is both the only witness for it and a
+        # better one: it tells "accepted and performed" from "merely answered".
+        port.write(frame)
+        try:
+            port.read_exact(2, 2.0)
+        except pb.Error:
+            pass
+        port.close()
+    finally:
+        device.stop()
+
+    # Ground truth: the simulator's flash, not the loader's opinion of it.
+    flash = open(dump, "rb").read()
+    if flash[base : base + page] != b"\xff" * page:
+        fail("the sealed erase did not reach flash - the running page is intact")
+    print("pbselfwrite: the running slot is refused unsealed and erased sealed")
+
+
+main()

test/pbsim.py

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ class Device:
             cmd.append("-w")  # report the first-transmit cycle, free-run idle
         cmd += [elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, str(page), str(baud), dump]
         if reset_hex is not None or resume is not None:
-            # Chips without a hardware boot section — the tinies and the
-            # m48s — reset to address 0 like silicon; the boot-sectioned
+            # Chips without a hardware boot section - the tinies and the
+            # m48s - reset to address 0 like silicon; the boot-sectioned
             # megas re-vector to the loader base (BOOTRST).
             patch = not mcu.startswith("atmega") or mcu.startswith("atmega48")
             cmd.append(reset_hex if reset_hex is not None else ("0" if patch else base_hex))
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Device:
         self.proc.send_signal(signal.SIGUSR1)
 
     def power_fail(self):
-        """SIGTERM: the runner dumps its flash and exits — the image a
+        """SIGTERM: the runner dumps its flash and exits - the image a
         restart resumes from."""
         self.stop()
         return self.dump

test/pbtest.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ loader built off the chip's natural serial default.
 """
 
 import os
+import re
 import sys
 
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ def fail(message):
 
 
 def rjmp_decode(word, at, flash_words):
-    """Where an rjmp word at word-address `at` lands — deliberately written
+    """Where an rjmp word at word-address `at` lands - deliberately written
     against the instruction-set definition (12-bit signed offset), not with
     the host tool's encoder, so an encoding bug cannot verify itself."""
     if word & 0xF000 != 0xC000:
@@ -70,20 +71,25 @@ def main():
         + bytes([flags])
     )
 
+    # A shared-line link (RX == TX in the -l spec) makes the host read every
+    # byte it sends back off the line; all sessions then discard the echo.
+    one_wire = bool(link) and re.fullmatch(r"sw:([A-H][0-7]),\1(@[01])?", link) is not None
+    extra = ("--one-wire",) if one_wire else ()
+
     device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, link=link)
     try:
         # Session 1: knock from reset, identify, program everything, stay.
-        out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--info", "--fuses", "--flash", app_bin,
+        out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--info", "--fuses", "--flash", app_bin,
                              "--eeprom", ee_path, "--stay")
         for needed in ("version", "signature", "fuses", "verify:", "stays"):
             if needed not in out:
                 fail(f"session 1 output lacks {needed!r}")
 
         # Session 2: reconnect into the live session, verify, dump, exercise
-        # the data space; hand over is deferred — the pty must be reopened for
+        # the data space; hand over is deferred - the pty must be reopened for
         # the APP banner first.
         probe = "c0ffee"
-        out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--verify-flash", app_bin, "--verify-eeprom", ee_path,
+        out = pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, *extra, "--verify-flash", app_bin, "--verify-eeprom", ee_path,
                              "--read-flash", read_flash, "--read-eeprom", read_eeprom,
                              "--poke", f"{ram_base:#x}:{probe}", "--peek", f"{ram_base:#x}:3", "--stay")
         if out.count("verify:") != 2:
@@ -111,11 +117,13 @@ def main():
         # land in the application, which banners on the same link.
         device.reset()
         port = pb.Port(device.pty, baud)
+        if one_wire:
+            port = pb.OneWirePort(port)
         try:
             loader = pb.Loader(port)
             live = loader.connect(15)
             # The loader built from this tree must report a version the tool
-            # beside it speaks — a bump the tool was never told about is a
+            # beside it speaks - a bump the tool was never told about is a
             # loader it would refuse to talk to. Not equality with the newest:
             # the tool now spans two loader generations, the fixed-baud one
             # here and the unified autobaud loader that follows it.
@@ -123,19 +131,42 @@ def main():
                 fail(f"loader reports pureboot {live.version}, the tool speaks "
                      f"{pb.OLDEST_LOADER}..{pb.NEWEST_LOADER}")
 
-            # A W addressed inside a page rather than at its base must still
+            # A fill addressed inside a page rather than at its base must still
             # consume exactly one page and prompt. The loader's own slot is the
-            # target — the guard refuses to commit it — and the payload is
-            # erased-state bytes, so the probe can disturb neither the image nor
-            # the page buffer it leaves behind. Hand-built rather than through
-            # write_page(), which would follow the fill with its erase and
-            # write; the point here is that the fill alone consumes exactly one
-            # page whatever the address's low bits say.
+            # target and the payload is erased-state bytes, so the probe can
+            # disturb neither the image nor the page buffer it leaves behind: a
+            # fill only loads the buffer, and nothing commits it. Hand-built
+            # rather than through write_page(), which would follow the fill
+            # with its erase and write; the point here is that the fill alone
+            # consumes exactly one page whatever the address's low bits say.
+            # Hand-sealed too - a protocol probe that borrowed the tool's own
+            # frame builder could not tell a wrong frame from a wrong loader.
             wire = base + 1
-            port.write(bytes((ord("W"), pb.selector(pb.SP_FLASH, wire), wire & 0xFF, (wire >> 8) & 0xFF))
-                       + b"\xff" * page)
+            head = bytes((pb.OP_FILL, pb.selector(pb.SP_FLASH, wire), wire & 0xFF,
+                          (wire >> 8) & 0xFF, page & 0xFF))
+            seal = pb.SEAL
+            for byte in head:
+                seal ^= byte
+            port.write(head + bytes((seal,)))
             if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
-                fail("unaligned W did not return to the prompt")
+                fail("the loader refused a correctly sealed fill")
+            port.write(b"\xff" * page)
+            if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+                fail("unaligned fill did not return to the prompt")
+
+            # And the seal itself, red: one wrong bit in the address of that
+            # same frame must be refused outright. The verdict has to arrive
+            # *before* the page would have been sent - that ordering is what
+            # keeps a refusal from turning into a desync - so the probe sends
+            # no payload at all and expects the loader straight back at the
+            # command level.
+            broken = bytearray(head + bytes((seal,)))
+            broken[2] ^= 0x01
+            port.write(bytes(broken))
+            if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.NAK:
+                fail("a header with a broken seal was not refused")
+            if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != pb.PROMPT:
+                fail("the loader did not re-prompt after refusing a broken seal")
 
             loader.run_application()
             banner = port.read_exact(3, 5.0)
@@ -155,7 +186,7 @@ def main():
 
     # The surgery, decoded independently: the patched vector must land on the
     # loader, the trampoline on the application's own entry (patched-vector
-    # chips only — a boot-sectioned mega's word 0 stays the application's).
+    # chips only - a boot-sectioned mega's word 0 stays the application's).
     if patch:
         flash_words = (base + pb.SLOT) // 2
         app = open(app_bin, "rb").read()

test/pbupdate.py

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ itself with a re-timed build, and every power-fail phase is rehearsed by
 killing the device mid-write, restarting it from its flash dump, and letting
 a re-run complete the update.
 
-The boot-sectioned megas run the BOOTRST-unprogrammed profile — reset boots
-the application, whose 'L' is the application-owned loader entry — with
+The boot-sectioned megas run the BOOTRST-unprogrammed profile - reset boots
+the application, whose 'L' is the application-owned loader entry - with
 --assume-fuses standing in for the fuse read simavr cannot model.
 
 Usage: pbupdate.py <device_bin> <pureboot_elf> <update_elf> <mcu> <hz>
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class PowerFail(Exception):
 
 def assumed_fuses(pb, image):
     """Synthetic 'F' bytes for --assume-fuses: the smallest boot section
-    covering both the resident and the staging slot (two slots — what a
-    self-update needs), BOOTRST unprogrammed — the per-chip BOOTSZ ladder
+    covering both the resident and the staging slot (two slots - what a
+    self-update needs), BOOTRST unprogrammed - the per-chip BOOTSZ ladder
     and fuse byte come from the tool's own table, keyed by the update
     image's embedded signature."""
     info = pb.image_info(image)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def main():
     device = pbsim.Device(device_bin, elf, mcu, hz, base_hex, page, baud, dump, reset_hex=reset_hex)
     final = "v0"
     try:
-        # The application first — its planner output is the restore truth.
+        # The application first - its planner output is the restore truth.
         pbsim.run_tool(tool, device.pty, baud, "--flash", app_bin, "--stay")
         port, loader = connect(device)
         app_pages = pb.plan_flash(open(app_bin, "rb").read(), loader.info)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def main():
         # direction so the flash is never already at its target. The mega's
         # mid-resident-rewrite loss is exercised as a host crash instead:
         # with BOOTRST unprogrammed and the resident mid-erase, a power loss
-        # there has no reset path into the staging copy — the documented
+        # there has no reset path into the staging copy - the documented
         # cost of that profile (README).
         for kill_region, kill_hits, kill_device in (
             ("stage", 2, True),

test/pbwindow.py

@@ -2,18 +2,18 @@
 """The activation window as a behavioral duration gate.
 
 The loader's window is a counted poll loop whose per-poll cost is hand-counted
-in the source (`link::poll_cycles`) — but the loop compiles in consumer
+in the source (`link::poll_cycles`) - but the loop compiles in consumer
 context, so only the running image can prove the count. This test installs a
 real application beside the loader (the host tool's own `plan_flash` supplies
 the reset-vector surgery), starts the simulator with the line idle, and reads
 the cycle of the first transmit activity: nothing talks until the window
 closes and the application banners, so that cycle *is* the window, give or
-take a banner lead measured in microseconds. Asserted at ±2 % — one
+take a banner lead measured in microseconds. Asserted at +/-2 % - one
 mis-counted cycle per poll shifts a window by 10 % and more.
 
 Fixed-baud loaders declare their window in seconds (--seconds, the build's
 TIMEOUT). The autobaud loader's window is its calibration poll budget
-(--autobaud-polls); the seconds it amounts to are budget × 10 / f_cpu, the
+(--autobaud-polls); the seconds it amounts to are budget x 9 / f_cpu, the
 measured cost of the calibrate() wait loop this gate pins.
 """
 import argparse
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ import time
 sys.path.insert(0, str(pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parent))
 from pbsim import Device
 
-# The calibrate() budget loop's cycles per poll in the built image — what the
+# The calibrate() budget loop's cycles per poll in the built image - what the
 # README's window arithmetic rests on, verified here. A measured fact, not a
 # design constant: the wait's exit branches land where the compiler's block
 # layout puts them, and the bounded-calibration rework moved the loop from
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def load_tool(path):
 
 def compose_flash(pb, loader_bytes, app_bytes, mcu, base, page):
     """The flash image a completed programming session leaves: application
-    (with the tinies' vector surgery), loader at base — built through the
+    (with the tinies' vector surgery), loader at base - built through the
     host tool's own planner so the surgery is the shipped one, not a copy."""
     flash_size = base + pb.SLOT
     patch = not mcu.startswith("atmega") or mcu.startswith("atmega48")
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def main():
     error = (measured - expected) / expected
     ok = abs(error) <= 0.02
     print(f"  [{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] window {measured:.3f} s vs declared "
-          f"{expected:.3f} s ({error:+.1%}, gate ±2%)")
+          f"{expected:.3f} s ({error:+.1%}, gate +/-2%)")
     return 0 if ok else 1
 
 

test/pureboot_device.cpp

@@ -11,18 +11,19 @@
 // The link follows the chip's natural default (USART0 on the megas, the
 // software UART on PB0/PB1 elsewhere) unless -l overrides it: `-l usart1`
 // for the second instance, `-l sw:B5,B1` for a software build's RX,TX pins,
-// and `-l sw:D0,D1@0` where those pins are a USART's own — see the pin
+// and `-l sw:D0,D1@0` where those pins are a USART's own - see the pin
 // ownership the bridge models below.
 //
-// simavr's tiny cores decode the SPM opcode but attach no NVM module — SPM
+// simavr's tiny cores decode the SPM opcode but attach no NVM module - SPM
 // is a silent no-op (the mega's boot section has one, avr_flash). The
 // missing module is supplied here: the SPM ioctl reads SPMCSR/Z/r1:r0 and
 // implements buffer fill, page erase, page write, and CTPB, completing
 // instantly. RFLB's LPM diversion (fuse readout) stays unmodeled, so the
-// 'F' command answers with flash bytes — the tests assert transport only.
+// 'F' command answers with flash bytes - the tests assert transport only.
 //
 // On exit (or SIGTERM) the flash and EEPROM are dumped to files for a
 // ground-truth cross-check against what the host read back.
+#include <array>
 #include <csignal>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 // The parts headers (uart_pty.h) carry no C++ linkage guards of their own,
-// unlike simavr's core headers — the block covers both harmlessly.
+// unlike simavr's core headers - the block covers both harmlessly.
 extern "C" {
 #include "avr_eeprom.h"
 #include "avr_flash.h"
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ namespace {
 avr_t *avr;
 uart_pty_t uart_pty;
 bool link_software;
+avr_uart_t *hw_uart; // the pty-driven USART, for the datasheet-reset fix below
 char uart_digit = '0';
 char sw_rx_port = 'B', sw_tx_port = 'B';
 int sw_rx_bit = 0, sw_tx_bit = 1;
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ std::uint32_t reset_pc;
 volatile std::sig_atomic_t reset_requested;
 
 // -w: report the cycle of the first transmit activity, once. What the
-// activation-window gate reads — with an idle line and an application
+// activation-window gate reads - with an idle line and an application
 // installed, the first thing that ever talks is the application's banner,
 // so this cycle *is* the loader's window plus a banner lead measured in
 // microseconds. Idle pacing is skipped in this mode: there is no real-time
@@ -73,8 +75,9 @@ bool window_tx_seen;
 
 void window_first_tx()
 {
-	if (!window_report || window_tx_seen)
+	if (!window_report || window_tx_seen) {
 		return;
+	}
 	window_tx_seen = true;
 	std::println("PB_WINDOW_TX {}", avr->cycle);
 	std::fflush(stdout);
@@ -85,6 +88,18 @@ void window_uart_hook(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t, void *)
 	window_first_tx();
 }
 
+// One-wire (RX == TX in the link spec): both directions on one GPIO line
+// idling on the firmware's pull-up. The bridge then follows the pin's
+// direction the way the real wiring does: it drives only while the
+// firmware's DDR bit reads input, decodes transitions as the firmware's
+// transmit only while the firmware owns the line, ignores its own raises
+// coming back through the shared irq - and echoes every byte it drives back
+// to the pty, which is what the host-side FTDI tie does and what the host
+// tool's --one-wire mode reads back and discards.
+bool link_one_wire;
+bool mcu_owns_line;
+bool self_drive;
+
 int parse_link(std::string_view spec)
 {
 	if (spec == "usart0" || spec == "usart1") {
@@ -94,13 +109,15 @@ int parse_link(std::string_view spec)
 	}
 	if (spec.starts_with("sw")) {
 		link_software = true;
-		if (spec.size() == 2)
+		if (spec.size() == 2) {
 			return 0;
+		}
 		char owner = 0;
 		int fields =
 		    std::sscanf(spec.data() + 2, ":%c%d,%c%d@%c", &sw_rx_port, &sw_rx_bit, &sw_tx_port, &sw_tx_bit, &owner);
 		if (fields == 4 || fields == 5) {
 			sw_tx_owner = owner;
+			link_one_wire = sw_rx_port == sw_tx_port && sw_rx_bit == sw_tx_bit;
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -108,16 +125,16 @@ int parse_link(std::string_view spec)
 }
 
