Phase 1b: video mirror via Windows Graphics Capture

Mirror the injected game's window into the host's borderless window so Steam
RPT streams a live copy of the game. No injection needed for video.

- capture/window_capture: WGC capture of a target HWND. Wraps our D3D11 device
  as an IDirect3DDevice, creates a free-threaded frame pool + capture session,
  hides the cursor and (best-effort) the capture border. Frames arrive on a WGC
  thread and are handed to the render thread, which copies the newest into a
  shader-resource texture and draws it -- keeping all D3D11 context use on one
  thread. Handles window resize via frame-pool Recreate.
- capture/frame_renderer: fullscreen-triangle shader that blits the captured
  texture letterboxed (aspect-preserved) into the window.
- capture_panel: "Mirror game window" toggle + lifecycle; target HWND comes
  from the hook's reported game window.
- main: winrt apartment init; mirrored frame drawn as background, ImGui on top.
- CMake: link windowsapp + d3dcompiler.

Verified: builds clean; host starts (apartment init + shader compile succeed).
Visual capture quality/latency to be judged on a real game.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -57,8 +57,12 @@ the focused window. A hook→host status back-channel shows whether the hook is
 attached and how fast the game is polling it. The in-process `hook_selftest`
 validates the IPC + hook core without needing a game.
 
-Still ahead (scoped in the plan): video mirror (WGC, then a `Present` hook),
+**Phase 1b — video mirror (current).** The host captures the injected game's
-audio (WASAPI process loopback), and x86 support.
+window with Windows Graphics Capture and draws it letterboxed as its background,
+so RPT streams a live mirror of the game. See the test steps below.
+
+Still ahead (scoped in the plan): a `Present`-hook capture path if WGC latency
+disappoints, audio (WASAPI process loopback), and x86 support.
 
 ## Building
 
@@ -149,3 +153,21 @@ forwarded — while the game is unfocused it won't receive OS keyboard/mouse.
 
 For a quick sanity check of the forwarding core without a game, run
 `bin\Debug\hook_selftest.exe` — it should print `SELFTEST PASS`.
+
+## Phase 1b: video mirror (Windows Graphics Capture)
+
+The **Video mirror** panel captures the injected game's window (via Windows
+Graphics Capture — no injection needed for video) and draws it, letterboxed, as
+the host window's background. This is what Steam RPT streams to guests.
+
+1. Inject into a game as in Phase 1a (the hook reports the game's window, which
+   the mirror uses as its source).
+2. In the **Video mirror** panel, tick **Mirror game window**. The host window
+   should now show a live copy of the game; the panel reports the capture
+   resolution and render FPS.
+3. The game can be behind the host window — WGC still captures occluded (but not
+   minimized) windows, and focus spoofing keeps it rendering.
+
+Requires Windows 10 1903+ for WGC; hiding the capture border needs build 20348+.
+This is the place to judge capture latency/stutter; if it's not good enough, the
+fallback is a `Present`-hook capture path in the same injected DLL.

host/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ add_executable(coop_host WIN32
 	src/imgui_layer.cpp
 	src/debug_overlay.cpp
 	src/injection_panel.cpp
+	src/capture_panel.cpp
 	src/input/xinput_source.cpp
 	src/inject/process_list.cpp
 	src/inject/injector.cpp
-	src/ipc/ipc_server.cpp)
+	src/ipc/ipc_server.cpp
+	src/capture/frame_renderer.cpp
+	src/capture/window_capture.cpp)
 
 target_include_directories(coop_host PRIVATE src)
 
