Phase 0: donor-launch spike foundation

Scaffold CoopAllTheThings: Remote Play Together for any XInput game via a
mirror app under a donor appid (real game keeps its own appid, so DRM,
achievements, and playtime stay intact).

- Build: CMake skeleton, ImGui + SafetyHook submodules (no vcpkg)
- common/: host<->hook IPC contract (seqlock pad state, shared-memory RAII)
- host/: borderless D3D11 window + ImGui overlay listing visible XInput pads,
  behind an InputSource interface (Steam Input slots in later)
- README documents the Phase 0 donor-launch validation procedure, anti-cheat
  limitation, and XInput/bitness constraints

Phase 0 validates the riskiest assumption (Steam RPT streams an arbitrary
window under a donor appid and routes guest input to it) before capture and
injection are built.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

host/src/d3d11_window.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#include "d3d11_window.hpp"
+
+#include <imgui_impl_win32.h>
+
+// Forward declared in the ImGui Win32 backend; lets ImGui consume input first.
+extern IMGUI_IMPL_API LRESULT ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam);
+
+using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+constexpr wchar_t kWindowClass[] = L"CoopAllTheThingsWindow";
+}
+
+D3D11Window::~D3D11Window()
+{
+	release_render_target();
+	if (hwnd_ != nullptr)
+	{
+		DestroyWindow(hwnd_);
+		hwnd_ = nullptr;
+	}
+	UnregisterClassW(kWindowClass, GetModuleHandleW(nullptr));
+}
+
+bool D3D11Window::create(const wchar_t* title)
+{
+	const HINSTANCE instance = GetModuleHandleW(nullptr);
+
+	WNDCLASSEXW wc = {};
+	wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
+	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
+	wc.lpfnWndProc = &D3D11Window::wnd_proc;
+	wc.hInstance = instance;
+	wc.hCursor = LoadCursorW(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
+	wc.lpszClassName = kWindowClass;
+	if (RegisterClassExW(&wc) == 0)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Borderless popup covering the primary monitor. Steam RPT only streams the
+	// focused window, and exclusive-fullscreen swap chains can't be captured, so
+	// a plain WS_POPUP is exactly what we want.
+	const int width = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
+	const int height = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
+
+	hwnd_ = CreateWindowExW(0, kWindowClass, title, WS_POPUP, 0, 0, width, height, nullptr, nullptr, instance, this);
+	if (hwnd_ == nullptr)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (!create_device())
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	ShowWindow(hwnd_, SW_SHOW);
+	UpdateWindow(hwnd_);
+	SetForegroundWindow(hwnd_);
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool D3D11Window::create_device()
+{
+	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC1 desc = {};
+	desc.Width = 0; // derive from the window client area
+	desc.Height = 0;
+	desc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
+	desc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
+	desc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
+	desc.BufferCount = 2;
+	desc.Scaling = DXGI_SCALING_STRETCH;
+	desc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_DISCARD;
+	desc.AlphaMode = DXGI_ALPHA_MODE_IGNORE;
+
+	UINT flags = 0;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	flags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
+#endif
+	const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL levels[] = {D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0};
+
+	if (FAILED(D3D11CreateDevice(nullptr, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, nullptr, flags, levels, _countof(levels),
+	                             D3D11_SDK_VERSION, device_.GetAddressOf(), nullptr, context_.GetAddressOf())))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	ComPtr<IDXGIDevice> dxgi_device;
+	if (FAILED(device_.As(&dxgi_device)))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> adapter;
+	if (FAILED(dxgi_device->GetAdapter(adapter.GetAddressOf())))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	ComPtr<IDXGIFactory2> factory;
+	if (FAILED(adapter->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(factory.GetAddressOf()))))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (FAILED(factory->CreateSwapChainForHwnd(device_.Get(), hwnd_, &desc, nullptr, nullptr,
+	                                           swap_chain_.GetAddressOf())))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	// Don't let DXGI swallow Alt+Enter into an exclusive-fullscreen transition.