 // simavr 1.6's avr_flash PGERS handler erases spm_pagesize bytes starting at
-// Z & ~1 instead of the page containing Z (its PGWRT path masks correctly) —
-// hardware ignores the in-page bits (§26.8.1), so an erase issued with Z
+// Z & ~1 instead of the page containing Z (its PGWRT path masks correctly)  -
+// hardware ignores the in-page bits (section 26.8.1), so an erase issued with Z
 // anywhere inside the page wipes half the neighbouring page in simulation
 // only. Wrap the mega's registered flash ioctl and re-dispatch page erases
 // with Z forced to the page boundary; everything else passes through.
 //
 // A second gap on the boot-section-less m48s: their RWWSRE bit is the
-// temporary-buffer discard (Atmel-8271 §26.2/§26.3.1), but the stock model
-// gates its RWWSRE branch on AVR_SELFPROG_HAVE_RWW — absent on the m48
-// core — so the discard store falls through into the buffer-fill branch and
+// temporary-buffer discard (Atmel-8271 section 26.2/section 26.3.1), but the stock model
+// gates its RWWSRE branch on AVR_SELFPROG_HAVE_RWW - absent on the m48
+// core - so the discard store falls through into the buffer-fill branch and
 // plants whatever Z/R1:R0 happen to hold. Perform the silicon's discard
 // here instead.
 avr_flash_t *mega_flash;
@@ -157,7 +174,7 @@ void fix_mega_flash_erase()
 			return;
 		}
 	}
-	std::println(stderr, "device: no flash module to fix — SPM page erases may misalign");
+	std::println(stderr, "device: no flash module to fix - SPM page erases may misalign");
 }
 
 void request_reset(int)
@@ -169,8 +186,8 @@ void request_reset(int)
 
 struct tiny_nvm_t {
 	avr_io_t io;
-	std::uint8_t buffer[128];
-	std::uint8_t used[128]; // a buffer word loads once until erased — like silicon
+	std::array<std::uint8_t, 128> buffer;
+	std::array<std::uint8_t, 128> used; // a buffer word loads once until erased - like silicon
 	unsigned page;
 };
 
@@ -178,8 +195,9 @@ tiny_nvm_t nvm;
 
 int nvm_ioctl(avr_io_t *io, std::uint32_t ctl, void *)
 {
-	if (ctl != AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM)
+	if (ctl != AVR_IOCTL_FLASH_SPM) {
 		return -1;
+	}
 	auto *n = reinterpret_cast<tiny_nvm_t *>(io);
 	avr_t *mcu = io->avr;
 	std::uint8_t command = mcu->data[0x57] & 0x1f; // SPMCSR, both tinies
@@ -195,13 +213,14 @@ int nvm_ioctl(avr_io_t *io, std::uint32_t ctl, void *)
 	} else if (command == 0x03) { // PGERS
 		std::memset(mcu->flash + page_base, 0xff, n->page);
 	} else if (command == 0x05) { // PGWRT: programming only clears bits
-		for (unsigned i = 0; i < n->page; i++)
+		for (unsigned i = 0; i < n->page; i++) {
 			mcu->flash[page_base + i] &= n->buffer[i];
-		std::memset(n->buffer, 0xff, n->page);
-		std::memset(n->used, 0, n->page);
+		}
+		std::memset(n->buffer.data(), 0xff, n->page);
+		std::memset(n->used.data(), 0, n->page);
 	} else if (command == 0x11) { // CTPB
-		std::memset(n->buffer, 0xff, n->page);
-		std::memset(n->used, 0, n->page);
+		std::memset(n->buffer.data(), 0xff, n->page);
+		std::memset(n->used.data(), 0, n->page);
 	}
 	mcu->data[0x57] &= static_cast<std::uint8_t>(~0x1f); // the operation completes instantly
 	return 0;
@@ -220,9 +239,9 @@ avr_cycle_count_t tx_sample(avr_t *, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *)
 {
 	if (tx_bit < 0) {
 		// Half a bit into the start bit: a real receiver re-samples here and
-		// abandons a false start. The device's own init produces one — DDR
+		// abandons a false start. The device's own init produces one - DDR
 		// drives the pin low for the instructions until the idle level is
-		// written — and without this check that glitch decodes as a stray
+		// written - and without this check that glitch decodes as a stray
 		// byte (and would read as first transmit activity under -w).
 		if (tx_level) {
 			tx_active = 0;
@@ -234,23 +253,25 @@ avr_cycle_count_t tx_sample(avr_t *, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *)
 	}
 	if (tx_bit < 8) {
 		tx_shift = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((tx_shift >> 1) | (tx_level ? 0x80 : 0));
-		if (++tx_bit < 8)
+		if (++tx_bit < 8) {
 			return when + bit_cycles;
+		}
 		// The byte is delivered at the stop bit's sampling point (9.5 bit
-		// times), where a hardware receiver raises its RXC — not sooner: a
+		// times), where a hardware receiver raises its RXC - not sooner: a
 		// host answering before the stop bit would put its start bit on the
 		// wire while the device is still driving, which the device,
 		// transmitting, is not watching for.
 		return when + bit_cycles;
 	}
-	if (write(pty_master, &tx_shift, 1) != 1)
+	if (write(pty_master, &tx_shift, 1) != 1) {
 		std::println(stderr, "device: pty write lost a byte");
+	}
 	tx_active = 0;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 // A USART owns its TxD pin whenever its transmitter is enabled, and the port
-// register cannot drive it (§20.2 / Atmel-8271 §19.2) — which is why a
+// register cannot drive it (section 20.2 / Atmel-8271 section 19.2) - which is why a
 // bit-banged link deployed on those pins is mute until it clears UCSRnB.
 // simavr wires a USART entirely through IRQs and never touches the port pin
 // model, so the ownership does not exist there and the mute cannot happen:
@@ -260,34 +281,52 @@ avr_uart_t *tx_owner;
 
 bool tx_pin_taken()
 {
-	return tx_owner && avr_regbit_get(avr, tx_owner->txen);
+	if (!tx_owner) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (avr_regbit_get(avr, tx_owner->txen)) {
+		return true;
+	}
+	// One-wire on the USART's RXD: RXEN forces the shared pin's direction to
+	// input (section 20.7.3), so the firmware's drive goes nowhere until the
+	// release - the receive-side twin of the TXD hold.
+	return link_one_wire && avr_regbit_get(avr, tx_owner->rxen);
 }
 
 // simavr leaves TXEN set in UCSRnB out of reset, where silicon clears the
-// whole register (§20.11.3) — which would hand the pin to a USART no code has
+// whole register (section 20.11.3) - which would hand the pin to a USART no code has
 // enabled, making a freshly reset chip mute for reasons hardware does not
 // have. Reset it the way the datasheet does, so the ownership starts from
 // nobody's and only an application that really enables the USART takes it.
 void reset_tx_owner()
 {
-	if (tx_owner)
+	if (tx_owner) {
 		avr_regbit_clear(avr, tx_owner->txen);
+	}
 }
 
 void find_tx_owner()
 {
-	for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next)
+	for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next) {
 		if (io->kind && std::string_view{io->kind} == "uart" &&
 		    reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io)->name == sw_tx_owner) {
 			tx_owner = reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io);
 			reset_tx_owner();
 			return;
 		}
+	}
 	std::println(stderr, "device: no USART{} to own the software link's TX pin", sw_tx_owner);
 }
 
 void tx_hook(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t value, void *)
 {
+	if (link_one_wire && (self_drive || !mcu_owns_line)) {
+		// The bridge's own drive coming back through the shared irq, or a
+		// transition while the line is the bridge's - either way not the
+		// firmware talking: the decoder sees an idle line.
+		tx_level = 1;
+		return;
+	}
 	if (tx_pin_taken()) { // the USART holds the line; the port write goes nowhere
 		tx_level = 1;
 		return;
@@ -301,22 +340,37 @@ void tx_hook(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t value, void *)
 	tx_level = level;
 }
 
-std::uint8_t rx_queue[8192];
+std::array<std::uint8_t, 8192> rx_queue;
 unsigned rx_head, rx_tail; // ring: head = next to send
 int rx_active, rx_bit;
 std::uint8_t rx_byte;
 
 void rx_start_next();
 
+// Every level the bridge itself puts on the line goes through here, so the
+// shared-pin decoder can tell its own drive from the firmware's.
+void bridge_drive(int level)
+{
+	self_drive = true;
+	avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(level));
+	self_drive = false;
+}
+
 avr_cycle_count_t rx_step(avr_t *, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *)
 {
 	if (rx_bit < 8) {
-		avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, (rx_byte >> rx_bit) & 1);
+		bridge_drive((rx_byte >> rx_bit) & 1);
 		rx_bit++;
 		return when + bit_cycles;
 	}
 	if (rx_bit == 8) { // stop bit, plus one idle bit of margin
-		avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 1);
+		bridge_drive(1);
+		// The host-side tie: an FTDI adapter on a one-wire line reads every
+		// byte it transmits - supply that echo, which the host tool's
+		// --one-wire mode consumes as its wiring check.
+		if (link_one_wire && write(pty_master, &rx_byte, 1) != 1) {
+			std::println(stderr, "device: pty echo lost a byte");
+		}
 		rx_bit++;
 		return when + 2 * bit_cycles;
 	}
@@ -327,16 +381,38 @@ avr_cycle_count_t rx_step(avr_t *, avr_cycle_count_t when, void *)
 
 void rx_start_next()
 {
-	if (rx_active || rx_head == rx_tail)
+	if (rx_active || rx_head == rx_tail) {
 		return;
+	}
+	// The firmware is answering on the shared line: hold the byte - a real
+	// host's transmission waits out the reply on the wire too. The next
+	// poll_pty tick retries once the line is handed back.
+	if (link_one_wire && mcu_owns_line) {
+		return;
+	}
 	rx_byte = rx_queue[rx_head];
-	rx_head = (rx_head + 1) % sizeof(rx_queue);
+	rx_head = (rx_head + 1) % rx_queue.size();
 	rx_active = 1;
 	rx_bit = 0;
-	avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 0); // start bit
+	bridge_drive(0); // start bit
 	avr_cycle_timer_register(avr, bit_cycles, rx_step, nullptr);
 }
 
+// The shared pin's direction is the line's ownership: DDR-out is the
+// firmware driving a frame, DDR-in hands the line back to the bridge.
+void on_ddr(avr_irq_t *, std::uint32_t value, void *)
+{
+	const bool owns = (value >> sw_rx_bit) & 1;
+	if (mcu_owns_line && !owns) {
+		bridge_drive(1); // hand-back: a turn-based host idles here, and the cache stays truthful
+	}
+	mcu_owns_line = owns;
+	// A byte held back while the firmware answered starts from the next
+	// poll_pty tick, never from inside the DDR write itself - the port
+	// model's own pull-up re-derivation runs right after this notify and
+	// would erase a start edge raised here.
+}
+
 // A reset abandons whatever the bridge was mid-transfer: bytes still queued
 // for a chip that no longer has the context to receive them meaningfully,
 // and a decode in progress on a TX line the reset may have already changed.
@@ -352,30 +428,33 @@ void bridge_reset()
 	rx_active = 0;
 	tx_active = 0;
 	tx_level = 1;
+	mcu_owns_line = false; // avr_reset zeroed DDR: every pin reads input again
 	// Re-drive the idle line through a forced transition: ioport pin irqs are
 	// IRQ_FLAG_FILTERED, and avr_reset zeroes the port latch while the irq
-	// keeps its pre-reset cached value — so a plain raise(1) against a cached
+	// keeps its pre-reset cached value - so a plain raise(1) against a cached
 	// 1 is dropped and the device reads the line stuck low. A loader entering
 	// calibration on that line measures reset-to-first-edge as one giant
 	// pulse and mis-locks or boots the application on the first real knock.
 	// No cycles run between the two raises, so the device only ever sees the
 	// final idle-high.
-	avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 0);
-	avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 1);
+	bridge_drive(0);
+	bridge_drive(1);
 }
 
 void poll_pty()
 {
-	std::uint8_t chunk[256];
-	ssize_t got = read(pty_master, chunk, sizeof(chunk));
+	std::array<std::uint8_t, 256> chunk;
+	ssize_t got = read(pty_master, chunk.data(), chunk.size());
 	for (ssize_t i = 0; i < got; i++) {
-		unsigned next = (rx_tail + 1) % sizeof(rx_queue);
-		if (next == rx_head)
+		unsigned next = (rx_tail + 1) % rx_queue.size();
+		if (next == rx_head) {
 			break; // full: the host will retry on timeout
+		}
 		rx_queue[rx_tail] = chunk[i];
 		rx_tail = next;
 	}
-	if (got > 0)
+	// Unconditional: a byte held back while the firmware owned a shared
+	// line restarts from here once the hand-back has happened.
 	rx_start_next();
 }
 
@@ -389,19 +468,24 @@ void poll_pty()
 			std::fwrite(avr->flash, 1, avr->flashend + 1, f);
 			std::fclose(f);
 		}
-		avr_eeprom_desc_t ee = {.ee = nullptr, .offset = 0, .size = 0};
+		avr_eeprom_desc_t ee = {
+		    .ee = nullptr,
+		    .offset = 0,
+		    .size = 0,
+		};
 		if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &ee) == 0 && ee.ee && ee.size) {
-			char path[512];
-			std::snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s.eeprom", dump_path);
-			f = std::fopen(path, "wb");
+			std::array<char, 512> path;
+			std::snprintf(path.data(), path.size(), "%s.eeprom", dump_path);
+			f = std::fopen(path.data(), "wb");
 			if (f) {
 				std::fwrite(ee.ee, 1, ee.size, f);
 				std::fclose(f);
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	if (!link_software)
+	if (!link_software) {
 		uart_pty_stop(&uart_pty);
+	}
 	_exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -431,7 +515,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		           "  -w:           print PB_WINDOW_TX <cycle> at the first transmit activity and\n"
 		           "                free-run idle time (window measurement mode)\n"
 		           "  reset_hex:    reset vector (default: base with a boot section, else 0)\n"
-		           "  resume_flash: raw full-flash image loaded instead of the ELF — a prior\n"
+		           "  resume_flash: raw full-flash image loaded instead of the ELF - a prior\n"
 		           "                run's dump, for power-fail resume tests\n",
 		           argv[0]);
 		return 2;
@@ -443,8 +527,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	auto baud = static_cast<unsigned>(std::atoi(argv[6]));
 	dump_path = argv[7];
 	const bool is_mega = mcu_name.starts_with("atmega");
-	if (!link_given)
+	if (!link_given) {
 		link_software = !is_mega; // the chips' natural links: USART0, or PB0/PB1
+	}
 
 	avr = avr_make_mcu_by_name(mcu_name.data());
 	if (!avr) {
@@ -471,17 +556,17 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 		// An image past flash end would smash the simulator's heap and turn
 		// into phantom peripheral behavior (lessons: believe the size gate
-		// first) — refuse it loudly instead.
+		// first) - refuse it loudly instead.
 		if (base + fw.flashsize > avr->flashend + 1) {
-			std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} — image does not fit its slot",
+			std::println(stderr, "device: {} B at {:#x} runs past flash end {:#x} - image does not fit its slot",
 			             fw.flashsize, base, avr->flashend);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		std::memcpy(avr->flash + base, fw.flash, fw.flashsize);
 	}
 	// The boot-sectioned megas enter the loader in hardware (BOOTRST, not
-	// modeled — the argument picks the modeled fuse's target); the tinies
-	// and the boot-section-less m48s reset to word 0 like silicon — erased
+	// modeled - the argument picks the modeled fuse's target); the tinies
+	// and the boot-section-less m48s reset to word 0 like silicon - erased
 	// flash walks up into the loader, and after the host's surgery the
 	// patched vector routes there.
 	const bool boot_section = is_mega && !mcu_name.starts_with("atmega48");
@@ -490,11 +575,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	avr->codeend = avr->flashend;
 