@@ -17,6 +20,8 @@ target_link_libraries(coop_host PRIVATE
 	d3d11
 	dxgi
 	dwmapi
+	d3dcompiler
+	windowsapp
 	xinput)
 
 set_target_properties(coop_host PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "coop_host")

host/src/capture/frame_renderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#include "capture/frame_renderer.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <d3dcompiler.h>
+
+using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+
+// Fullscreen triangle generated from SV_VertexID -- no vertex/index buffers
+// needed. Samples the source texture across the [0,1] UV range.
+constexpr char kShaderSource[] = R"(
+Texture2D    g_tex : register(t0);
+SamplerState g_smp : register(s0);
+
+struct VSOut { float4 pos : SV_Position; float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; };
+
+VSOut vs_main(uint id : SV_VertexID)
+{
+    VSOut o;
+    o.uv  = float2((id << 1) & 2, id & 2);
+    o.pos = float4(o.uv * float2(2, -2) + float2(-1, 1), 0, 1);
+    return o;
+}
+
+float4 ps_main(VSOut i) : SV_Target
+{
+    return g_tex.Sample(g_smp, i.uv);
+}
+)";
+
+ComPtr<ID3DBlob> compile(const char* entry, const char* target)
+{
+	ComPtr<ID3DBlob> blob;
+	ComPtr<ID3DBlob> errors;
+	const HRESULT hr = D3DCompile(kShaderSource, sizeof(kShaderSource) - 1, "frame_renderer", nullptr, nullptr, entry,
+	                              target, D3DCOMPILE_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL3, 0, blob.GetAddressOf(), errors.GetAddressOf());
+	if (FAILED(hr))
+	{
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+	return blob;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+bool FrameRenderer::init(ID3D11Device* device)
+{
+	ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vs_blob = compile("vs_main", "vs_5_0");
+	ComPtr<ID3DBlob> ps_blob = compile("ps_main", "ps_5_0");
+	if (vs_blob == nullptr || ps_blob == nullptr)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (FAILED(device->CreateVertexShader(vs_blob->GetBufferPointer(), vs_blob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr,
+	                                      vs_.GetAddressOf())))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (FAILED(device->CreatePixelShader(ps_blob->GetBufferPointer(), ps_blob->GetBufferSize(), nullptr,
+	                                     ps_.GetAddressOf())))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sd = {};
+	sd.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR;
+	sd.AddressU = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_CLAMP;
+	sd.AddressV = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_CLAMP;
+	sd.AddressW = D3D11_TEXTURE_ADDRESS_CLAMP;
+	sd.ComparisonFunc = D3D11_COMPARISON_NEVER;
+	if (FAILED(device->CreateSamplerState(&sd, sampler_.GetAddressOf())))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+void FrameRenderer::draw(ID3D11DeviceContext* ctx, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv, std::uint32_t src_w,
+                         std::uint32_t src_h, std::uint32_t dst_w, std::uint32_t dst_h)
+{
+	if (srv == nullptr || src_w == 0 || src_h == 0 || dst_w == 0 || dst_h == 0)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Letterbox: fit the source rect inside the destination, preserving aspect.
+	const float scale = std::min(static_cast<float>(dst_w) / src_w, static_cast<float>(dst_h) / src_h);
+	const float vp_w = src_w * scale;
+	const float vp_h = src_h * scale;
+
+	D3D11_VIEWPORT vp = {};
+	vp.TopLeftX = (static_cast<float>(dst_w) - vp_w) * 0.5f;
+	vp.TopLeftY = (static_cast<float>(dst_h) - vp_h) * 0.5f;
+	vp.Width = vp_w;
+	vp.Height = vp_h;
+	vp.MinDepth = 0.0f;
+	vp.MaxDepth = 1.0f;
+	ctx->RSSetViewports(1, &vp);
+
+	ctx->IASetInputLayout(nullptr);
+	ctx->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
+	ctx->VSSetShader(vs_.Get(), nullptr, 0);
+	ctx->PSSetShader(ps_.Get(), nullptr, 0);
+	ctx->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &srv);
+	ctx->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, sampler_.GetAddressOf());
+	ctx->Draw(3, 0);
+
+	// Unbind the SRV so the same texture can be a copy destination next frame.
+	ID3D11ShaderResourceView* null_srv = nullptr;
+	ctx->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, &null_srv);
