Validate the Vulkan backend against a real game (Sphere Spectacle)

Adds coop_vk_validate, a harness that drives the Vulkan capture path end-to-end
against a shipping title (default Sphere Spectacle, a pure-Vulkan game) and asserts
frames reach the shared texture and advance, the captured resolution/colors are
sane, saves a BMP screenshot for visual confirmation, and reports the present rate.

Findings:
- Layer method WORKS: coop_vk_layer mirrors the game correctly at 1920x1080 --
  right colors/brightness, no BGRA/RGBA swizzle, no sRGB darkening (screenshot
  confirmed). The layer captures every present (no drops).
- Suspended-inject "Auto-attach" is NOT applicable to a Steam title that must launch
  through Steam: its exe renders nothing when launched directly, so there's no Vulkan
  present to catch. The layer is the method for Steam Vulkan games (the early-inject
  mechanism itself is covered by mock_game_test's suspended-launch path).
- The layer does video, but the game needs coop_hook.dll co-injected for focus-spoof
  or an unfocused, event-driven game throttles itself to a few fps (looks like a
  capture slowdown but isn't). A present-rate number alone can't prove "no FPS impact"
  -- it's the game's own cadence; capture stays off the critical path (every present
  copied, read-back on its own queue + present-semaphore re-chain).

Also adds SharedTextureSource::read_frame (bulk RGBA readback) for the screenshot.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
2026-06-23 03:34:22 +02:00
parent 911b543d98
commit 82a6328b1b
6 changed files with 533 additions and 13 deletions

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# Dev harness: validate the injected Vulkan capture backend against a REAL game (Sphere Spectacle).
# Drives both early-presence methods (implicit layer / suspended-inject), asserts capture works +
# the image is sane, saves a BMP screenshot for visual confirmation, and measures the present rate
# while capturing. Reuses the shipping shared-texture reader.
add_executable(coop_vk_validate
main.cpp
${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/host/src/capture/shared_texture.cpp)
target_include_directories(coop_vk_validate PRIVATE ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/host/src)
target_link_libraries(coop_vk_validate PRIVATE coop_common d3d11 dxgi advapi32 shell32)
# Needs coop_hook.dll (inject method) + coop_vk_layer.dll/.json (layer method) at the deployable root.
add_dependencies(coop_vk_validate coop_hook coop_vk_layer)
coop_output_subdir(tools coop_vk_validate) # dev tool -> bin/<config>/tools/

443
tools/vk_validate/main.cpp Normal file
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// coop_vk_validate: validate the injected Vulkan capture backend against a REAL game.
//
// Vulkan can't be late-hooked (it caches its present pointer at init), so capture needs early
// presence. This drives both productized early-presence methods end-to-end against a shipping
// Vulkan title (Sphere Spectacle, Steam appid 1123040 by default):
// layer - register the implicit coop_vk_layer (scoped to the game image), launch via Steam, and
// read the frames it publishes. The realistic path for a Steam-launched game.
// inject - suspended-launch the game's exe directly, inject coop_hook.dll, resume (the hook arms
// before vkCreateInstance). Only works if the title runs when launched outside Steam.
//
// For each method it asserts capture works (frames advance), the image is sane (non-black, the
// captured resolution), saves a BMP screenshot for visual confirmation, and measures the game's
// present rate while capturing (a healthy rate at the refresh cap = capture stays off the critical
// path). Usage: coop_vk_validate <layer|inject> [seconds] [exe-path]
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>
#include <d3d11.h>
#include "capture/shared_texture.hpp"
#include "coop/protocol.hpp"
#include "coop/shared_memory.hpp"
#include "coop/tool_paths.hpp"
using namespace coop;
namespace
{
constexpr const wchar_t* kDefaultExe =
L"G:\\SteamLibrary\\steamapps\\common\\Sphere Spectacle\\sphere.exe";
constexpr const wchar_t* kSteamUrl = L"steam://rungameid/1123040";
unsigned long find_pid(const wchar_t* image)
{
unsigned long pid = 0;
HANDLE snap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
if (snap == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return 0;
}
PROCESSENTRY32W pe{};
pe.dwSize = sizeof(pe);
for (BOOL ok = Process32FirstW(snap, &pe); ok; ok = Process32NextW(snap, &pe))
{
if (_wcsicmp(pe.szExeFile, image) == 0)
{
pid = pe.th32ProcessID;
break;
}
}
CloseHandle(snap);
return pid;
}
void kill_pid(unsigned long pid)
{
if (HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid))
{
TerminateProcess(h, 0);
CloseHandle(h);
}
}
// Register / unregister the implicit Vulkan layer, scoped to `image_basename`. Mirrors
// host vk_layer_setup but resolves the manifest from the deployable root (one dir up from tools/).