+	factory->MakeWindowAssociation(hwnd_, DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER);
+
+	create_render_target();
+	return true;
+}
+
+void D3D11Window::create_render_target()
+{
+	ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> back_buffer;
+	if (SUCCEEDED(swap_chain_->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(back_buffer.GetAddressOf()))))
+	{
+		device_->CreateRenderTargetView(back_buffer.Get(), nullptr, rtv_.ReleaseAndGetAddressOf());
+	}
+}
+
+void D3D11Window::release_render_target()
+{
+	rtv_.Reset();
+}
+
+void D3D11Window::handle_resize(UINT width, UINT height)
+{
+	if (swap_chain_ == nullptr || width == 0 || height == 0)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+	release_render_target();
+	swap_chain_->ResizeBuffers(0, width, height, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, 0);
+	create_render_target();
+}
+
+bool D3D11Window::pump_messages()
+{
+	MSG msg;
+	while (PeekMessageW(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
+	{
+		if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		TranslateMessage(&msg);
+		DispatchMessageW(&msg);
+	}
+	if (resize_pending_)
+	{
+		handle_resize(resize_width_, resize_height_);
+		resize_pending_ = false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+void D3D11Window::render_frame(const RenderCallback& render)
+{
+	const float clear[4] = {0.06f, 0.06f, 0.08f, 1.0f};
+	context_->OMSetRenderTargets(1, rtv_.GetAddressOf(), nullptr);
+	context_->ClearRenderTargetView(rtv_.Get(), clear);
+
+	if (render)
+	{
+		render();
+	}
+
+	// vsync on: matches the captured stream cadence and avoids a busy spin.
+	swap_chain_->Present(1, 0);
+}
+
+LRESULT CALLBACK D3D11Window::wnd_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
+{
+	if (msg == WM_NCCREATE)
+	{
+		auto* create = reinterpret_cast<CREATESTRUCTW*>(lparam);
+		SetWindowLongPtrW(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(create->lpCreateParams));
+	}
+
+	if (ImGui_ImplWin32_WndProcHandler(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam))
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	auto* self = reinterpret_cast<D3D11Window*>(GetWindowLongPtrW(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA));
+
+	switch (msg)
+	{
+	case WM_SIZE:
+		if (self != nullptr && wparam != SIZE_MINIMIZED)
+		{
+			self->resize_pending_ = true;
+			self->resize_width_ = LOWORD(lparam);
+			self->resize_height_ = HIWORD(lparam);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	case WM_KEYDOWN:
+		// Spike convenience: Esc quits so we aren't stuck in a borderless window.
+		if (wparam == VK_ESCAPE)
+		{
+			PostQuitMessage(0);
+		}
+		return 0;
+	case WM_DESTROY:
+		PostQuitMessage(0);
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/d3d11_window.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Borderless full-screen D3D11 window. This is the surface Steam Remote Play
+// Together captures, so it must be a normal (non-exclusive) top-level window
+// that owns a flip-model swap chain.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <dxgi1_2.h>
+#include <wrl/client.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+class D3D11Window
+{
+public:
+	using RenderCallback = std::function<void()>;
+
+	D3D11Window() = default;
+	~D3D11Window();
+
+	D3D11Window(const D3D11Window&) = delete;
+	D3D11Window& operator=(const D3D11Window&) = delete;
+
+	// Creates the borderless window sized to the primary monitor and brings up
+	// the D3D11 device + swap chain. Returns false on any failure.
+	bool create(const wchar_t* title);
+
+	// Pumps the message queue once. Returns false when the window is closing.
+	bool pump_messages();
+
+	// Clears the back buffer, invokes render (where ImGui draws), and presents.
+	void render_frame(const RenderCallback& render);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] HWND hwnd() const
+	{
+		return hwnd_;
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] ID3D11Device* device() const
+	{
+		return device_.Get();
+	}
+	[[nodiscard]] ID3D11DeviceContext* context() const
+	{
+		return context_.Get();
+	}
+
+private:
+	static LRESULT CALLBACK wnd_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam);
+
+	bool create_device();
+	void create_render_target();
+	void release_render_target();
+	void handle_resize(UINT width, UINT height);
+
+	HWND hwnd_ = nullptr;
+	bool resize_pending_ = false;
+	UINT resize_width_ = 0;
+	UINT resize_height_ = 0;
+
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> device_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> context_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain1> swap_chain_;
+	Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11RenderTargetView> rtv_;
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/debug_overlay.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "debug_overlay.hpp"
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+namespace
+{
+
+struct ButtonBit
+{
+	std::uint16_t mask;
+	const char* label;
+};
+
+// XINPUT_GAMEPAD_* bit values (kept local so this file needn't include Xinput.h).