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/capture/frame_renderer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Draws a captured frame texture into the current render target as a letterboxed
+// full-screen image (aspect-preserved; the cleared background fills the bars).
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <wrl/client.h>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+class FrameRenderer
+{
+public:
+	bool init(ID3D11Device* device);
+
+	// Draws `srv` (a srcW x srcH image) centered and scaled to fit within a
+	// dstW x dstH target. Sets its own viewport; callers that draw afterwards
+	// (e.g. ImGui) should restore theirs.
+	void draw(ID3D11DeviceContext* ctx, ID3D11ShaderResourceView* srv, std::uint32_t src_w, std::uint32_t src_h,
+	          std::uint32_t dst_w, std::uint32_t dst_h);
+
+private:
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11VertexShader> vs_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11PixelShader> ps_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11SamplerState> sampler_;
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/capture/window_capture.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#include "capture/window_capture.hpp"
+
+#include "capture/frame_renderer.hpp"
+
+// Interop headers bridge classic D3D11/HWND types and the WinRT capture API.
+#include <windows.graphics.capture.interop.h>
+#include <windows.graphics.directx.direct3d11.interop.h>
+
+// Foundation must be included for IClosable::Close() definitions used below.
+#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.h>
+#include <winrt/Windows.Graphics.DirectX.h>
+
+using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
+
+namespace winrt
+{
+using namespace Windows::Graphics;
+using namespace Windows::Graphics::Capture;
+using namespace Windows::Graphics::DirectX;
+using namespace Windows::Graphics::DirectX::Direct3D11;
+} // namespace winrt
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+
+constexpr auto kPixelFormat = winrt::DirectXPixelFormat::B8G8R8A8UIntNormalized;
+
+// Pulls the underlying ID3D11Texture2D out of a captured frame's surface.
+ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> texture_from_surface(winrt::IDirect3DSurface const& surface)
+{
+	auto access = surface.as<::Windows::Graphics::DirectX::Direct3D11::IDirect3DDxgiInterfaceAccess>();
+	ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> texture;
+	if (access)
+	{
+		access->GetInterface(__uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), reinterpret_cast<void**>(texture.GetAddressOf()));
+	}
+	return texture;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+WindowCapture::~WindowCapture()
+{
+	stop();
+}
+
+bool WindowCapture::start(HWND target, ID3D11Device* device)
+{
+	stop();
+	if (target == nullptr || device == nullptr || !IsWindow(target))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	try
+	{
+		device_ = device;
+
+		// Wrap our D3D11 device as the WinRT device the frame pool renders on.
+		ComPtr<IDXGIDevice> dxgi_device;
+		if (FAILED(device->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(dxgi_device.GetAddressOf()))))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		winrt::com_ptr<::IInspectable> inspectable;
+		if (FAILED(CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice(dxgi_device.Get(), inspectable.put())))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		winrt_device_ = inspectable.as<winrt::IDirect3DDevice>();
+
+		// Create a capture item for the target window via the interop factory.
+		auto interop = winrt::get_activation_factory<winrt::GraphicsCaptureItem, ::IGraphicsCaptureItemInterop>();
+		if (FAILED(interop->CreateForWindow(target, winrt::guid_of<winrt::GraphicsCaptureItem>(),
+		                                    winrt::put_abi(item_))))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		pool_size_ = item_.Size();
+		frame_pool_ =
+		    winrt::Direct3D11CaptureFramePool::CreateFreeThreaded(winrt_device_, kPixelFormat, 2, pool_size_);
+		session_ = frame_pool_.CreateCaptureSession(item_);
+		frame_token_ = frame_pool_.FrameArrived({this, &WindowCapture::on_frame_arrived});
+
+		// Best-effort: hide the cursor and the yellow capture border (the border
+		// API requires a recent Windows build, hence the guard).
+		try
+		{
+			session_.IsCursorCaptureEnabled(false);