 	// Erased EEPROM, as hardware powers up (simavr zeroes it).
-	std::uint8_t blank[1024];
-	std::memset(blank, 0xff, sizeof(blank));
-	avr_eeprom_desc_t seed = {.ee = blank, .offset = 0, .size = 0};
-	if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &seed) == 0 && seed.size <= sizeof(blank)) {
-		seed.ee = blank;
+	std::array<std::uint8_t, 1024> blank;
+	std::memset(blank.data(), 0xff, blank.size());
+	avr_eeprom_desc_t seed = {
+	    .ee = blank.data(),
+	    .offset = 0,
+	    .size = 0,
+	};
+	if (avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_GET, &seed) == 0 && seed.size <= blank.size()) {
+		seed.ee = blank.data();
 		avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_EEPROM_SET, &seed);
 	}
 
@@ -505,7 +594,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		fix_mega_flash_erase();
 	} else {
 		nvm.page = page;
-		std::memset(nvm.buffer, 0xff, sizeof(nvm.buffer));
+		std::memset(nvm.buffer.data(), 0xff, nvm.buffer.size());
 		nvm.io.kind = "tiny_nvm";
 		nvm.io.ioctl = nvm_ioctl;
 		avr_register_io(avr, &nvm.io);
@@ -518,21 +607,43 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
 		flags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
 		avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
+		// simavr leaves TXEN set out of reset where silicon clears the whole
+		// UCSR#B (section 20.11.3). Harmless to a loader that enables TXEN itself  -
+		// but a half-duplex build's receiver-only init then *drops* TXEN,
+		// and this uart model clears UDRE on that edge and never re-raises
+		// it on a later enable: the first transmitter after the hand-over
+		// waits UDRE forever, a wedge silicon does not have. Start from the
+		// datasheet's zero, as the software bridge's tx-owner model does.
+		for (avr_io_t *io = avr->io_port; io; io = io->next) {
+			if (io->kind && std::string_view{io->kind} == "uart" &&
+			    reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io)->name == uart_digit) {
+				hw_uart = reinterpret_cast<avr_uart_t *>(io);
+			}
+		}
+		if (hw_uart) {
+			avr_regbit_clear(avr, hw_uart->txen);
+		}
 		uart_pty_init(avr, &uart_pty);
 		uart_pty_connect(&uart_pty, uart_digit);
-		if (window_report)
+		if (window_report) {
 			avr_irq_register_notify(avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GETIRQ(uart_digit), UART_IRQ_OUTPUT),
 			                        window_uart_hook, nullptr);
+		}
 		std::println("PB_PTY {}", uart_pty.pty.slavename);
 	} else {
 		bit_cycles = (avr->frequency + baud / 2) / baud; // matches uart.hpp's own rounding exactly
-		if (sw_tx_owner)
+		if (sw_tx_owner) {
 			find_tx_owner();
+		}
 		rx_pin = avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_rx_port), static_cast<unsigned>(sw_rx_bit));
 		avr_irq_register_notify(
 		    avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_tx_port), static_cast<unsigned>(sw_tx_bit)), tx_hook,
 		    nullptr);
-		avr_raise_irq(rx_pin, 1); // idle line
+		if (link_one_wire) {
+			avr_irq_register_notify(avr_io_getirq(avr, AVR_IOCTL_IOPORT_GETIRQ(sw_rx_port), IOPORT_IRQ_DIRECTION_ALL),
+			                        on_ddr, nullptr);
+		}
+		bridge_drive(1); // idle line
 
 		int slave;
 		struct termios raw;
@@ -553,8 +664,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	long since_poll = 0;
 	for (;;) {
 		int state = avr_run(avr);
-		if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed)
+		if (state == cpu_Done || state == cpu_Crashed) {
 			break;
+		}
 		if (reset_requested) {
 			reset_requested = 0;
 			avr_reset(avr);
@@ -564,6 +676,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 				avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_GET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
 				flags &= ~AVR_UART_FLAG_POLL_SLEEP;
 				avr_ioctl(avr, AVR_IOCTL_UART_SET_FLAGS(uart_digit), &flags);
+				if (hw_uart) { // and simavr's bogus reset TXEN (section 20.11.3: zero)
+					avr_regbit_clear(avr, hw_uart->txen);
+				}
 			} else {
 				bridge_reset();
 				reset_tx_owner();
@@ -574,14 +689,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			poll_pty();
 			// An unthrottled idle simulation runs the activation window out
 			// from under the host's real-time knock cadence: a 1 MHz build's
-			// 8 s window is 8 M cycles — tens of wall milliseconds — so a
+			// 8 s window is 8 M cycles - tens of wall milliseconds - so a
 			// first knock lost to an in-flight reset misses the window
 			// entirely. Pace the simulation only while the bridge is fully
 			// quiet (nothing decoding, nothing queued); transfers keep full
 			// speed, and a quiet window stretches toward real time.
-			if (!window_report && !rx_active && !tx_active && rx_head == rx_tail)
+			if (!window_report && !rx_active && !tx_active && rx_head == rx_tail) {
 				usleep(200);
 			}
 		}
+	}
 	finish(0);
 }

test/test_handshake.py

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
 
 `_handshake` drains the line after it sees a prompt, to absorb a real loader's
 trailing bytes before it asks for the identity. That drain must be bounded: a
-target that never falls quiet — a board stuck in a reset loop presents exactly
+target that never falls quiet - a board stuck in a reset loop presents exactly
 this, ~60 reboots/s of UART-reset garbage in which a stray 0x2b reads as a
-prompt — otherwise spins the tool forever. Regression for that hang, plus a
+prompt - otherwise spins the tool forever. Regression for that hang, plus a
 control that a well-behaved loader still connects.
 
 The handshake must also survive its own leftovers: after `--stay` the loader's
 final prompt can still be in the USB pipeline when the next invocation opens
 the port, and on a board wired to reset on open, that opening starts a fresh
-activation window the stale prompt then betrays — the tool commits to an
+activation window the stale prompt then betrays - the tool commits to an
 identity read against a device that never heard its knock, and what it finally
 collects is the application's banner. StaleDTRPort is that moment as a port.
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class StaleDTRPort:
     session's final prompt is still in transit and lands only after the
     opening flush has already run; the reset holds the device off the line
     at first, eating anything written before it completes; and the fresh
-    window is finite — once it expires the application boots and prints a
+    window is finite - once it expires the application boots and prints a
     banner whose bytes are what a pending identity read collects. A
     handshake that trusts the stale prompt spends the whole window waiting
     on a device that never heard its knock; one that drains the line first
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ def main():
     check("well-behaved loader still connects (version 5)", info.version == 5)
 
     # the stale prompt: a --stay leftover plus reset-on-open must not burn the
-    # fresh window — the pre-knock drain absorbs it and the first real knock
+    # fresh window - the pre-knock drain absorbs it and the first real knock
     # lands inside the window.
     try:
         stale_ok = pb.Loader(StaleDTRPort()).connect(2.5).version == 5

test/test_planner.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Host-tool unit tests — the planning and policy logic, no simulator:
+"""Host-tool unit tests - the planning and policy logic, no simulator:
 programming orders and their recovery properties, the reset-vector surgery,
 the staging composition, the boot-fuse decode, and the update preflight over
 fuse combinations simavr cannot model.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def main():
         "newer tool",
     )
 
-    # mega_boot: BOOTSZ words and the BOOTRST sense per chip — the fuse byte
+    # mega_boot: BOOTSZ words and the BOOTRST sense per chip - the fuse byte
     # index (EXTENDED on the x8 line except the m328s' HIGH, HIGH elsewhere)
     # and the per-family ladders (Atmel-2486/2466/2503/2545/8271/DS40002065/
     # 8272/8011/2593/42719). Synthetic 'F' replies: only the boot byte
@@ -114,15 +114,15 @@ def main():
                 fail(f"mega_boot {signature[1]:02x}{signature[2]:02b} unprogrammed: {prog} {at:#07x}")
 
     # Word-addressed info decode: the 1284P's base and page ride the wire
-    # scaled — a 17-bit base halved into the block's two bytes, a 256-byte page
-    # spelled 0 — and its slot is the same 512 bytes as everywhere else, so its
+    # scaled - a 17-bit base halved into the block's two bytes, a 256-byte page
+    # spelled 0 - and its slot is the same 512 bytes as everywhere else, so its
     # staging slot lands inside the 1 KiB minimum boot section.
     big = info_of(pb, 0x1FE00, 0, False, 0x20000, signature=(0x1E, 0x97, 0x05), word_flash=True)
     if big.page != 256 or big.base != 0x1FE00 or big.stage != 0x1FC00:
         fail(f"word-addressed info decode: page {big.page}, base {big.base:#x}, stage {big.stage:#x}")
 
     # Surgery: word 0 lands on the loader, the trampoline on the original
-    # entry — checked with an independent decoder.
+    # entry - checked with an independent decoder.
     app = bytes((0xC0 | 0x00, 0xC0)) + bytes((0x12,)) * 300  # rjmp .+0x00C0... entry word 0xC0C0
     entry = rjmp_decode(app[0] | (app[1] << 8), 0, tiny.flash_size // 2)
     pages = pb.plan_flash(app, tiny)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def main():
 
     # Staging content: the identical image plus the through-word on a
     # patched-vector chip; hard size clamps either way.
-    image = bytes(range(256)) * 2  # 512 B — too big for a tiny slot
+    image = bytes(range(256)) * 2  # 512 B - too big for a tiny slot
     expect_error("tiny staging size", lambda: pb.staging_content(image, tiny), "510")
     staged = pb.staging_content(image[:508], tiny)
     through = staged[510] | (staged[511] << 8)
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def main():
 
     # The image stamp: found in a synthetic binary, absent in noise. pureboot
     # 5 stamps the magic, its version and the signature, and the geometry is
-    # looked up from there — so what comes back must equal what a live device
+    # looked up from there - so what comes back must equal what a live device
     # of the same chip reports.
     stamp = bytes((0x50, 0x42, pb.NEWEST_LOADER)) + bytes(tiny.signature)
     binary = bytes((0xAA,)) * 10 + stamp + bytes((0xBB,)) * 10
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def main():
 
     # The 1284s' smallest boot section (512 words) is exactly the resident
     # slot plus its staging slot, so self-update is possible at the minimum
-    # BOOTSZ — no fuse step up, the 644's geometry. That holds only while a
+    # BOOTSZ - no fuse step up, the 644's geometry. That holds only while a
     # slot is 512 B: at 1 KiB the staging slot would fall outside the section
     # and the preflight would refuse.
     notes = pb.update_preflight(bytes((0xAA,)) * 8 + big.raw, big, fuses(0xFE))
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def main():
     if device.writes != pb.RETRIES + 1:
         fail(f"unrepairable page took {device.writes} writes, expected {pb.RETRIES + 1}")
 
-    # The knock handshake against a device that is not listening yet — the
+    # The knock handshake against a device that is not listening yet - the
     # state a port open leaves behind: it resets the chip into a fresh
     # activation window while the previous session's prompt is still in
     # flight, so the first knock is lost and a prompt arrives anyway.

test/test_scan.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """--scan's walk and report logic, no simulator: the probe order, the rate
 arithmetic, and the advice's direction. The rate physics itself is not
-sim-testable — a pty carries bytes at any termios rate — so what the wire
+sim-testable - a pty carries bytes at any termios rate - so what the wire
 would arbitrate is pinned here as logic instead.
 
 Usage: test_scan.py <tool_py>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def main():
         fail(f"the absolute clock must scale with the found ratio:\n{report}")
 
     # The walk's rates mostly have no termios B-constant, so the POSIX port
-    # must set them through termios2 — probed on a pty, which accepts the
+    # must set them through termios2 - probed on a pty, which accepts the
     # ioctl without caring about the speed. Without this every off-nominal
     # probe would abort the walk on the platform --scan matters most on.
     if os.name == "posix":

test/test_update_link.py

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 
 `--update-loader` installs the new image in the staging slot and then *enters
 it* to have it rewrite the resident. That copy is the new image, so it speaks the
-new image's baud and backend — but the host was talking to the *resident*. Where
+new image's baud and backend - but the host was talking to the *resident*. Where
 the two differ, the host kept knocking at the old rate in the old mode, the
 staging copy never answered, and the update stranded: staging installed, resident
 untouched, and on a 1 KiB tiny the application region (which *is* the staging
 slot there) already gone.
 