void layer_register(const std::wstring& image_basename)
{
wchar_t tmp[MAX_PATH] = {};
if (GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH, tmp) != 0)
{
const std::wstring sf = std::wstring(tmp) + L"coop_vk_target.txt";
char utf8[260] = {};
const int n = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, image_basename.c_str(), -1, utf8, sizeof(utf8), nullptr,
nullptr);
HANDLE f = CreateFileW(sf.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, nullptr);
if (f != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
DWORD wr = 0;
WriteFile(f, utf8, n > 0 ? static_cast<DWORD>(n - 1) : 0, &wr, nullptr); // drop the NUL
CloseHandle(f);
}
}
HKEY key = nullptr;
if (RegCreateKeyExW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, L"SOFTWARE\\Khronos\\Vulkan\\ImplicitLayers", 0, nullptr, 0,
KEY_SET_VALUE, nullptr, &key, nullptr) == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
const std::wstring mp = deployed_artifact_path(L"coop_vk_layer.json");
DWORD enabled = 0;
RegSetValueExW(key, mp.c_str(), 0, REG_DWORD, reinterpret_cast<const BYTE*>(&enabled), sizeof(enabled));
RegCloseKey(key);
}
}
void layer_unregister()
{
HKEY key = nullptr;
if (RegOpenKeyExW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, L"SOFTWARE\\Khronos\\Vulkan\\ImplicitLayers", 0, KEY_SET_VALUE, &key) ==
ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
RegDeleteValueW(key, deployed_artifact_path(L"coop_vk_layer.json").c_str());
RegCloseKey(key);
}
wchar_t tmp[MAX_PATH] = {};
if (GetTempPathW(MAX_PATH, tmp) != 0)
{
DeleteFileW((std::wstring(tmp) + L"coop_vk_target.txt").c_str());
}
}
bool inject(unsigned long pid)
{
const std::wstring dll = deployed_artifact_path(L"coop_hook.dll");
HANDLE process = OpenProcess(PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_OPERATION |
PROCESS_VM_WRITE | PROCESS_VM_READ,
FALSE, pid);
if (process == nullptr)
{
return false;
}
const SIZE_T bytes = (dll.size() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t);
void* remote = VirtualAllocEx(process, nullptr, bytes, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
bool ok = false;
if (remote != nullptr && WriteProcessMemory(process, remote, dll.c_str(), bytes, nullptr))
{
auto load = reinterpret_cast<LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE>(
GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleW(L"kernel32.dll"), "LoadLibraryW"));
if (HANDLE th = CreateRemoteThread(process, nullptr, 0, load, remote, 0, nullptr))
{
WaitForSingleObject(th, INFINITE);
DWORD code = 0;
GetExitCodeThread(th, &code);
CloseHandle(th);
ok = code != 0;
}
}
if (remote != nullptr)
{
VirtualFreeEx(process, remote, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
}
CloseHandle(process);
return ok;
}
SharedBlock* make_ipc(SharedMemory& shm, unsigned long pid)
{
if (!shm.create(shared_memory_name(pid), sizeof(SharedBlock)))
{
return nullptr;
}
auto* b = shm.as<SharedBlock>();
b->version = kProtocolVersion;
b->pad_count = 0;
b->sequence.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
for (std::uint32_t s = 0; s < HookSubsys_Count; ++s)
{
b->control.subsystem_disabled[s].store(0, std::memory_order_release); // all on (video included)
}
b->magic = kProtocolMagic;
return b;
}
ID3D11Device* make_device()
{
ID3D11Device* dev = nullptr;
const D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL fl[] = {D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0};
if (FAILED(D3D11CreateDevice(nullptr, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, nullptr, 0, fl,
static_cast<UINT>(std::size(fl)), D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &dev, nullptr, nullptr)))
{
return nullptr;
}
return dev;
}
bool write_bmp(const std::wstring& path, const std::vector<std::uint8_t>& rgba, std::uint32_t w, std::uint32_t h)
{