+		}
+		catch (...)
+		{
+		}
+		try
+		{
+			session_.IsBorderRequired(false);
+		}
+		catch (...)
+		{
+		}
+
+		session_.StartCapture();
+		target_ = target;
+		return true;
+	}
+	catch (...)
+	{
+		stop();
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+void WindowCapture::stop()
+{
+	if (frame_pool_ != nullptr && frame_token_)
+	{
+		frame_pool_.FrameArrived(frame_token_);
+		frame_token_ = {};
+	}
+	if (session_ != nullptr)
+	{
+		session_.Close();
+		session_ = nullptr;
+	}
+	if (frame_pool_ != nullptr)
+	{
+		frame_pool_.Close();
+		frame_pool_ = nullptr;
+	}
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+		pending_ = nullptr;
+	}
+	item_ = nullptr;
+	winrt_device_ = nullptr;
+	latest_srv_.Reset();
+	latest_.Reset();
+	device_.Reset();
+	target_ = nullptr;
+	width_ = 0;
+	height_ = 0;
+}
+
+void WindowCapture::on_frame_arrived(winrt::Direct3D11CaptureFramePool const& pool,
+                                     winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable const&)
+{
+	// Just grab the newest frame and stash it; the render thread does the copy.
+	auto frame = pool.TryGetNextFrame();
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+	if (pending_ != nullptr)
+	{
+		pending_.Close(); // drop the un-consumed previous frame back to the pool
+	}
+	pending_ = frame;
+}
+
+void WindowCapture::draw_latest(FrameRenderer& renderer, ID3D11DeviceContext* ctx, std::uint32_t dst_w,
+                                std::uint32_t dst_h)
+{
+	winrt::Direct3D11CaptureFrame frame{nullptr};
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+		frame = pending_;
+		pending_ = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	if (frame != nullptr)
+	{
+		if (ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> src = texture_from_surface(frame.Surface()))
+		{
+			D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC desc = {};
+			src->GetDesc(&desc);
+
+			if (latest_ == nullptr || desc.Width != width_ || desc.Height != height_)
+			{
+				latest_srv_.Reset();
+				latest_.Reset();
+
+				D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC dst = desc;
+				dst.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
+				dst.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_SHADER_RESOURCE;
+				dst.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
+				dst.MiscFlags = 0;
+				if (SUCCEEDED(device_->CreateTexture2D(&dst, nullptr, latest_.GetAddressOf())))
+				{
+					device_->CreateShaderResourceView(latest_.Get(), nullptr, latest_srv_.GetAddressOf());
+					width_ = desc.Width;
+					height_ = desc.Height;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (latest_ != nullptr)
+			{
+				ctx->CopyResource(latest_.Get(), src.Get());
+			}
+		}
+		frame.Close();
+
+		// If the window resized, the capture item changes size; re-fit the pool.
+		const winrt::SizeInt32 size = item_.Size();
+		if (size.Width != pool_size_.Width || size.Height != pool_size_.Height)
+		{
+			pool_size_ = size;
+			frame_pool_.Recreate(winrt_device_, kPixelFormat, 2, size);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (latest_srv_ != nullptr)
+	{
+		renderer.draw(ctx, latest_srv_.Get(), width_, height_, dst_w, dst_h);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/capture/window_capture.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Mirrors a target window into a D3D11 texture using Windows.Graphics.Capture
+// (no injection). Frames arrive on a WGC thread; the newest is handed to the
+// render thread, which copies and draws it -- so all D3D11 context use stays on
+// one thread.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <wrl/client.h>
+
+#include <winrt/Windows.Graphics.Capture.h>
+#include <winrt/Windows.Graphics.DirectX.Direct3D11.h>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+class FrameRenderer;
+
+class WindowCapture
+{
+public:
+	~WindowCapture();
+
+	// Begins capturing `target`. Returns false if WGC is unavailable or the
+	// window can't be captured.
+	bool start(HWND target, ID3D11Device* device);
+	void stop();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool running() const
+	{
+		return session_ != nullptr;
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] HWND target() const
+	{
+		return target_;