-The wire cannot be probed for this — 512 bytes of position-independent code carry
-no header saying what rate they were built for — so the operator declares it, and
+The wire cannot be probed for this - 512 bytes of position-independent code carry
+no header saying what rate they were built for - so the operator declares it, and
 a mismatch with nothing declared has to say so instead of reporting a bare
 timeout.
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ P = F = 0
 def check(name, ok, detail=""):
     global P, F
     P, F = P + (1 if ok else 0), F + (0 if ok else 1)
-    print(f"  [{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] {name}" + (f" — {detail}" if detail else ""))
+    print(f"  [{'PASS' if ok else 'FAIL'}] {name}" + (f" - {detail}" if detail else ""))
 
 
 class TwoLinkPort:

test/tsbtest.py

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class Host:
         self._expect(CONFIRM, "C end")
         return echo
 
-    # Activation when the config page carries a password: 3×'@' then the
+    # Activation when the config page carries a password: 3x'@' then the
     # password bytes, then the info block + mainloop '!'.
     def activate_password(self, password):
         self.s.reset_input_buffer()
@@ -167,6 +167,20 @@ class Host:
         self._expect(CONFIRM, "emergency mainloop ready")
 
 
+    # A wrong password byte hangs the loader, still draining the line. Two
+    # things must not happen: it must not activate, and it must not fall
+    # through to the emergency erase - a byte the gate has already refused
+    # reaching the erase would let a guess wipe the part.
+    def refuse_password(self, byte):
+        self.s.reset_input_buffer()
+        self.s.write(bytes([KNOCK, KNOCK, KNOCK, byte]))
+        return self.s.read(1)
+
+    def say(self, byte):
+        self.s.write(bytes([byte]))
+        return self.s.read(1)
+
+
 def check(cond, msg):
     if not cond:
         raise AssertionError(msg)
@@ -181,7 +195,7 @@ PW_BYTES = bytes([0x50, 0x57])
 
 def scenario_roundtrip(host):
     """Activation + info block + flash/EEPROM/config read-write round-trips, on
-    a device with a blank (erased) config page — the usual no-password case."""
+    a device with a blank (erased) config page - the usual no-password case."""
     info = host.activate()
     check(info[0:3] == b"TSB", f"magic 'TSB' (got {info[0:3]!r})")
     check(info[6:9] == bytes([0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F]), f"signature 1E 95 0F (got {info[6:9].hex()})")
@@ -219,6 +233,15 @@ def scenario_emergency(host):
     check(host.read_eeprom(1) == b"\xff" * PAGE, "EEPROM wiped")
 
 
+def scenario_wrong_password(host):
+    """A wrong password byte neither activates the loader nor opens the
+    emergency erase behind it - the oracle carries a dedicated fix for the
+    second, and nothing here exercised either half."""
+    check(host.refuse_password(PW_BYTES[0] ^ 1) == b"", "a wrong password byte draws no reply")
+    check(host.say(0x00) == b"", "a 0 byte after it does not request the erase")
+    check(host.say(CONFIRM) == b"", "and neither does a confirm")
+
+
 def main():
     binary, elf, boot_base = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]
     failures = []
@@ -229,6 +252,7 @@ def main():
         ("round-trip", None, scenario_roundtrip),
         ("password activation", PW_CONFIG, scenario_password),
         ("emergency erase", PW_CONFIG, scenario_emergency),
+        ("wrong password", PW_CONFIG, scenario_wrong_password),
     ]
     for name, config, fn in groups:
         print(f"--- {name} ---")

tools/check.sh

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-# The port's gate: every chip's generated workflow — build, size matrix, and
+# The port's gate: every chip's generated workflow - build, size matrix, and
 # the simulator-driven protocol suites. --full adds the reflect-spot builds
 # (libavr's rule: reflect compiles are bounded to its spot set, never the
 # full matrix) and swaps the compact size matrix for the exhaustive
-# clock × baud × backend cross product. libavr resolves from the `libavr/`
+# clock x baud x backend cross product. libavr resolves from the `libavr/`
 # submodule; LIBAVR_ROOT overrides it for a working tree.
 set -e
 cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
@@ -11,32 +11,55 @@ cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
 full=0
 [[ "$1" == "--full" ]] && { full=1; shift; export PUREBOOT_FULL_MATRIX=1; }
 
-CHIPS=(attiny13 attiny13a attiny25 attiny45 attiny85
-       atmega8 atmega8a atmega16 atmega16a atmega32 atmega32a
-       atmega48 atmega48a atmega48p atmega48pa
-       atmega88 atmega88a atmega88p atmega88pa
-       atmega168 atmega168a atmega168p atmega168pa
-       atmega328 atmega328p
-       atmega164a atmega164p atmega164pa
-       atmega324a atmega324p atmega324pa
-       atmega644 atmega644a atmega644p atmega644pa
-       atmega1284 atmega1284p)
-REFLECT_SPOT=(attiny13a attiny85 atmega8 atmega16a atmega32a atmega48pa
-              atmega88 atmega168pa atmega328p atmega164a atmega644p atmega1284)
+# The chip lists come from the presets rather than being spelled a second time
+# here: a chip added to make_presets.py and missed in a copy of its list would
+# be a gate that silently never builds it, which is the one failure mode a gate
+# cannot report. tools/make_presets.py is the single source, CMakePresets.json
+# is its output, and this reads that.
+readarray -t WORKFLOWS < <(python3 -c '
+import json, sys
+presets = json.load(open("CMakePresets.json"))["workflowPresets"]
+print("\n".join(p["name"] for p in presets))')
+if ((${#WORKFLOWS[@]} == 0)); then
+	echo "no workflow presets in CMakePresets.json - run tools/make_presets.py" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+CHIPS=()
+REFLECT_SPOT=()
+for workflow in "${WORKFLOWS[@]}"; do
+	case $workflow in
+	*-generated) CHIPS+=("${workflow%-generated}") ;;
+	*-reflect) REFLECT_SPOT+=("${workflow%-reflect}") ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+# Every preset runs even after one goes red, and the gate fails at the end
+# naming all of them: stopping at the first failure turns a red - a stale size
+# canary above all - into an alibi for every chip behind it, and a loader can
+# ship on a chip this gate has not compiled since.
+red=()
+run_preset() {
+	echo "==== $1 ===="
+	cmake --workflow --preset "$1" "${@:2}" || red+=("$1")
+}
 
 for chip in "${CHIPS[@]}"; do
-	echo "==== $chip ===="
-	cmake --workflow --preset "$chip-generated" "$@"
+	run_preset "$chip-generated" "$@"
 done
 
 if ((full)); then
 	for chip in "${REFLECT_SPOT[@]}"; do
-		echo "==== $chip reflect ===="
-		cmake --workflow --preset "$chip-reflect" "$@"
+		run_preset "$chip-reflect" "$@"
 	done
 fi
 
-# Every tree is freshly built now — the one moment the README's size table
+if ((${#red[@]})); then
+	printf '==== red presets ====\n' >&2
+	printf '  %s\n' "${red[@]}" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# Every tree is freshly built now - the one moment the README's size table
 # can be held to what the images measure (a per-preset ctest sees only its
 # own chip; the table needs all of them, and ungated it drifts: a
 # common-code shave moves every row at once with nothing over budget).

tools/make_presets.py

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-"""Regenerate CMakePresets.json — one uniform pipeline per chip.
+"""Regenerate CMakePresets.json - one uniform pipeline per chip.
 
 Every chip gets generated-mode configure/build/test presets and a workflow
-running all three. Reflect-mode presets (configure + build, no tests — the
+running all three. Reflect-mode presets (configure + build, no tests - the
 port's TUs compile identically; the sims prove nothing new there) exist for
 libavr's reflect spot set only, mirroring its rule: the full reflect matrix
 is never built, one chip per hardware class and pack vintage is.
 
-Run from the repo root: tools/make_presets.py — or with --check, which
+Run from the repo root: tools/make_presets.py - or with --check, which
 verifies the committed file matches this generator and edits nothing (the
 ctest entry `presets.generated` runs that, so drift reds the gate).
 """
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def main():
     if "--check" in sys.argv[1:]:
         current = open(path).read() if os.path.exists(path) else ""
         if current != rendered:
-            print("CMakePresets.json does not match its generator — run tools/make_presets.py")
+            print("CMakePresets.json does not match its generator - run tools/make_presets.py")
             return 1
         return 0
     with open(path, "w") as f:

tools/pbhw.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 *board*: that the loader actually installed on it answers, that the memories
 round-trip over the real link, that the application it flashes runs afterwards,
 and that the refusals which keep a 512-byte slot alive still fire. Run it once
-when a board is brought up, and again whenever the deployment moves — a new
+when a board is brought up, and again whenever the deployment moves - a new
 clock, a new backend, new pins.
 
 Every check derives its bounds from the info block the loader itself reports, so
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class Suite:
         """The info block, which every later check takes its bounds from."""
         module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
         self.rig.reset()
-        port = module.Port(self.rig.d.port, self.rig.d.baud)
+        port = self.rig.open_port()  # wrapped for the echo where the line is shared
         try:
             loader = module.Loader(port)
             if self.rig.d.autobaud:
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class Suite:
             info = loader.info
             self.check("identity read", True, info.describe())
             return info
-        except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 — a dead link is a result
+        except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 - a dead link is a result
             self.check("identity read", False, str(error)[:70])
             return None
         finally:
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class Suite:
     def scan(self) -> None:
         """The --scan walk against real termios and a real oscillator: every
         probe rate must open a port (the off-nominal rates exist only through
-        termios2), and one probe must answer — the nominal on a healthy board,
+        termios2), and one probe must answer - the nominal on a healthy board,
         a neighbor on a drifted one. The rig injects the one reset per probe
         the operator supplies in the field; this is the rate physics the
         simulator cannot arbitrate (a pty carries bytes at any rate), pinned
@@ -87,7 +87,10 @@ class Suite:
                 rate = module.scan_rate(self.rig.d.baud, pct)
                 self.rig.reset()
                 try:
-                    port = module.Port(self.rig.d.port, rate)
+                    # Same wrap as identity(): on a shared line an undiscarded
+                    # echo answers every rate a scan probes, so the walk would
+                    # report the first one it tried.
+                    port = self.rig.open_port(rate)
                 except module.Error as error:
                     self.check("scan opens every probe rate", False, f"{rate} Bd: {error}")
                     return
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@ class Suite:
                     continue
                 finally:
                     port.close()
-        except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 — a rig hiccup is a result
+        except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 - a rig hiccup is a result
             self.check("scan walks the probe ladder", False, str(error)[:70])
             return
         self.check("scan finds the board's rate", found is not None,
@@ -129,18 +132,28 @@ class Suite:
         got = erased.read_bytes() if erased.exists() else b""
         self.check("EEPROM erase leaves 0xff", got == b"\xff" * size, f"{len(got)} B")
 
-    def application(self, info, app: pathlib.Path, marker: str) -> None:
+    def application(self, info, app: pathlib.Path, marker: str,
+                    marker_wait: float = 2.5) -> None:
         rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--flash", str(app), "--verify-flash", str(app))
         self.check(f"application flash + verify ({app.name})", rc == 0, self._brief(out))
 
         if marker:
             # The tool hands over as it ends its session, so the application is
-            # already running; opening the port does not reset a board whose DTR
-            # is unwired, so this simply listens.
-            data = self.rig.capture(seconds=2.5)
+            # already running - but only on a board whose DTR is unwired, where
+            # opening a port simply listens. Where DTR *is* wired to reset (an
+            # Arduino, most USB-serial dev boards), this open resets the part
+            # and the activation window comes first, so a marker emitted once at
+            # startup happens on the far side of a wait this cannot know the
+            # length of: the window is a compile-time constant and nothing on
+            # the wire reports it. Hence --marker-wait, and a fixture that
+            # repeats its banner (PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT) rather than saying it once.
+            data = self.rig.capture(seconds=marker_wait)
             seen = marker.encode() in data
             sample = "".join(chr(b) if 32 <= b < 127 else "." for b in data[:40])
-            self.check(f"application runs (emits {marker!r})", seen, f"|{sample}|")
+            self.check(f"application runs (emits {marker!r})", seen,
+                       f"|{sample}|" if seen or data else
+                       f"nothing in {marker_wait:g} s - if this board resets when its port "
+                       f"opens, that wait has to outlast the activation window")
 
         back = self.work / "app-back.bin"
         rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--read-flash", str(back))
@@ -148,33 +161,140 @@ class Suite:
         self.check("application flash reads back", rc == 0 and len(got) == info.base,
                    f"{len(got)} B of {info.base}")
 
-    def erase_and_guard(self, info, loader_image: pathlib.Path | None) -> None:
+    def _witness(self, info, slot_length: int):
+        """Read back the erased region and the loader slot: (erased, slot, how).
+
+        Prefers ISP, because an independent reader is the only one that can
+        testify about a loader just asked to erase around itself. Where no
+        programmer is attached the link answers instead - which is weaker for
+        exactly the reason it is worth having, a destroyed loader being unable
+        to report anything at all. The two are never printed under one word:
+        an absent probe is a fact about the bench, a wrong byte is a verdict on
+        the loader, and a check that conflates them stops being read.
+        """
+        limit = info.base - 2 if info.patch_vector else info.base
+        whole = self.work / "whole.bin"
+        if self.rig.read_memory("flash", whole, "r"):
+            image = whole.read_bytes()
+            image += b"\xff" * (info.flash_size - len(image))
+            return image[0:limit], image[info.base:info.base + slot_length], "ISP"
+
+        module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
+        port = self.rig.open_port()
+        try:
+            loader = module.Loader(port)
+            if self.rig.d.autobaud:
+                loader.connect_autobaud(self.rig.d.wait)
+            else:
+                loader.connect(self.rig.d.wait)
+            return (loader.read_flash(0, limit),
+                    loader.read_flash(info.base, slot_length),
+                    "the link, no probe attached - the loader's own account")
+        except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 - a dead link is a result
+            print(f"  skip  slot checks: no programmer, and the link did not "
+                  f"answer either ({str(error)[:60]})")
+            return None, None, ""
+        finally:
+            try:
+                port.close()
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+                pass
+
+    def erase_and_slot(self, info, loader_image: pathlib.Path | None) -> None:
         rc, out = self.rig.pureboot("--erase-flash")
         self.check("application region erases", rc == 0, self._brief(out))
 
-        # The slot must be untouched by an application erase, which only an
-        # independent read can show — so this one goes over ISP, not the link.
-        whole = self.work / "whole.bin"
-        if not self.rig.read_memory("flash", whole, "r"):
-            self.check("loader slot survives the erase", False, "ISP read failed")
+        want = loader_image.read_bytes() if loader_image and loader_image.exists() else b""
+        erased, slot, how = self._witness(info, len(want))
+        if erased is None:
             return
-        image = whole.read_bytes()
-        image += b"\xff" * (info.flash_size - len(image))
 
         # Erased application flash, up to the trampoline word the host composes
         # on a patched-vector part.
         limit = info.base - 2 if info.patch_vector else info.base
         self.check("erased application region is 0xff",
-                   set(image[0:limit]) <= {0xFF}, f"0x0000..{limit:#06x}")
+                   set(erased) <= {0xFF}, f"0x0000..{limit:#06x} via {how}")
 
-        if loader_image and loader_image.exists():
-            want = loader_image.read_bytes()
-            got = image[info.base:info.base + len(want)]
-            self.check("loader slot survives the erase", got == want,
-                       f"{len(want)} B at {info.base:#06x}")
+        if want:
+            self.check("loader slot survives the erase", slot == want,
+                       f"{len(want)} B at {info.base:#06x} via {how}")
         else:
             print("  skip  loader slot comparison (pass --loader <image.bin>)")
 