+constexpr ButtonBit kButtons[] = {
+    {0x0001, "Up"},   {0x0002, "Down"}, {0x0004, "Left"},  {0x0008, "Right"}, {0x0010, "Start"},
+    {0x0020, "Back"}, {0x0040, "LS"},   {0x0080, "RS"},    {0x0100, "LB"},    {0x0200, "RB"},
+    {0x1000, "A"},    {0x2000, "B"},    {0x4000, "X"},     {0x8000, "Y"},
+};
+
+void draw_pad(int index, const PadInfo& pad)
+{
+	ImGui::PushID(index);
+	if (!pad.connected)
+	{
+		ImGui::TextDisabled("Slot %d: disconnected", index);
+		ImGui::PopID();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ImGui::Text("Slot %d  [%s]", index, pad.source.c_str());
+	ImGui::Text("LT %3u  RT %3u", pad.state.left_trigger, pad.state.right_trigger);
+	ImGui::Text("L (%6d, %6d)  R (%6d, %6d)", pad.state.thumb_lx, pad.state.thumb_ly, pad.state.thumb_rx,
+	            pad.state.thumb_ry);
+
+	bool first = true;
+	ImGui::TextUnformatted("Buttons: ");
+	for (const ButtonBit& b : kButtons)
+	{
+		if ((pad.state.buttons & b.mask) != 0)
+		{
+			ImGui::SameLine();
+			ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(0.4f, 1.0f, 0.4f, 1.0f), "%s%s", first ? "" : ", ", b.label);
+			first = false;
+		}
+	}
+	if (first)
+	{
+		ImGui::SameLine();
+		ImGui::TextDisabled("(none)");
+	}
+	ImGui::Separator();
+	ImGui::PopID();
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void draw_debug_overlay(const InputSource& input)
+{
+	ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(24, 24), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+	ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(420, 0), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+	ImGui::Begin("CoopAllTheThings - Phase 0 spike");
+
+	ImGui::Text("Input backend: %s", input.name());
+	ImGui::Text("%.1f FPS (%.2f ms)", ImGui::GetIO().Framerate, 1000.0f / ImGui::GetIO().Framerate);
+	ImGui::TextDisabled("This window is what Remote Play Together captures.");
+	ImGui::TextDisabled("Press Esc to quit.");
+	ImGui::Separator();
+
+	const auto& pads = input.pads();
+	for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(pads.size()); ++i)
+	{
+		draw_pad(i, pads[i]);
+	}
+
+	ImGui::End();
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/debug_overlay.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "input/input_source.hpp"
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+// Phase 0 overlay: confirms the host is alive and, crucially, shows which
+// controllers are visible -- this is how we verify Remote Play Together is
+// routing a guest's gamepad into our window.
+void draw_debug_overlay(const InputSource& input);
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/imgui_layer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "imgui_layer.hpp"
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+#include <imgui_impl_dx11.h>
+#include <imgui_impl_win32.h>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+ImGuiLayer::~ImGuiLayer()
+{
+	if (initialized_)
+	{
+		ImGui_ImplDX11_Shutdown();
+		ImGui_ImplWin32_Shutdown();
+		ImGui::DestroyContext();
+		initialized_ = false;
+	}
+}
+
+bool ImGuiLayer::init(HWND hwnd, ID3D11Device* device, ID3D11DeviceContext* context)
+{
+	IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+	ImGui::CreateContext();
+	ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+	io.IniFilename = nullptr; // don't litter the cwd with imgui.ini during the spike
+	ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+
+	if (!ImGui_ImplWin32_Init(hwnd))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (!ImGui_ImplDX11_Init(device, context))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	initialized_ = true;
+	return true;
+}
+
+void ImGuiLayer::begin_frame()
+{
+	ImGui_ImplDX11_NewFrame();
+	ImGui_ImplWin32_NewFrame();
+	ImGui::NewFrame();
+}
+
+void ImGuiLayer::end_frame()
+{
+	ImGui::Render();
+	ImGui_ImplDX11_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/imgui_layer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Owns ImGui setup/teardown for the Win32 + DX11 backends.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+class ImGuiLayer
+{
+public:
+	ImGuiLayer() = default;
+	~ImGuiLayer();
+
+	ImGuiLayer(const ImGuiLayer&) = delete;
+	ImGuiLayer& operator=(const ImGuiLayer&) = delete;
+
+	bool init(HWND hwnd, ID3D11Device* device, ID3D11DeviceContext* context);
+	void begin_frame();
+	void end_frame();
+
+private:
+	bool initialized_ = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/input/input_source.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Abstraction over "where controller input comes from" on the host side.