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t frame_width() const
+	{
+		return width_;
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t frame_height() const
+	{
+		return height_;
+	}
+
+	// Render thread: consume the newest frame (if any) and draw it letterboxed
+	// into a dst_w x dst_h target via `renderer`.
+	void draw_latest(FrameRenderer& renderer, ID3D11DeviceContext* ctx, std::uint32_t dst_w, std::uint32_t dst_h);
+
+private:
+	void on_frame_arrived(winrt::Windows::Graphics::Capture::Direct3D11CaptureFramePool const& pool,
+	                      winrt::Windows::Foundation::IInspectable const&);
+
+	HWND target_ = nullptr;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> device_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> latest_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11ShaderResourceView> latest_srv_;
+	std::uint32_t width_ = 0;
+	std::uint32_t height_ = 0;
+
+	std::mutex mutex_; // guards pending_ handoff only (no context work under it)
+	winrt::Windows::Graphics::Capture::Direct3D11CaptureFrame pending_{nullptr};
+
+	winrt::Windows::Graphics::DirectX::Direct3D11::IDirect3DDevice winrt_device_{nullptr};
+	winrt::Windows::Graphics::Capture::GraphicsCaptureItem item_{nullptr};
+	winrt::Windows::Graphics::Capture::Direct3D11CaptureFramePool frame_pool_{nullptr};
+	winrt::Windows::Graphics::Capture::GraphicsCaptureSession session_{nullptr};
+	winrt::event_token frame_token_{};
+	winrt::Windows::Graphics::SizeInt32 pool_size_{0, 0};
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/capture_panel.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "capture_panel.hpp"
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+bool CapturePanel::init(ID3D11Device* device)
+{
+	device_ = device;
+	return renderer_.init(device);
+}
+
+void CapturePanel::draw_ui()
+{
+	ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(460, 24), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+	ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(360, 0), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+	ImGui::Begin("Video mirror");
+
+	const bool have_target = target_ != nullptr && IsWindow(target_);
+	ImGui::BeginDisabled(!have_target);
+	if (ImGui::Checkbox("Mirror game window", &enabled_))
+	{
+		if (!enabled_)
+		{
+			capture_.stop();
+		}
+	}
+	ImGui::EndDisabled();
+	if (!have_target)
+	{
+		ImGui::TextDisabled("Inject into a game first (its window is the source).");
+	}
+
+	// Start/restart capture when enabled and the target window changes.
+	if (enabled_ && have_target && capture_.target() != target_)
+	{
+		if (!capture_.start(target_, device_))
+		{
+			enabled_ = false;
+			ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 0.45f, 0.4f, 1.0f), "Failed to start capture.");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (capture_.running())
+	{
+		ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(0.4f, 1.0f, 0.4f, 1.0f), "Capturing %ux%u", capture_.frame_width(),
+		                   capture_.frame_height());
+		ImGui::Text("Render: %.1f FPS", ImGui::GetIO().Framerate);
+	}
+
+	ImGui::End();
+}
+
+void CapturePanel::render(ID3D11DeviceContext* ctx, std::uint32_t dst_w, std::uint32_t dst_h)
+{
+	if (capture_.running())
+	{
+		capture_.draw_latest(renderer_, ctx, dst_w, dst_h);
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/capture_panel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Owns the video-mirror pipeline (WGC capture + frame renderer) and its UI.
+// The target window comes from the injected hook's reported game HWND.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "capture/frame_renderer.hpp"
+#include "capture/window_capture.hpp"
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+class CapturePanel
+{
+public:
+	bool init(ID3D11Device* device);
+
+	// The window to mirror (0 if none yet); typically the injected game's HWND.
+	void set_target(HWND target)
+	{
+		target_ = target;
+	}
+
+	void draw_ui();
+
+	// Render thread: draw the mirrored frame as the window background.
+	void render(ID3D11DeviceContext* ctx, std::uint32_t dst_w, std::uint32_t dst_h);
+
+private:
+	ID3D11Device* device_ = nullptr;
+	FrameRenderer renderer_;
+	WindowCapture capture_;
+	HWND target_ = nullptr;
+	bool enabled_ = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/injection_panel.hpp