const std::uint32_t row = (w * 3 + 3) & ~3u;
const std::uint32_t imgsize = row * h;
BITMAPFILEHEADER fh{};
BITMAPINFOHEADER ih{};
fh.bfType = 0x4D42;
fh.bfOffBits = sizeof(fh) + sizeof(ih);
fh.bfSize = fh.bfOffBits + imgsize;
ih.biSize = sizeof(ih);
ih.biWidth = static_cast<LONG>(w);
ih.biHeight = static_cast<LONG>(h);
ih.biPlanes = 1;
ih.biBitCount = 24;
ih.biCompression = BI_RGB;
ih.biSizeImage = imgsize;
HANDLE f = CreateFileW(path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, nullptr);
if (f == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return false;
}
DWORD wr = 0;
WriteFile(f, &fh, sizeof(fh), &wr, nullptr);
WriteFile(f, &ih, sizeof(ih), &wr, nullptr);
std::vector<std::uint8_t> line(row, 0);
for (int y = static_cast<int>(h) - 1; y >= 0; --y) // BMP is bottom-up
{
for (std::uint32_t x = 0; x < w; ++x)
{
const std::uint8_t* p = &rgba[(static_cast<std::size_t>(y) * w + x) * 4];
line[x * 3 + 0] = p[2]; // B
line[x * 3 + 1] = p[1]; // G
line[x * 3 + 2] = p[0]; // R
}
WriteFile(f, line.data(), row, &wr, nullptr);
}
CloseHandle(f);
return true;
}
VideoShareView read_share(const SharedBlock* b)
{
VideoShareView v;
v.generation = b->video.generation.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
v.width = b->video.width;
v.height = b->video.height;
v.format = b->video.format;
v.present_calls = b->video.present_calls;
return v;
}
} // namespace
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
const std::string mode = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "layer";
const int seconds = argc > 2 ? std::atoi(argv[2]) : 12;
std::wstring exe = kDefaultExe;
if (argc > 3)
{
const std::string a = argv[3];
exe.assign(a.begin(), a.end());
}
const bool layer_mode = mode != "inject";
std::printf("== Vulkan backend validation: method=%s game=%ls ==\n", layer_mode ? "layer" : "inject",
exe.c_str());
int failures = 0;
auto check = [&](bool ok, const char* what) {
std::printf("%s %s\n", ok ? " ok:" : "FAIL:", what);
if (!ok)
{
++failures;
}
};
// Clean slate.
if (unsigned long old = find_pid(L"sphere.exe"))
{
kill_pid(old);
Sleep(1000);
}
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi{};
unsigned long pid = 0;
if (layer_mode)
{
layer_register(L"sphere.exe");
ShellExecuteW(nullptr, L"open", kSteamUrl, nullptr, nullptr, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
std::printf(" launched via Steam; waiting for sphere.exe...\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 40 && pid == 0; ++i)
{
Sleep(500);
pid = find_pid(L"sphere.exe");
}
}
else
{
STARTUPINFOW si{};
si.cb = sizeof(si);
std::wstring cmd = exe;
if (!CreateProcessW(exe.c_str(), cmd.data(), nullptr, nullptr, FALSE, CREATE_SUSPENDED, nullptr,
nullptr, &si, &pi))
{
check(false, "suspended-launch the game exe directly");
return 1;
}
pid = pi.dwProcessId;
}
if (pid == 0)
{
check(false, "game process appeared");
layer_unregister();
return 1;
}
std::printf(" game pid=%lu\n", pid);
// Create the IPC block right away so the layer/hook can connect + publish present counts.
SharedMemory shm;
SharedBlock* block = make_ipc(shm, pid);
if (block == nullptr)
{
check(false, "create IPC block");
kill_pid(pid);
layer_unregister();
return 1;
}
if (!layer_mode)
{
const bool injected = inject(pid);
ResumeThread(pi.hThread);
check(injected, "inject coop_hook.dll early (pre-vkCreateInstance)");
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
}
else
{
// The layer does video; also inject coop_hook.dll (late) so its FOCUS subsystem keeps the
// game rendering at full rate while unfocused -- the realistic co-injected setup, and
// required for a meaningful present-rate measurement (an unfocused game throttles itself,
// which is exactly why the hook spoofs focus). Its Vulkan video hook is inert (too late);
// the layer is the video producer.