+//
+// Phase 0/1 use XInputSource: Remote Play Together delivers each guest's gamepad
+// to the focused window (our host) as a virtual XInput controller, so reading
+// XInput is enough to see guests. A future SteamInputSource can implement this
+// same interface for cleaner per-guest handles once the Steamworks SDK is wired.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "coop/protocol.hpp"
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+struct PadInfo
+{
+	bool connected = false;
+	CoopPadState state = {};
+	std::string source; // human-readable label for the debug overlay
+};
+
+class InputSource
+{
+public:
+	virtual ~InputSource() = default;
+
+	// Name of the backend, shown in the overlay.
+	[[nodiscard]] virtual const char* name() const = 0;
+
+	// Refresh all pad slots; call once per frame.
+	virtual void poll() = 0;
+
+	// Latest snapshot of every slot (indexed 0..kMaxPads-1).
+	[[nodiscard]] virtual const std::array<PadInfo, kMaxPads>& pads() const = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/input/xinput_source.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "input/xinput_source.hpp"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <xinput.h>
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+void XInputSource::poll()
+{
+	for (DWORD i = 0; i < kMaxPads; ++i)
+	{
+		XINPUT_STATE state = {};
+		const DWORD result = XInputGetState(i, &state);
+
+		PadInfo& info = pads_[i];
+		if (result == ERROR_SUCCESS)
+		{
+			info.connected = true;
+			info.source = "XInput #" + std::to_string(i);
+
+			// XINPUT_GAMEPAD is laid out identically to the tail of CoopPadState,
+			// so copy field by field to keep the mapping explicit and safe.
+			const XINPUT_GAMEPAD& g = state.Gamepad;
+			info.state.connected = 1;
+			info.state.packet = state.dwPacketNumber;
+			info.state.buttons = g.wButtons;
+			info.state.left_trigger = g.bLeftTrigger;
+			info.state.right_trigger = g.bRightTrigger;
+			info.state.thumb_lx = g.sThumbLX;
+			info.state.thumb_ly = g.sThumbLY;
+			info.state.thumb_rx = g.sThumbRX;
+			info.state.thumb_ry = g.sThumbRY;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			info = PadInfo{};
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/input/xinput_source.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "input/input_source.hpp"
+
+namespace coop
+{
+
+// Reads the four XInput slots. Remote Play Together exposes guest controllers
+// here, alongside any controllers physically attached to the host.
+class XInputSource final : public InputSource
+{
+public:
+	[[nodiscard]] const char* name() const override
+	{
+		return "XInput";
+	}
+
+	void poll() override;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] const std::array<PadInfo, kMaxPads>& pads() const override
+	{
+		return pads_;
+	}
+
+private:
+	std::array<PadInfo, kMaxPads> pads_;
+};
+
+} // namespace coop

host/src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// CoopAllTheThings host -- Phase 0 spike.
+//
+// Brings up the borderless window Steam Remote Play Together will capture and an
+// ImGui overlay that lists every controller it can see. The goal of this build
+// is to validate the riskiest assumption end-to-end: launch this exe under a
+// donor appid (steam -applaunch <donorAppId> <path-to-host.exe>), invite a
+// friend, and confirm (a) the window streams and (b) the guest's gamepad shows
+// up in the overlay. Capture/injection are built on top of this once it holds.
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "d3d11_window.hpp"
+#include "debug_overlay.hpp"
+#include "imgui_layer.hpp"
+#include "input/xinput_source.hpp"
+
+namespace
+{
+
+int run()
+{
+	coop::D3D11Window window;
+	if (!window.create(L"CoopAllTheThings"))
+	{
+		MessageBoxW(nullptr, L"Failed to create the D3D11 window.", L"CoopAllTheThings", MB_ICONERROR);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	coop::ImGuiLayer imgui;
+	if (!imgui.init(window.hwnd(), window.device(), window.context()))
+	{
+		MessageBoxW(nullptr, L"Failed to initialize ImGui.", L"CoopAllTheThings", MB_ICONERROR);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	auto input = std::make_unique<coop::XInputSource>();
+
+	while (window.pump_messages())
+	{
+		input->poll();
+
+		imgui.begin_frame();
+		coop::draw_debug_overlay(*input);
+
+		window.render_frame([&imgui]() { imgui.end_frame(); });
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPWSTR, int)
+{
+	return run();
+}