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <windows.h>
+
 #include "coop/protocol.hpp"
 #include "imgui.h"
 #include "inject/process_list.hpp"
@@ -25,6 +27,12 @@ public:
 	// test-input mode is on, a synthetic pattern is sent instead of `pads`.
 	void publish(const std::array<PadInfo, kMaxPads>& pads);
 
+	// The injected game's main window, as reported by the hook (null if none).
+	[[nodiscard]] HWND game_hwnd() const
+	{
+		return reinterpret_cast<HWND>(server_.hook_status().game_hwnd);
+	}
+
 private:
 	void refresh_processes();
 	void inject_selected();

host/src/main.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-// CoopAllTheThings host -- Phase 0 spike.
+// CoopAllTheThings host.
 //
-// Brings up the borderless window Steam Remote Play Together will capture and an
+// Borderless window that Steam Remote Play Together captures, plus the overlay
-// ImGui overlay that lists every controller it can see. The goal of this build
+// that drives the tool: it forwards controller input into an injected game
-// is to validate the riskiest assumption end-to-end: launch this exe under a
+// (Injection panel), spoofs the game's focus, and mirrors the game's window into
-// donor appid (steam -applaunch <donorAppId> <path-to-host.exe>), invite a
+// this window via Windows Graphics Capture (Video mirror panel).
-// friend, and confirm (a) the window streams and (b) the guest's gamepad shows
-// up in the overlay. Capture/injection are built on top of this once it holds.
 
 #include <memory>
 
 #include <windows.h>
 
+#include <winrt/Windows.Foundation.h>
+
+#include "capture_panel.hpp"
 #include "d3d11_window.hpp"
 #include "debug_overlay.hpp"
 #include "imgui_layer.hpp"
@@ -38,17 +39,34 @@ int run()
 
 	auto input = std::make_unique<coop::XInputSource>();
 	coop::InjectionPanel injection;
+	coop::CapturePanel capture;
+	if (!capture.init(window.device()))
+	{
+		MessageBoxW(nullptr, L"Failed to initialize the video mirror.", L"CoopAllTheThings", MB_ICONERROR);
+		return 1;
+	}
 
 	while (window.pump_messages())
 	{
 		input->poll();
 		injection.publish(input->pads());
+		capture.set_target(injection.game_hwnd());
 
 		imgui.begin_frame();
 		coop::draw_debug_overlay(*input);
 		injection.draw();
+		capture.draw_ui();
 
-		window.render_frame([&imgui]() { imgui.end_frame(); });
+		RECT client = {};
+		GetClientRect(window.hwnd(), &client);
+		const auto dst_w = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(client.right - client.left);
+		const auto dst_h = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(client.bottom - client.top);
+
+		// Mirrored frame first (the window background), ImGui overlay on top.
+		window.render_frame([&]() {
+			capture.render(window.context(), dst_w, dst_h);
+			imgui.end_frame();
+		});
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -58,5 +76,10 @@ int run()
 
 int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPWSTR, int)
 {
-	return run();
+	// WGC requires an initialized apartment; multi-threaded suits the
+	// free-threaded frame pool.
+	winrt::init_apartment(winrt::apartment_type::multi_threaded);
+	const int result = run();
+	winrt::uninit_apartment();
+	return result;
 }