+    def seal(self, info, rounds: int = 1) -> None:
+        """The seal, adversarially, over the real link.
+
+        pureboot 9 has no running-slot guard: what stops a mangled command from
+        erasing the loader is the seal and nothing else. So this aims the worst
+        command the protocol has - an SPM erase at the loader's own first page -
+        and damages one header byte at a time. Every one must come back NAK with
+        the slot untouched and the session still in step.
+
+        On a board whose link drops or mangles bytes of its own accord this is
+        also the stress test: `--seal-rounds` repeats it, and a link fault
+        during a round is indistinguishable to the loader from the damage being
+        injected, which is the point.
+        """
+        module = pbrig.load_pureboot(self.rig.d.pureboot)
+        self.rig.reset()
+        port = self.rig.open_port()
+        try:
+            loader = module.Loader(port)
+            if self.rig.d.autobaud:
+                loader.connect_autobaud(self.rig.d.wait)
+            else:
+                loader.connect(self.rig.d.wait)
+            if loader.info.version < module.SEALED_LOADER:
+                print(f"  skip  seal checks (loader is pureboot {loader.info.version})")
+                return
+
+            head_of = lambda dmg: self._sealed(module, module.OP_WRITE, module.SP_SPM,
+                                               info.base, module.SPM_ERASE, dmg)
+            refused = 0
+            attempts = 0
+            for _ in range(rounds):
+                for index in range(6):
+                    attempts += 1
+                    port.write(head_of((index, 0x01)))
+                    verdict = port.read_exact(1, 5.0)
+                    if verdict != module.NAK:
+                        self.check(f"damaged byte {index} refused", False,
+                                   f"verdict {verdict.hex()}")
+                        return
+                    if port.read_exact(1, 5.0) != module.PROMPT:
+                        self.check(f"re-prompt after byte {index}", False, "no prompt")
+                        return
+                    refused += 1
+            self.check("damaged headers refused", refused == attempts,
+                       f"{refused}/{attempts}, every header byte")
+            self.check("session still in step", loader.identity().raw == info.raw)
+
+            # And the slot itself, read back over the link: the loader is the
+            # thing that would have been erased, so its own account of its
+            # first bytes is a real witness - an erased page reads all 0xff.
+            head = loader.read_flash(info.base, 16)
+            self.check("loader slot intact", set(head) != {0xFF}, head[:8].hex())
+        except Exception as error:  # noqa: BLE001 - a dead link is a result
+            self.check("seal checks", False, str(error)[:70])
+        finally:
+            try:
+                port.close()
+            except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+                pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sealed(module, op, space, address, count, damage=None):
+        """A sealed header, damaged after sealing - the shape a link fault has."""
+        head = bytearray((op, module.selector(space, address), address & 0xFF,
+                          (address >> 8) & 0xFF, count & 0xFF))
+        seal = module.SEAL
+        for byte in head:
+            seal ^= byte
+        out = bytearray(head + bytes((seal,)))
+        if damage:
+            out[damage[0]] ^= damage[1]
+        return bytes(out)
+
     def refusals(self, info) -> None:
         # One word too many: a patched-vector part spends the slot's last word
         # on the trampoline, so its application stops two bytes short.
@@ -187,7 +307,7 @@ class Suite:
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------- run
 
     def run(self, app: pathlib.Path | None, loader_image: pathlib.Path | None,
-            marker: str) -> int:
+            marker: str, marker_wait: float = 2.5, seal_rounds: int = 1) -> int:
         print("identity")
         info = self.identity()
         if info is None:
@@ -203,12 +323,15 @@ class Suite:
 
         if app:
             print("\napplication")
-            self.application(info, app, marker)
+            self.application(info, app, marker, marker_wait)
         else:
             print("\nskip  application checks (pass --app <image.hex>)")
 
-        print("\nerase and the write guard")
-        self.erase_and_guard(info, loader_image)
+        print("\nerase and the slot boundary")
+        self.erase_and_slot(info, loader_image)
+
+        print("\nthe seal")
+        self.seal(info, seal_rounds)
 
         print("\nrefusals")
         self.refusals(info)
@@ -221,14 +344,20 @@ class Suite:
 def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="hardware acceptance suite for one pureboot deployment",
-        epilog="overwrites the board's application flash and EEPROM — back them up first")
+        epilog="overwrites the board's application flash and EEPROM - back them up first")
     pbrig.Deployment.add_arguments(parser)
     parser.add_argument("--app", type=pathlib.Path,
                         help="application image to flash (test/pbapp.cpp built for this deployment)")
     parser.add_argument("--loader", type=pathlib.Path,
                         help="the resident loader's .bin, to prove the slot survives an erase")
+    parser.add_argument("--seal-rounds", type=int, default=1,
+                        help="repeat the adversarial seal sweep N times (a lossy board's stress test)")
     parser.add_argument("--marker", default="",
                         help="text the application emits when it runs, e.g. APP")
+    parser.add_argument("--marker-wait", type=float, default=2.5,
+                        help="seconds to listen for it. On a board whose DTR is wired to "
+                             "reset, opening the port resets the part, so this must outlast "
+                             "the activation window (default 2.5)")
     args = parser.parse_args(argv)
 
     rig = pbrig.Rig(pbrig.Deployment.from_args(args))
@@ -236,7 +365,8 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
           f"{' (autobaud)' if args.autobaud else ''}")
     print("this overwrites the application flash and EEPROM\n")
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="pbhw-") as temporary:
-        return Suite(rig, pathlib.Path(temporary)).run(args.app, args.loader, args.marker)
+        return Suite(rig, pathlib.Path(temporary)).run(args.app, args.loader, args.marker,
+                                                      args.marker_wait, args.seal_rounds)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tools/pbrig.py

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 
 The simulated suites (`test/pb*.py`) prove the protocol; this drives the same
 loader on real silicon, where the things a cycle-exact simulator cannot model
-live — an RC oscillator off its nominal, a reset edge that has to come from
+live - an RC oscillator off its nominal, a reset edge that has to come from
 somewhere, a serial bridge with its own idea of what a baud is.
 
 Nothing here knows a port name, a part or a programmer. Every deployment fact
 arrives from the command line or the environment, so the same script serves any
 board: see `Deployment`. As a module it is the reset/flash/talk primitives that
 `pbhw.py` builds its acceptance suite from; as a command it is the handful of
-one-shot operations worth having on a rig — most importantly `backup`, which is
+one-shot operations worth having on a rig - most importantly `backup`, which is
 the only thing standing between a fuse experiment and an unrecoverable part.
 
 Two rig facts are encoded here because they are not guessable and cost a
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ session each to learn:
 
 * **An ISP access resets the part**, and it runs again the moment the programmer
   releases it. That is the only reset edge available when the serial adapter's
-  DTR is not wired to reset — so a loader session begins with an ISP touch and
+  DTR is not wired to reset - so a loader session begins with an ISP touch and
   knocks immediately after, which is what `Rig.pureboot()` does.
 * **avrdude splits `-U memory:op:file:format` on colons**, so a Windows path's
   drive letter breaks the spec. Every file argument is therefore passed as a
@@ -63,20 +63,15 @@ def bitclock_for(hz: int) -> str:
     """A safe ISP bitclock for a part *currently running* at `hz`.
 
     SCK must stay under a quarter of the target clock, so the bitclock follows
-    the clock in force — not the one about to be fused in. Halving that ceiling
+    the clock in force - not the one about to be fused in. Halving that ceiling
     again costs nothing on a link that moves a few hundred bytes and buys margin
     against an oscillator that is already known to be off its nominal.
     """
     ceiling = hz // 8
-    for candidate in (1000, 4000, 8000, 32000, 125000, 400000):
-        if candidate <= ceiling:
-            best = candidate
-        else:
-            break
-    else:
-        best = 400000
-    if ceiling < 1000:
+    rungs = (1000, 4000, 8000, 32000, 125000, 400000)
+    if ceiling < rungs[0]:
         raise Error(f"a part at {hz} Hz is too slow to reach over ISP safely")
+    best = max(rung for rung in rungs if rung <= ceiling)
     return f"{best // 1000}kHz"
 
 
@@ -87,6 +82,7 @@ class Deployment:
     port: str = ""              # serial device the loader speaks on
     baud: int = 57600           # host rate; for autobaud, the rate to drive
     autobaud: bool = False      # send the calibration pulse instead of p+b
+    one_wire: bool = False      # shared line: the host discards its own echo
     programmer: str = ""        # avrdude -c
     part: str = ""              # avrdude -p
     avrdude: str = "avrdude"
@@ -101,6 +97,7 @@ class Deployment:
             port=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_PORT", ""),
             baud=int(os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_BAUD", "57600")),
             autobaud=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_AUTOBAUD", "") not in ("", "0"),
+            one_wire=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_ONE_WIRE", "") not in ("", "0"),
             programmer=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_PROGRAMMER", ""),
             part=os.environ.get("PUREBOOT_PART", ""),
             avrdude=os.environ.get("AVRDUDE", "avrdude"),
@@ -117,6 +114,8 @@ class Deployment:
                             help="host rate (for autobaud, the rate to drive)")
         parser.add_argument("--autobaud", action="store_true", default=env.autobaud,
                             help="send the calibration pulse instead of the p+b knock")
+        parser.add_argument("--one-wire", action="store_true", default=env.one_wire,
+                            help="shared line: pass the tool its echo discard")
         parser.add_argument("--programmer", default=env.programmer, help="avrdude -c, e.g. atmelice_isp")
         parser.add_argument("--part", default=env.part, help="avrdude -p, e.g. t13 or m328p")
         parser.add_argument("--avrdude", default=env.avrdude, help="path to avrdude")
@@ -128,12 +127,13 @@ class Deployment:
     @classmethod
     def from_args(cls, args: argparse.Namespace) -> "Deployment":
         return cls(port=args.port, baud=args.baud, autobaud=args.autobaud,
+                   one_wire=args.one_wire,
                    programmer=args.programmer, part=args.part, avrdude=args.avrdude,
                    bitclock=args.bitclock, pureboot=args.pureboot, wait=args.wait)
 
 
 def load_pureboot(path: pathlib.Path = DEFAULT_PUREBOOT):
-    """The host tool as a module — its Port and Loader, not a subprocess.
+    """The host tool as a module - its Port and Loader, not a subprocess.
 
     Used where a subprocess cannot express what is needed: a poke followed by a
     peek in the *same* session, or a raw read at an arbitrary baud.
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class Rig:
     def pureboot(self, *args: str, reset_first: bool = True, baud: int | None = None,
                  autobaud: bool | None = None, timeout: int = 300,
                  bitclock: str | None = None) -> tuple[int, str]:
-        """Reset, then knock immediately — see the module docstring.
+        """Reset, then knock immediately - see the module docstring.
 
         Returns the host tool's exit status and its combined output, so a caller
         can assert on what it printed as well as on whether it succeeded.
@@ -267,6 +267,8 @@ class Rig:
                    "--wait", str(self.d.wait)]
         if self.d.autobaud if autobaud is None else autobaud:
             command.append("--autobaud")
+        if self.d.one_wire:
+            command.append("--one-wire")
         command += [str(a) for a in args]
         try:
             result = subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=timeout)
@@ -274,11 +276,27 @@ class Rig:
             return 99, f"TIMEOUT after {timeout}s\n{expired.stdout or ''}{expired.stderr or ''}"
         return result.returncode, (result.stdout or "") + (result.stderr or "")
 
+    def open_port(self, baud: int | None = None):
+        """A port opened the way this deployment says to speak to the board.
+
+        Everything the rig runs as a *subprocess* gets its flags from
+        `pureboot()` above; anything that drives the protocol in-process has
+        to reach the same facts, and until this existed only the subprocess
+        path could. A shared line is the one where that gap is fatal rather
+        than untidy: the host reads back every byte it writes, so an
+        undiscarded echo answers the knock before the device does. Open
+        through here and a one-wire deployment cannot be silently driven as
+        a two-wire one.
+        """
+        module = load_pureboot(self.d.pureboot)
+        port = module.Port(self.d.port, self.d.baud if baud is None else baud)
+        return module.OneWirePort(port) if self.d.one_wire else port
+
     def capture(self, seconds: float = 2.0, baud: int | None = None) -> bytes:
         """Listen to whatever the board is saying, at an arbitrary rate.
 
         Opening the port does not reset a board whose DTR is unwired, so this can
-        sample a running application repeatedly without disturbing it — which is
+        sample a running application repeatedly without disturbing it - which is
         what makes the rate sweep below possible.
         """
         module = load_pureboot(self.d.pureboot)
@@ -304,7 +322,7 @@ def measure_rate(rig: Rig, marker: bytes, built_baud: int, nominal_hz: int | Non
     """Find a transmitting board's true bit rate, using only the serial port.
 
     The board must be emitting something recognisable at a *fixed* cycles-per-bit
-    — `test/pbapp.cpp` built with PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT does. Since its bit timing is
+    - `test/pbapp.cpp` built with PUREBOOT_HEARTBEAT does. Since its bit timing is
     a cycle count, its wire rate scales with its actual clock, so the host rates
     at which `marker` still decodes bracket that rate; the centre of the band is
     the answer, and with the clock the image was built for it gives the real one.
@@ -407,7 +425,7 @@ def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
             for baud, size, hit in result["samples"]:
                 print(f"  {baud:7d} Bd  {size:5d} B  {'MARKER' if hit else ''}")
         if not result["clean"]:
-            print(f"no capture contained {args.marker!r} at any rate — is the board "
+            print(f"no capture contained {args.marker!r} at any rate - is the board "
                   f"transmitting, and on the pin this port is wired to?")
             return 1
         print(f"clean band  {result['low']}..{result['high']} Bd")

tools/sizes.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 The size matrix asserts every image fits its slot; it says nothing about the
 numbers the README prints, and those drift. Every row of that table was eight
-bytes stale once `startup::caller_page()` landed — common code, so every build
+bytes stale once `startup::caller_page()` landed - common code, so every build
 moved at once and no test noticed, because none of them was over budget.
 
 Two questions, both answered from built trees:
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ Two questions, both answered from built trees:
   sizes.py check-readme   the README's per-chip table against what is built
 
 Nothing here knows a chip's geometry. The (image, budget) pairs come from each
-build's own `CTestTestfile.cmake` — the same values the gate checks — so the
+build's own `CTestTestfile.cmake` - the same values the gate checks - so the
 slot rules stay where they belong, in `pureboot/CMakeLists.txt`, and a chip
 added or a budget changed needs no edit here. Only trees a configure preset
 still owns are read: a stale directory keeps its last build, and a loader built
 before a slot changed will happily report a size that was true once
 (`tools/prune-build-trees.sh` in libavr removes them).
 
-Sizes come from `avr-size`, and a target is only as current as its last build —
+Sizes come from `avr-size`, and a target is only as current as its last build -
 run the gate first if you want the table checked against today's source.
 """
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 
 ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
-# add_test(<name>.size ... -DELF=<path> ... -DLIMIT=<n> ...) — the gate's own
+# add_test(<name>.size ... -DELF=<path> ... -DLIMIT=<n> ...) - the gate's own
 # pairing of an image with the budget it must fit.
 # ctest writes the name as a bracket argument ([=[name.size]=]) and quotes the
 # rest, so the name starts after the bracket and the path ends at the quote.
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def preset_dirs() -> list[pathlib.Path]:
     listing = subprocess.run(["cmake", "--list-presets"], cwd=ROOT, capture_output=True, text=True)
     names = re.findall(r'^\s*"(.+)"$', listing.stdout, re.MULTILINE)
     if not names:
-        sys.exit("cmake --list-presets returned nothing — run from a configured checkout")
+        sys.exit("cmake --list-presets returned nothing - run from a configured checkout")
     return [d for d in (ROOT / "build" / n for n in names) if (d / "CTestTestfile.cmake").is_file()]
 
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def collect() -> dict[str, list[tuple[str, int, int]]]:
     sizes = measure([elf for rows in found.values() for _, elf, _ in rows], tool)
     # A chip's generated and reflect trees must answer with the same bytes
     # (the identity invariant), so the same target measuring two sizes means
-    # a stale tree — or an identity breach. Either is a finding; picking one
+    # a stale tree - or an identity breach. Either is a finding; picking one
     # silently is how a gate reports another build's numbers as today's.
     for chip, rows in found.items():
         seen: dict[str, tuple[int, str]] = {}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def collect() -> dict[str, list[tuple[str, int, int]]]:
                 continue
             if name in seen and seen[name][0] != sizes[elf]:
                 sys.exit(f"{chip} {name}: {seen[name][0]} B in {seen[name][1]} but "
-                         f"{sizes[elf]} B in {elf} — a stale tree (rebuild or remove it) "
+                         f"{sizes[elf]} B in {elf} - a stale tree (rebuild or remove it) "
                          f"or a cross-mode identity breach")
             seen.setdefault(name, (sizes[elf], elf))
     measured = {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def collect() -> dict[str, list[tuple[str, int, int]]]:
 def cmd_max(args) -> int:
     measured = collect()
     if not measured:
-        sys.exit("nothing built — configure and build a preset first")
+        sys.exit("nothing built - configure and build a preset first")
     over = []
     print(f"{'chip':<13} {'largest image':<34} {'.text':>6} {'budget':>7}  headroom")
     for chip, rows in measured.items():
@@ -129,14 +129,16 @@ def cmd_max(args) -> int:
     tightest = min(((chip, n, t, l) for chip, rows in measured.items() for n, t, l in rows),
                    key=lambda row: row[3] - row[2])
     chip, name, text, limit = tightest
-    print(f"tightest fit: {chip} {name} — {text} of {limit}, {limit - text} B spare")
+    print(f"tightest fit: {chip} {name} - {text} of {limit}, {limit - text} B spare")
     return 0
 
 
 def cmd_check_readme(args) -> int:
     """The README's per-chip table, against the stock build and the worst
     autobaud configuration (OSCCAL baked, plus the USART-pin release where
-    the chip has a USART) — the config the Autobaud column documents."""
+    the chip has a USART; the one-wire fold of the same build is its twin
+    and competes for the same cell) - the config the Autobaud column
+    documents."""
     readme = (ROOT / "pureboot" / "README.md").read_text()
     measured = collect()
     rows = re.findall(r"^\|\s*(AT\w+[^|]*?)\s*\|[^|]*\|[^|]*\|[^|]*\|\s*(\d+) B\s*\|\s*(\d+) B\s*\|$",
@@ -145,11 +147,19 @@ def cmd_check_readme(args) -> int:
         sys.exit("no size table found in pureboot/README.md")
     bad = skipped = 0
     for chips, stock_doc, auto_doc in rows:
-        # "ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA †" — the first name is the family's base.
+        # "ATmega48, 48A, 48P, 48PA" plus any footnote mark - the first name
+        # is the family's base, and the sub strips the rest.
         chip = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]", "", chips.split(",")[0].strip().lower())
         built = {name: text for name, text, _ in measured.get(chip, [])}
-        worst = ("pureboot_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0"
-                 if "pureboot_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0" in built else "pureboot_autobaud_osccal")
+        # The on-USART pair defines the column where the chip has a USART;
+        # the default-pin pair is the whole space elsewhere. Whichever twin
+        # measures larger is the number the cell must state.
+        candidates = [name for name in ("pureboot_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0",
+                                        "pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal_on_usart0") if name in built]
+        if not candidates:
+            candidates = [name for name in ("pureboot_autobaud_osccal",
+                                            "pureboot_1w_autobaud_osccal") if name in built]
+        worst = max(candidates, key=lambda name: built[name], default="pureboot_autobaud_osccal")
         for target, documented in (("pureboot", stock_doc), (worst, auto_doc)):
             if target not in built:
                 skipped += 1
@@ -158,8 +168,14 @@ def cmd_check_readme(args) -> int:
                 print(f"  {chip:<12} {target:<18} README says {documented} B, built is {built[target]} B")
                 bad += 1
     if bad:
-        print(f"\n{bad} row(s) stale — update pureboot/README.md")
+        print(f"\n{bad} row(s) stale - update pureboot/README.md")
         return 1
+    # A row whose target was not built is only skipped, so a chip-name change
+    # or a build tree that holds nothing would otherwise skip every row and
+    # report a match over an empty comparison.
+    if skipped == 2 * len(rows):
+        sys.exit(f"none of the {len(rows)} README rows matched a built image - "
+                 f"refusing to report a match over nothing")
     print(f"README size table matches every built image ({len(rows)} rows"
           + (f", {skipped} not built" if skipped else "") + ")")
     return 0

tsb/tsb_asm.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr — tier 3: full feature parity in the 512-byte boot
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr - tier 3: full feature parity in the 512-byte boot
 // section, in C++ except where the C ABI itself is the cost.
 //
-// The complete TinySafeBoot feature set — watchdog-reset bail, one-wire
+// The complete TinySafeBoot feature set - watchdog-reset bail, one-wire
 // half-duplex UART, a config-page activation timeout, the password gate,
-// emergency erase, and config/flash/EEPROM read-write — at 510 bytes in the
-// 512-byte BOOTSZ=11 section the hand-written oracle occupies (500 B). This tier used to be one
-// monolithic inline-asm routine; it is now the tricks tier's C++ (same
-// register protocol, same structure — see tsb_tricks.cpp, including the
-// global-register miscompile rules) with exactly two routines kept in
-// assembly, the two whose remaining cost *is* the calling convention:
+// emergency erase, and config/flash/EEPROM read-write - inside the 512-byte
+// BOOTSZ=11 section the hand-written oracle occupies (oracle/README.md holds
+// what each tier measures, in one table rather than four). The
+// body is the tricks tier's C++ (same register protocol, same structure - see
+// tsb_tricks.cpp, including the global-register miscompile rules) with exactly
+// two routines kept in assembly, the two whose remaining cost *is* the calling
+// convention:
 //
 //   rx     the bounded receive: C++ must re-floor the timeout window on every
 //          call (the global-register-store miscompile) and split it across
@@ -16,12 +17,12 @@
 //          countdown.
 //   store  the page-store loop: C++ cannot hold the receive byte pair and the
 //          walked Z pointer across the rx calls without call-saved staging
-//          (push/pop + a Y→Z copy per word); the asm calls rx knowing exactly
+//          (push/pop + a Y->Z copy per word); the asm calls rx knowing exactly
 //          which registers it touches and walks Z live across the whole page.
 //
-// Everything else — bring-up, activation, password gate, emergency erase,
+// Everything else - bring-up, activation, password gate, emergency erase,
 // dispatch, every SPM/EEPROM/flash primitive, every geometry/baud/info
-// constant — is C++ on libavr, and the two asm routines splice into the same
+// constant - is C++ on libavr, and the two asm routines splice into the same
 // global-register protocol the C++ uses (g_addr in Y, g_cnt in r16, g_window
 // in r7, g_receiving in r6), so calls cross the boundary with no marshalling.
 //
@@ -41,10 +42,16 @@ namespace hw = avr::hw;
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
+// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
+// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
+// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
+// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
+constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
+
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
 constexpr std::uint8_t knock = '@';
@@ -57,28 +64,34 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 512;
 constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
 constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
 
-// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window (the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz).
-constexpr std::uint8_t act_min = 16;
+// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
+// it follows the clock rather than restating it (rule 41).
+constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((16_MHz).hz / 1'000'000);
 // Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
 constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
 
 constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
 
 // Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud.
-constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd);
+constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd, 8, avr::uart::parity::none);
+
+// One bit time on the wire: the turn-around a shared-line peer needs to stop
+// driving before this one starts. Derived from the solved rate, so it follows
+// the link rather than a count measured against one.
+constexpr auto guard_cycles = static_cast<std::uint32_t>((16_MHz).hz / baud.actual);
 
 // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
 // clang-format off
-[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr std::uint8_t info[16] = {
+[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr auto info = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
-    0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F, // ATmega328P signature
+    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
     page / 2,         // page size in words
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8,
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA,
-};
+});
 // clang-format on
 
 register std::uint16_t g_addr asm("r28");
@@ -94,7 +107,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 // Bounded byte receive (asm 1 of 2): release the one-wire line on a direction
 // change, poll RXC0 under the oracle's nested X-register countdown seeded from
 // g_window (floored against lockout), byte or 0-on-silence in r24. Z survives
-// — the property the store's word loop rides on.
+// - the property the store's word loop rides on.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t rx()
 {
 	std::uint8_t byte;
@@ -115,7 +128,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	             "	brne	3b			\n\t"
 	             "	sbiw	r26, 1			\n\t"
 	             "	brcc	2b			\n\t"
-	             "	clr	%[b]			\n\t" // silence → 0, which no compare accepts
+	             "	clr	%[b]			\n\t" // silence -> 0, which no compare accepts
 	             "	rjmp	5f			\n\t"
 	             "4:	lds	%[b], %[udr0]		\n\t"
 	             "5:					\n\t"
@@ -129,14 +142,13 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 // One-wire transmit: take the line (TXEN0 alone) on a direction change with a
 // turn-around guard, put the byte out, hold the line until the whole frame is
 // out (TXC0, not UDRE0), W1C TXC0 by storing the sampled status back (keeps
-// U2X0). Plain C++ — it compiles *smaller* than the oracle's routine.
+// U2X0). Plain C++ - it compiles *smaller* than the oracle's routine.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
 	if (g_receiving) {
 		g_receiving = 0;
 		hw::ucsr0b::write(hw::ucsr0b::txen0(1));
-		for (std::uint8_t guard = 46; guard; --guard)
-			;
+		avr::delay::cycles<guard_cycles>();
 	}
 	hw::udr0::write(byte);
 	std::uint8_t status;
@@ -153,7 +165,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return rx();
 }
 
-// One flash byte ← [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret — the
+// One flash byte <- [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret - the
 // global-register rule, see tsb_tricks.cpp).
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t sflash()
 {
@@ -162,18 +174,18 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte ← [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte <- [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t eerd()
 {
-	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read(g_addr);
+	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read<no_spm>(g_addr);
 	++g_addr;
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte → [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte -> [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void eewr(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
-	ee::write<off>(g_addr, byte);
+	ee::write<off, no_spm>(g_addr, byte);
 	++g_addr;
 }
 
@@ -185,7 +197,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	} while (--g_cnt);
 }
 
-// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section — after every page
+// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section - after every page
 // op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void settle()
 {
@@ -201,12 +213,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	tsb_app();
 }
 
-// Step g_addr one page down and erase that page (the decrement lives here —
+// Step g_addr one page down and erase that page (the decrement lives here  -
 // the global-register rule).
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void erase_below()
 {
 	g_addr -= page;
-	spm::erase_page<off>(g_addr);
+	spm::command<off>(spm::op::erase, g_addr);
 	settle();
 }
 
@@ -221,7 +233,7 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 }
 
 // Stream one host page into the erased flash page at g_addr (asm 2 of 2): the
-// word pair stages in r0:r1 straight from rx (whose register set is known —
+// word pair stages in r0:r1 straight from rx (whose register set is known  -
 // the cross-call liveness C++ cannot express), Z walks the page and PGWRT
 // programs it. g_addr is left at the next page base.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void store_flash()
@@ -256,11 +268,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
 	// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
+	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
 		appjump();
+	}
 
 	// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
-	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low
+	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use - only the divisor low
 	// byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work.
 	static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
 	hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
@@ -271,13 +284,15 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	// same reason.
 	g_receiving = 0;
 
-	// Activation: 3×'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
-	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else —
-	// including silence — hands over.
+	// Activation: 3x'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
+	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else  -
+	// including silence - hands over.
 	g_window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2));
-	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k)
-		if (rx() != knock)
+	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k) {
+		if (rx() != knock) {
 			appjump();
+		}
+	}
 	g_window = comm_window;
 
 	// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
@@ -291,17 +306,19 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(g_addr)) & mask;
 		++g_addr;
 		if (expected == 0xff) {
-			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(&info[0]);
+			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info.data());
 			g_cnt = sizeof(info);
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
 		if (got == 0) {
-			if (mask == 0)
+			if (mask == 0) {
 				continue;
-			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm)
+			}
+			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm) {
 				appjump();
+			}
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0 for the EEPROM walk
 			do {
 				eewr(0xff);
@@ -310,9 +327,10 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			erase_below();
 			break;
 		}
-		if (got != expected)
+		if (got != expected) {
 			mask = 0;
 		}
+	}
 
 	for (;;) {
 		tx(confirm); // Mainloop ready
@@ -320,23 +338,27 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		switch (rx()) {
 		case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm)
+				if (rx() != confirm) {
 					break;
+				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				sendf();
-				if (g_addr >= app_end)
+				if (g_addr >= app_end) {
 					break;
 				}
+			}
 			break;
 		case 'F':                // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0, the write start
-			while (rcnf() == confirm)
+			while (rcnf() == confirm) {
 				store_flash();
+			}
 			break;
 		case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm)
+				if (rx() != confirm) {
 					break;
+				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				do {
 					tx(eerd());
@@ -358,8 +380,9 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
-			if (rcnf() != confirm)
+			if (rcnf() != confirm) {
 				break;
+			}
 			g_addr = app_end + page;
 			erase_below(); // leaves g_addr = app_end, the store target
 			store_flash();
@@ -373,14 +396,6 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 } // namespace
 } // namespace tsb
 
-// Reset lands here: BOOTRST vectors to the boot section base and .vectors is
-// laid first, so this is the first instruction executed. No crt ran, so set
-// the stack pointer before anything is called.
-extern "C" [[gnu::naked, gnu::used, gnu::section(".vectors")]] void __boot_entry()
-{
-	SP = RAMEND;
-	// The one line of crt this loader needs: compiled code assumes
-	// __zero_reg__ (r1) is 0, and power-on registers are undefined.
-	asm volatile("clr __zero_reg__");
-	tsb::run();
-}
+// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
+// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
+template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;

tsb/tsb_policy.cpp

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr — the policy floor: pureboot's rules, measured.
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr - the policy floor: pureboot's rules, measured.
 //
-// The full TinySafeBoot feature set — watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
+// The full TinySafeBoot feature set - watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
 // config-page activation timeout, password gate, emergency erase, and
-// config/flash/EEPROM read-write — under philosophy #5 exactly as pureboot
+// config/flash/EEPROM read-write - under philosophy #5 exactly as pureboot
 // obeys it: no assembly, no register variables; code, attributes, and flags
-// only. Every lesson pureboot's development produced is applied — the
+// only. Every lesson pureboot's development produced is applied - the
 // library's half-duplex serial and startup entry, lean bring-up from reset
 // state, one merged send loop over both memories, oracle-shaped loop bounds,
-// locals threaded through noinline primitives, pureboot's codegen flags —
-// and the result is 638 bytes: 198 below the idiomatic tier, and 126 above
-// the 512 B boot section the tricks/asm tiers reach with the banned
-// mechanisms (526/510). This tier exists to keep that number an artifact
-// rather than a claim: the gap to 512 is the rent of policy-clean C++ —
+// locals threaded through noinline primitives, pureboot's codegen flags  -
+// and the result sits below the idiomatic tier and above the 512 B boot
+// section the tricks/asm tiers reach with the banned mechanisms
+// (oracle/README.md holds all four). This tier exists to keep that gap an
+// artifact
+// rather than a claim: the gap to 512 is the rent of policy-clean C++  -
 // helpers that hold a cursor across rx()/tx() pay push/pop and argument
 // threading where a global-register protocol pays nothing, and both
 // control-flow merges tried (a parametrized paged session, a merged store
@@ -32,16 +33,29 @@ namespace ee = avr::eeprom;
 
 using dev = avr::device<{.clock = 16_MHz}>;
 // One-wire: RX and TX share the line, exactly as the native-UART TSB expects.
-using serial_t = dev::uart0<{.baud = 115200_Bd, .max_baud_error = 3_pct, .half_duplex = true}>;
+// 115200 at 16 MHz lands +2.1 % off, past the receiver-tolerance table the
+// solver holds rates to - the oracle's own deployment has run there for a
+// decade, so the override states that it is meant.
+using serial_t = dev::uart0<{
+    .baud = 115200_Bd,
+    .allow_baud_error = true,
+    .half_duplex = true,
+}>;
 inline constexpr serial_t serial{};
 
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
+// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
+// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
+// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
+// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
+constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
+
 // The handshake bytes, identical across every TSB host.
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
@@ -55,8 +69,9 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 1024;
 constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
 constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
 
-// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window (the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz).
-constexpr std::uint8_t act_min = 16;
+// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
+// it follows the clock rather than restating it (rule 41).
+constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(dev::clock.hz / 1'000'000);
 // Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
 constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
 
@@ -65,7 +80,7 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 27;
 
 // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
 // clang-format off
-[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr std::uint8_t info[16] = {
+[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr auto info = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
@@ -74,7 +89,7 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 27;
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8, // app-flash boundary, words
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA,       // ATmega processor-type marker (bytes 14 == 15)
-};
+});
 // clang-format on
 
 // The receive window, pre-floored where it is set. In .noinit: there is no
@@ -87,8 +102,8 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 }
 
 // Bounded byte receive: poll under nested countdowns, 0 on silence. The 0
-// then falls through every compare — not a knock, not a confirm, not a
-// command — so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
+// then falls through every compare - not a knock, not a confirm, not a
+// command - so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
 // anywhere, and a mid-session cable pull cannot wedge it. The line release on
 // a direction change is the serial backend's.
 [[gnu::noinline]] std::uint8_t rx()
@@ -97,8 +112,9 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	do {
 		std::uint8_t fine = 0;
 		do {
-			if (auto byte = serial.read())
+			if (auto byte = serial.read()) {
 				return *byte;
+			}
 		} while (--fine);
 	} while (--outer);
 	return 0;
@@ -123,18 +139,18 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 [[gnu::noinline]] void send_block(bool eep, std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t count)
 {
 	do {
-		tx(eep ? ee::read(at) : avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)));
+		tx(eep ? ee::read<no_spm>(at) : avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)));
 		++at;
 	} while (--count);
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte in — shared by the emergency wipe and the 'E' stream.
+// One EEPROM byte in - shared by the emergency wipe and the 'E' stream.
 [[gnu::noinline]] void eeput(std::uint16_t at, std::uint8_t value)
 {
-	ee::write<off>(at, value);
+	ee::write<off, no_spm>(at, value);
 }
 
-// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section — after every page
+// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section - after every page
 // op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
 [[gnu::noinline]] void settle()
 {
@@ -142,19 +158,20 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	spm::rww_enable<off>();
 }
 
-// One host page straight into the erased flash page at `at` — through the SPM
-// word buffer (low byte then high), no SRAM staging — then committed. `at`
+// One host page straight into the erased flash page at `at` - through the SPM
+// word buffer (low byte then high), no SRAM staging - then committed. `at`
 // names a page base, so the cursor's low byte reaching the boundary ends the
 // walk.
 [[gnu::noinline]] void store_flash_page(std::uint16_t at)
 {
+	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(at);
 	do {
 		std::uint8_t low = rx();
 		std::uint8_t high = rx();
-		spm::fill<off>(at, std::bit_cast<std::uint16_t>(std::array{low, high}));
+		spm::fill<off>(open, at, std::bit_cast<std::uint16_t>(std::array{low, high}));
 		at += 2;
 	} while (static_cast<std::uint8_t>(at) & (page - 1));
-	spm::write_page<off>(at - page);
+	spm::command<off>(spm::op::write, at - page);
 	settle();
 }
 
@@ -166,12 +183,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	tsb_app();
 }
 
-// Step one page down and erase it — the erase shared by the whole-app walk,
+// Step one page down and erase it - the erase shared by the whole-app walk,
 // the config rewrite and the emergency wipe; hands the stepped address back.
 [[gnu::noinline]] std::uint16_t erase_below(std::uint16_t at)
 {
 	at -= page;
-	spm::erase_page<off>(at);
+	spm::command<off>(spm::op::erase, at);
 	settle();
 	return at;
 }
@@ -192,27 +209,30 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
 	// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
+	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
 		appjump();
+	}
 
 	// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
-	// 0, and the half-duplex write()/read() raise TXEN0/RXEN0 on first use —
+	// 0, and the half-duplex write()/read() raise TXEN0/RXEN0 on first use  -
 	// only the divisor low byte and U2X0 need a store. The solver still does
 	// the datasheet work; the asserts pin the reset-state assumptions.
 	{
-		constexpr auto sol = avr::uart::solve_baud(dev::clock, 115200_Bd);
+		constexpr auto sol = avr::uart::solve_baud(dev::clock, 115200_Bd, 8, avr::uart::parity::none);
 		static_assert(sol.u2x && sol.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
 		avr::hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(sol.ubrr));
 		avr::hw::ucsr0a::write(avr::hw::ucsr0a::u2x0(1));
 	}
 
-	// Activation: 3×'@', each inside the config page's timeout window
-	// (floored so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else —
-	// including silence — hands over.
+	// Activation: 3x'@', each inside the config page's timeout window
+	// (floored so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else  -
+	// including silence - hands over.
 	window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | act_min;
-	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k)
-		if (rx() != knock)
+	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k) {
+		if (rx() != knock) {
 			appjump();
+		}
+	}
 	window = comm_window;
 
 	// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
@@ -226,15 +246,17 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(at)) & mask;
 		++at;
 		if (expected == 0xff) {
-			send_block(false, reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(&info[0]), sizeof info);
+			send_block(false, reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info.data()), info.size());
 			break;
 		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
 		if (got == 0) {
-			if (mask == 0)
+			if (mask == 0) {
 				continue;
-			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm)
+			}
+			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm) {
 				appjump();
+			}
 			std::uint16_t a = erase_application();
 			do {
 				eeput(a, 0xff);
@@ -242,9 +264,10 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			erase_below(app_end + page);
 			break;
 		}
-		if (got != expected)
+		if (got != expected) {
 			mask = 0;
 		}
+	}
 
 	for (;;) {
 		tx(confirm); // Mainloop ready
@@ -252,22 +275,25 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		switch (command) {
 		case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
 			for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a < app_end; a += page) {
-				if (rx() != confirm)
+				if (rx() != confirm) {
 					break;
+				}
 				send_block(false, a, page);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
 			for (std::uint16_t a = 0;; a += page) {
-				if (rx() != confirm)
+				if (rx() != confirm) {
 					break;
+				}
 				send_block(true, a, page);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'F': { // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
 			std::uint16_t a = erase_application();
-			for (; rcnf() == confirm; a += page)
+			for (; rcnf() == confirm; a += page) {
 				store_flash_page(a);
+			}
 			break;
 		}
 		case 'E': // take EEPROM pages behind '?', each write host-paced
@@ -284,8 +310,9 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			send_block(false, app_end, page);
 			break;
 		case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
-			if (rcnf() != confirm)
+			if (rcnf() != confirm) {
 				break;
+			}
 			store_flash_page(erase_below(app_end + page));
 			goto read_config;
 		default: // 'q' or any other byte runs the application
@@ -299,4 +326,4 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 
 // Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
 // is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
-template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run>;
+template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;

tsb/tsb_pure.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr — tier 1: pure, idiomatic C++.
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr - tier 1: pure, idiomatic C++.
 //
 // A serial flash bootloader for the ATmega328P boot section, reimplementing the
 // TinySafeBoot native-UART fixed-baud protocol on libavr with the full feature
 // set of the hand-written oracle: a watchdog-reset bail, one-wire half-duplex,
 // a config-page activation timeout, the password gate, emergency erase, and
-// config/flash/EEPROM read-write. This variant is written for clarity —
+// config/flash/EEPROM read-write. This variant is written for clarity  -
 // well-factored functions, no compiler-specific size hacks, no inline assembly.
 // The one-wire wiring, the flash-resident info block and every SPM/EEPROM lock
 // are libavr's to handle; the only attribute is the naked reset entry that
@@ -20,16 +20,29 @@ namespace ee = avr::eeprom;
 
 using dev = avr::device<{.clock = 16_MHz}>;
 // One-wire: RX and TX share the line, exactly as the native-UART TSB expects.
-using serial_t = dev::uart0<{.baud = 115200_Bd, .max_baud_error = 3_pct, .half_duplex = true}>;
+// 115200 at 16 MHz lands +2.1 % off, past the receiver-tolerance table the
+// solver holds rates to - the oracle's own deployment has run there for a
+// decade, so the override states that it is meant.
+using serial_t = dev::uart0<{
+    .baud = 115200_Bd,
+    .allow_baud_error = true,
+    .half_duplex = true,
+}>;
 inline constexpr serial_t serial{};
 
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
+// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
+// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
+// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
+// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
+constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
+
 // The handshake bytes, identical across every TSB host.
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
@@ -50,26 +63,48 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
 // The 16-byte device-info block the host reads on activation. A flash_table
 // keeps it in progmem with no .data image (there is no crt to copy one).
 // clang-format off
-inline constexpr std::array<std::uint8_t, 16> info_data = {
+inline constexpr auto info_data = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status byte (native-UART fixed-baud lineage)
-    0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F, // ATmega328P signature
+    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
     page / 2,         // page size in words
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8, // app-flash boundary, words
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA, // ATmega processor-type marker (bytes 14 == 15)
-};
+});
 // clang-format on
 using info = avr::flash_table<info_data>;
 
-// Blocking byte read/write over the one-wire line: read() releases the line to
-// the receiver, write() takes it and holds it until the frame is out.
+// The lockout-proof floor for the receive window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
+// it follows the clock rather than restating it.
+constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(dev::clock.hz / 1'000'000);
+
+// The receive window, pre-floored where it is set. In .noinit: there is no crt
+// to clear a .bss image, and run() stores it before the first receive.
+[[gnu::section(".noinit")]] std::uint8_t window;
+
+// Bounded byte read over the one-wire line - read() releases the line to the
+// receiver - answering 0 on silence. That 0 falls through every compare below:
+// not a knock, not a confirm, not a command, so a silent host unwinds the
+// loader to the application from anywhere and a mid-session cable pull cannot
+// wedge it. The oracle lists that timeout among its own fixes, and a blocking
+// read is how a tier loses it.
 std::uint8_t rx()
 {
-	return serial.read_blocking();
+	std::uint16_t outer = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(window) << 8;
+	do {
+		std::uint8_t fine = 0;
+		do {
+			if (auto byte = serial.read()) {
+				return *byte;
+			}
+		} while (--fine);
+	} while (--outer);
+	return 0;
 }
 
+// write() takes the line and holds it until the frame is out.
 void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
 	serial.write(byte);
@@ -83,14 +118,16 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 // Stream `count` bytes to the host, from flash (LPM) or from EEPROM.
 void send_flash(std::uint16_t addr, std::uint8_t count)
 {
-	while (count--)
+	while (count--) {
 		tx(avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(addr++)));
+	}
 }
 
 void send_eeprom(std::uint16_t addr, std::uint8_t count)
 {
-	while (count--)
-		tx(ee::read(addr++));
+	while (count--) {
+		tx(ee::read<no_spm>(addr++));
+	}
 }
 
 // Prompt the host with '?' and report whether it answered '!'.
@@ -101,32 +138,33 @@ bool request_confirm()
 }
 
 // Stream one page from the host straight into the already-erased flash page at
-// `addr`, filling the SPM word buffer low byte then high — no SRAM staging, so
+// `addr`, filling the SPM word buffer low byte then high - no SRAM staging, so
 // receiving and programming are the same loop.
 void store_flash_page(std::uint16_t addr)
 {
+	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(addr);
 	for (std::uint16_t i = 0; i < page; i += 2) {
 		std::uint8_t lo = rx();
 		std::uint8_t hi = rx();
-		spm::fill<off>(addr + i, static_cast<std::uint16_t>(lo | (hi << 8)));
+		spm::fill<off>(open, addr + i, static_cast<std::uint16_t>(lo | (hi << 8)));
 	}
-	spm::write_page<off>(addr);
-	spm::wait();
+	spm::write_page<spm::from::boot_section, off>(addr); // blocking: waits the write out
 }
 
 // Stream one page from the host straight into EEPROM, byte by byte.
 void store_eeprom_page(std::uint16_t addr)
 {
-	for (std::uint16_t i = 0; i < page; ++i)
-		ee::write<off>(addr + i, rx());
+	for (std::uint16_t i = 0; i < page; ++i) {
+		ee::write<off, no_spm>(addr + i, rx());
+	}
 }
 
-// Erase one flash page and wait it out — the erase step shared by the whole-app
-// erase, the config-page rewrite and the emergency wipe.
+// Erase one flash page, waited out by the blocking spelling - the erase step
+// shared by the whole-app erase, the config-page rewrite and the emergency
+// wipe.
 void erase_page(std::uint16_t addr)
 {
-	spm::erase_page<off>(addr);
-	spm::wait();
+	spm::erase_page<spm::from::boot_section, off>(addr);
 }
 
 // Erase the whole application, one page at a time, top-down as the reference
@@ -157,8 +195,9 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app();
 void read_flash()
 {
 	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a < app_end; a += page) {
-		if (rx() != confirm)
+		if (rx() != confirm) {
 			return;
+		}
 		send_flash(a, page);
 	}
 }
@@ -167,8 +206,9 @@ void read_flash()
 void read_eeprom()
 {
 	for (std::uint16_t a = 0;; a += page) {
-		if (rx() != confirm)
+		if (rx() != confirm) {
 			return;
+		}
 		send_eeprom(a, page);
 	}
 }
@@ -178,22 +218,25 @@ void read_eeprom()
 void write_flash()
 {
 	erase_application();
-	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page)
+	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page) {
 		store_flash_page(a);
+	}
 }
 
 // 'E': take pages the host offers behind '?' into EEPROM.
 void write_eeprom()
 {
-	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page)
+	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; request_confirm(); a += page) {
 		store_eeprom_page(a);
+	}
 }
 
 // 'C': replace the config page, then echo it back for the host to verify.
 void write_config()
 {
-	if (!request_confirm())
+	if (!request_confirm()) {
 		return;
+	}
 	erase_page(app_end);
 	store_flash_page(app_end);
 	spm::rww_enable<off>();
@@ -206,8 +249,9 @@ void write_config()
 void emergency_erase()
 {
 	erase_application();
-	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a <= eeprom_end; ++a)
-		ee::write<off>(a, 0xff);
+	for (std::uint16_t a = 0; a <= eeprom_end; ++a) {
+		ee::write<off, no_spm>(a, 0xff);
+	}
 	erase_page(app_end);
 	spm::rww_enable<off>();
 }
@@ -222,45 +266,54 @@ gate password_gate()
 {
 	for (const std::uint8_t *pw = flash_ptr(app_end + 3);; ++pw) {
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(pw);
-		if (expected == 0xff)
+		if (expected == 0xff) {
 			return gate::pass;
+		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
-		if (got == 0)
+		if (got == 0) {
 			return gate::emergency;
-		if (got != expected)
-			for (;;)
+		}
+		if (got != expected) {
+			for (;;) {
 				rx();
 			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 [[noreturn]] void run()
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the reference
 	// loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
+	if (avr::hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
 		appjump();
+	}
 
 	avr::init<serial_t>();
 
 	// Activation: the host knocks three '@' inside a window whose length is the
-	// config page's timeout byte (floored so a corrupt page can never lock the
-	// loader out). An idle port times out and boots the application.
-	__uint24 idle = static_cast<__uint24>(avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | 16) << 16;
+	// config page's timeout byte, floored so a corrupt page can never lock the
+	// loader out. An idle port times out and boots the application; the same
+	// window then bounds every receive of the session.
+	window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2)) | act_min;
+	__uint24 idle = static_cast<__uint24>(window) << 16;
 	std::uint8_t knocks = 0;
 	while (knocks < 3) {
-		if (auto byte = serial.read())
+		if (auto byte = serial.read()) {
 			knocks = *byte == knock ? knocks + 1 : 0;
-		else if (--idle == 0)
+		} else if (--idle == 0) {
 			appjump();
 		}
+	}
 
 	switch (password_gate()) {
 	case gate::pass:
 		send_flash(reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info::storage.data()), info::size());
 		break;
 	case gate::emergency:
-		if (!request_confirm() || !request_confirm())
+		if (!request_confirm() || !request_confirm()) {
 			appjump();
+		}
 		emergency_erase();
 		break;
 	}
@@ -295,14 +348,6 @@ gate password_gate()
 } // namespace
 } // namespace tsb
 
-// Reset lands here: BOOTRST vectors to the boot section base and .vectors is
-// laid first, so this is the first instruction executed. No crt ran, so set the
-// stack pointer before anything is called.
-extern "C" [[gnu::naked, gnu::used, gnu::section(".vectors")]] void __boot_entry()
-{
-	SP = RAMEND;
-	// The one line of crt this loader needs: compiled code assumes
-	// __zero_reg__ (r1) is 0, and power-on registers are undefined.
-	asm volatile("clr __zero_reg__");
-	tsb::run();
-}
+// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
+// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
+template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;

tsb/tsb_tricks.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-// TinySafeBoot on libavr — tier 2: C++ with compiler trickery, no assembly.
+// TinySafeBoot on libavr - tier 2: C++ with compiler trickery, no assembly.
 //
-// The full TinySafeBoot feature set — watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
+// The full TinySafeBoot feature set - watchdog bail, one-wire half-duplex,
 // config-page activation timeout, password gate, emergency erase, and
-// config/flash/EEPROM read-write — in pure C++, 526 bytes: 14 over the 512-byte
-// boot section the hand-written oracle fits, from 168 over at this tier's first
-// floor. The structure mirrors the oracle's: a handful of tiny noinline
+// config/flash/EEPROM read-write - in pure C++, a little over the 512-byte boot
+// section the hand-written oracle fits (oracle/README.md holds what each tier
+// measures). The structure mirrors the oracle's: a handful of tiny noinline
 // primitives sharing one whole-loader register allocation, expressed as global
 // register variables so no helper ever saves, spills, or reloads any of it.
 //
 // The register protocol (all call-saved, so calls preserve them by ABI):
-//   Y (r28:r29)  g_addr      the walked flash/EEPROM address — adiw-able
-//   r16          g_cnt       byte countdown of the running block — ldi-able
+//   Y (r28:r29)  g_addr      the walked flash/EEPROM address - adiw-able
+//   r16          g_cnt       byte countdown of the running block - ldi-able
 //   r7           g_window    rx timeout, roughly 30 ms units at 16 MHz
 //   r6           g_receiving one-wire direction latch, cleared at bring-up
 //                            (power-on registers are undefined)
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 // GCC 16.1 miscompiles stores into global register variables: an update whose
 // remaining uses all hide inside callees is deleted whenever a CALL follows it
 // before any jump/ret (the backend's liveness walk lumps fixed registers with
-// call-clobbered ones — minimal repro in libavr's
-// local/scratch/probes/gcc-avr-globalreg-repro.cpp, lessons.md entry). Every
+// call-clobbered ones - minimal repro in libavr's
+// test/upstream/gcc-avr-globalreg-repro.cpp). Every
 // g_* update below therefore sits where a *local* read or a jump/ret follows
-// it — the helpers advance g_addr immediately before returning, and rx()
+// it - the helpers advance g_addr immediately before returning, and rx()
 // re-floors the window on every call instead of storing the floored value
 // once. The layout is load-bearing; do not "simplify" it.
 //
@@ -41,10 +41,16 @@ namespace hw = avr::hw;
 namespace tsb {
 namespace {
 
-// The loader is purely polled — it never enables interrupts — so every SPM and
+// The loader is purely polled - it never enables interrupts - so every SPM and
 // EEPROM lock folds to nothing under this posture.
 constexpr auto off = avr::irq::guard_policy::unused;
 
+// Strict request/response: every SPM operation is waited out before the next
+// byte moves, so no flash operation is ever in flight at an EEPROM access -
+// the write procedure's step 2 has nothing to guard, the omission the
+// datasheet grants (DS40002061B section 8.6.3).
+constexpr auto no_spm = ee::spm_interlock::omitted;
+
 constexpr std::uint8_t confirm = '!';
 constexpr std::uint8_t request = '?';
 constexpr std::uint8_t knock = '@';
@@ -57,28 +63,34 @@ constexpr std::uint16_t boot_bytes = 1024;
 constexpr std::uint16_t app_end = spm::flash_bytes - boot_bytes - page;
 constexpr std::uint16_t eeprom_end = avr::hw::db.mem.eeprom_size - 1;
 
-// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window (the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz).
-constexpr std::uint8_t act_min = 16;
+// Lockout-proof floor for the activation window: the oracle's F_CPU/1MHz, so
+// it follows the clock rather than restating it (rule 41).
+constexpr auto act_min = static_cast<std::uint8_t>((16_MHz).hz / 1'000'000);
 // Post-activation window: the host gets seconds, not milliseconds, mid-session.
 constexpr std::uint8_t comm_window = 200;
 
 constexpr std::uint16_t build_date = 26 * 512 + 7 * 32 + 20;
 
 // Fixed 115200 8N1; the library solves UBRR + U2X from clock and baud.
-constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd);
+constexpr auto baud = avr::uart::solve_baud(16_MHz, 115200_Bd, 8, avr::uart::parity::none);
+
+// One bit time on the wire: the turn-around a shared-line peer needs to stop
+// driving before this one starts. Derived from the solved rate, so it follows
+// the link rather than a count measured against one.
+constexpr auto guard_cycles = static_cast<std::uint32_t>((16_MHz).hz / baud.actual);
 
 // The 16-byte device-info block, streamed out on activation.
 // clang-format off
-[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr std::uint8_t info[16] = {
+[[gnu::progmem]] constexpr auto info = std::to_array<std::uint8_t>({
     'T', 'S', 'B',
     build_date & 0xFF, build_date >> 8,
     0xF3,             // status: native-UART fixed-baud lineage
-    0x1E, 0x95, 0x0F, // ATmega328P signature
+    avr::hw::db.signature[0], avr::hw::db.signature[1], avr::hw::db.signature[2],
     page / 2,         // page size in words
     (app_end / 2) & 0xFF, (app_end / 2) >> 8,
     eeprom_end & 0xFF, eeprom_end >> 8,
     0xAA, 0xAA,
-};
+});
 // clang-format on
 
 register std::uint16_t g_addr asm("r28");
@@ -93,8 +105,8 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 
 // Bounded byte receive, the oracle's shape: release the one-wire line on a
 // direction change, poll RXC0 under nested countdowns, 0 on silence. The 0
-// then falls through every compare — not a knock, not a confirm, not a
-// command — so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
+// then falls through every compare - not a knock, not a confirm, not a
+// command - so a silent host unwinds the loader to the application from
 // anywhere, and a mid-session cable pull cannot wedge it.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t rx()
 {
@@ -102,24 +114,25 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 		g_receiving = 1;
 		hw::ucsr0b::write(hw::ucsr0b::rxen0(1)); // RXEN0 alone: release and listen
 	}
-	// act_min ORs in here, per call, not once into g_window at setup — the
+	// act_min ORs in here, per call, not once into g_window at setup - the
 	// one placement the global-register-store miscompile cannot delete.
 	std::uint16_t outer = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(g_window | act_min) << 8;
 	do {
 		std::uint8_t fine = 0;
 		do {
 			auto status = hw::ucsr0a::read();
-			if (status & hw::ucsr0a::rxc0(1).value)
+			if (status & hw::ucsr0a::rxc0(1).value) {
 				return hw::udr0::read();
+			}
 		} while (--fine);
 	} while (--outer);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-// One-wire transmit: take the line (TXEN0 alone — the receiver must be off
+// One-wire transmit: take the line (TXEN0 alone - the receiver must be off
 // while driving) on a direction change, with a turn-around guard so a shorted
 // peer can switch first; then hold the line until the whole frame is out
-// (TXC0, not UDRE0 — the stop bit must be on the wire before a caller may
+// (TXC0, not UDRE0 - the stop bit must be on the wire before a caller may
 // release the line), and W1C TXC0 by storing the sampled status back, which
 // keeps U2X0.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void tx(std::uint8_t byte)
@@ -127,8 +140,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	if (g_receiving) {
 		g_receiving = 0;
 		hw::ucsr0b::write(hw::ucsr0b::txen0(1));
-		for (std::uint8_t guard = 46; guard; --guard)
-			;
+		avr::delay::cycles<guard_cycles>();
 	}
 	hw::udr0::write(byte);
 	std::uint8_t status;
@@ -145,7 +157,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return rx();
 }
 
-// One flash byte ← [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret — see header).
+// One flash byte <- [g_addr++] (the advance right before ret - see header).
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t sflash()
 {
 	std::uint8_t byte = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(g_addr));
@@ -153,18 +165,18 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte ← [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte <- [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] std::uint8_t eerd()
 {
-	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read(g_addr);
+	std::uint8_t byte = ee::read<no_spm>(g_addr);
 	++g_addr;
 	return byte;
 }
 
-// One EEPROM byte → [g_addr++].
+// One EEPROM byte -> [g_addr++].
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void eewr(std::uint8_t byte)
 {
-	ee::write<off>(g_addr, byte);
+	ee::write<off, no_spm>(g_addr, byte);
 	++g_addr;
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +188,7 @@ const std::uint8_t *flash_ptr(std::uint16_t addr)
 	} while (--g_cnt);
 }
 
-// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section — after every page
+// Wait out a running SPM op, then re-open the RWW section - after every page
 // op and before handing over, as the oracle does.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void settle()
 {
@@ -198,12 +210,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void erase_below()
 {
 	g_addr -= page;
-	spm::erase_page<off>(g_addr);
+	spm::command<off>(spm::op::erase, g_addr);
 	settle();
 }
 
 // Erase the whole application, top-down like the oracle: the loop bound is a
-// compare with zero, and g_addr = 0 — the value every caller wants next — is
+// compare with zero, and g_addr = 0 - the value every caller wants next - is
 // handed back for free.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void erase_application()
 {
@@ -214,18 +226,19 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 }
 
 // Stream one host page into the erased flash page at g_addr (SPM word buffer,
-// low byte then high) — no SRAM staging, receive and program are one loop.
+// low byte then high) - no SRAM staging, receive and program are one loop.
 // g_addr is left at the next page base.
 [[gnu::noinline, gnu::noclone]] void store_flash()
 {
+	const auto open = spm::page::begin<spm::from::boot_section, off>(g_addr);
 	g_cnt = page / 2;
 	do {
 		std::uint16_t word = rx();
 		word |= static_cast<std::uint16_t>(rx()) << 8;
-		spm::fill<off>(g_addr, word);
+		spm::fill<off>(open, g_addr, word);
 		g_addr += 2;
 	} while (--g_cnt);
-	spm::write_page<off>(g_addr - page);
+	spm::command<off>(spm::op::write, g_addr - page);
 	settle();
 }
 
@@ -233,11 +246,12 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 {
 	// A watchdog reset hands straight back to the application, as the
 	// reference loader does, rather than re-entering the bootloader.
-	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test())
+	if (hw::mcusr::wdrf.test()) {
 		appjump();
+	}
 
 	// Lean bring-up from reset state: UCSR0C already reads 8N1, UBRR0H reads
-	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use — only the divisor low
+	// 0, and rx()/tx() raise RXEN0/TXEN0 on first use - only the divisor low
 	// byte and U2X0 need a store. The library still does the datasheet work.
 	static_assert(baud.u2x && baud.ubrr < 256, "lean bring-up writes UBRR0L only, with U2X0");
 	hw::ubrr0::write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(baud.ubrr));
@@ -248,13 +262,15 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 	// same reason.
 	g_receiving = 0;
 
-	// Activation: 3×'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
-	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else —
-	// including silence — hands over.
+	// Activation: 3x'@', each inside the config page's timeout window (rx
+	// floors it so a corrupt page cannot lock the loader out); anything else  -
+	// including silence - hands over.
 	g_window = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(app_end + 2));
-	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k)
-		if (rx() != knock)
+	for (std::uint8_t k = 3; k; --k) {
+		if (rx() != knock) {
 			appjump();
+		}
+	}
 	g_window = comm_window;
 
 	// Password gate (config page from app_end+3, 0xff-terminated; a blank
@@ -268,17 +284,19 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		std::uint8_t expected = avr::flash_load(flash_ptr(g_addr)) & mask;
 		++g_addr;
 		if (expected == 0xff) {
-			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(&info[0]);
+			g_addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uint16_t>(info.data());
 			g_cnt = sizeof(info);
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		}
 		std::uint8_t got = rx();
 		if (got == 0) {
-			if (mask == 0)
+			if (mask == 0) {
 				continue;
-			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm)
+			}
+			if (rcnf() != confirm || rcnf() != confirm) {
 				appjump();
+			}
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0 for the EEPROM walk
 			do {
 				eewr(0xff);
@@ -287,9 +305,10 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			erase_below();
 			break;
 		}
-		if (got != expected)
+		if (got != expected) {
 			mask = 0;
 		}
+	}
 
 	for (;;) {
 		tx(confirm); // Mainloop ready
@@ -297,23 +316,27 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 		switch (rx()) {
 		case 'f': // read application flash, one page per host '!'
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm)
+				if (rx() != confirm) {
 					break;
+				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				sendf();
-				if (g_addr >= app_end)
+				if (g_addr >= app_end) {
 					break;
 				}
+			}
 			break;
 		case 'F':                // erase the application, then take pages behind '?'
 			erase_application(); // leaves g_addr = 0, the write start
-			while (rcnf() == confirm)
+			while (rcnf() == confirm) {
 				store_flash();
+			}
 			break;
 		case 'e': // read EEPROM, one page per host '!', until the host stops
 			for (;;) {
-				if (rx() != confirm)
+				if (rx() != confirm) {
 					break;
+				}
 				g_cnt = page;
 				do {
 					tx(eerd());
@@ -335,8 +358,9 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 			sendf();
 			break;
 		case 'C': // replace the config page, then echo it back to verify
-			if (rcnf() != confirm)
+			if (rcnf() != confirm) {
 				break;
+			}
 			g_addr = app_end + page;
 			erase_below(); // leaves g_addr = app_end, the store target
 			store_flash();
@@ -350,14 +374,6 @@ extern "C" [[noreturn]] void tsb_app(); // the application's reset vector: --def
 } // namespace
 } // namespace tsb
 
-// Reset lands here: BOOTRST vectors to the boot section base and .vectors is
-// laid first, so this is the first instruction executed. No crt ran, so set
-// the stack pointer before anything is called.
-extern "C" [[gnu::naked, gnu::used, gnu::section(".vectors")]] void __boot_entry()
-{
-	SP = RAMEND;
-	// The one line of crt this loader needs: compiled code assumes
-	// __zero_reg__ (r1) is 0, and power-on registers are undefined.
-	asm volatile("clr __zero_reg__");
-	tsb::run();
-}
+// Reset lands at the boot section base (BOOTRST): the entry stub in .vectors
+// is laid first and does the one line of crt a crt-less image needs.
+template struct avr::startup::entry<tsb::run, avr::startup::stack::hardware>;