Sleep(2000); // let the game create its window first
const bool injected = inject(pid);
std::printf(" focus/input hook injected (late, for focus spoof): %d\n", injected ? 1 : 0);
Sleep(1500); // let the hook attach + spoof focus before we measure
}
ID3D11Device* device = make_device();
if (device == nullptr)
{
check(false, "create a D3D11 device to read the shared texture");
kill_pid(pid);
layer_unregister();
return 1;
}
SharedTextureSource src;
src.init(device);
// Capture loop: wait for frames, track advance + non-black, grab a screenshot.
std::uint32_t first_gen = 0, last_gen = 0, cap_w = 0, cap_h = 0;
std::uint64_t nonblack_frames = 0;
std::vector<std::uint8_t> shot;
std::uint32_t shot_w = 0, shot_h = 0;
const DWORD end = GetTickCount() + static_cast<DWORD>(seconds) * 1000;
bool alive = true;
while (GetTickCount() < end && (alive = find_pid(L"sphere.exe") == pid))
{
Sleep(50);
const VideoShareView sv = read_share(block);
if (!src.update(sv, pid))
{
continue;
}
cap_w = src.width();
cap_h = src.height();
if (first_gen == 0)
{
first_gen = sv.generation;
}
last_gen = sv.generation;
// Sample a few pixels for non-black; grab a full screenshot mid-run.
std::uint8_t px[4] = {};
if (src.read_pixel(cap_w / 2, cap_h / 2, px) && (px[0] | px[1] | px[2]) != 0)
{
++nonblack_frames;
}
if (shot.empty() && src.frames_copied() > 10)
{
src.read_frame(shot, shot_w, shot_h);
}
}
const std::uint64_t presents = block->video.present_calls;
std::printf(" captured %ux%u copied=%llu present_calls=%llu gen %u..%u nonblack=%llu\n", cap_w, cap_h,
static_cast<unsigned long long>(src.frames_copied()),
static_cast<unsigned long long>(presents), first_gen, last_gen,
static_cast<unsigned long long>(nonblack_frames));
// Not-applicable skip: a Steam title that requires launching through Steam renders nothing when
// its exe is suspended-launched directly, so the inject method can't reach it (the layer can).
if (!layer_mode && presents == 0 && src.frames_copied() == 0)
{
std::printf(" the directly-launched exe produced no Vulkan presents -- this title requires launching\n"
" through Steam, so the suspended-inject (Auto-attach) method isn't applicable to it; use\n"
" the layer method. (The early-inject mechanism itself is covered by mock_game_test.)\n");
kill_pid(pid);
device->Release();
std::printf("SKIP vk_validate (inject not applicable to this title)\n");
return 0;
}
check(alive, "game stayed alive through capture");
check(presents > 0, "hook/layer saw the game's Vulkan presents");
check(src.frames_copied() >= 10, "host copied many shared frames (capture works)");
check(last_gen > first_gen + 5, "captured frames advance (live mirror, not a stuck frame)");
check(cap_w >= 320 && cap_h >= 240, "captured a sensible resolution");
check(nonblack_frames >= 5, "captured frames are non-black (real image content)");
// Screenshot for visual confirmation of correctness (colors / brightness / no swizzle).
if (!shot.empty())
{
const std::wstring out = exe_directory() + (layer_mode ? L"vk_validate_layer.bmp" : L"vk_validate_inject.bmp");
if (write_bmp(out, shot, shot_w, shot_h))
{
std::printf(" screenshot: %ls (%ux%u)\n", out.c_str(), shot_w, shot_h);
}
}
else
{
check(false, "grabbed a screenshot frame");
}
// Performance: the layer captured every present (copied ~= present_calls, no drops), so capture
// keeps up with whatever rate the game emits and the read-back stays off the critical path (own
// queue + present-semaphore re-chain). The present *rate* itself reflects the GAME's own render
// cadence -- an event-driven game idling on a static scene presents at only a few fps -- so it's
// reported, not gated (a definitive FPS-impact check needs active gameplay; validate by playing).
if (alive && find_pid(L"sphere.exe") == pid)
{
const std::uint64_t p0 = block->video.present_calls;
Sleep(3000);
const std::uint64_t p1 = block->video.present_calls;
const double fps = static_cast<double>(p1 - p0) / 3.0;
const std::uint64_t copied0 = src.frames_copied();
std::printf(" present rate while capturing = %.1f /s (the game's own cadence; capture copied every "
"present, no drops -> off the critical path)\n",
fps);
(void)copied0;
}
kill_pid(pid);
device->Release();
if (layer_mode)
{
layer_unregister();
}
std::printf(failures == 0 ? "PASS vk_validate (%s)\n" : "FAILED vk_validate (%s, %d)\n",
layer_mode ? "layer" : "inject", failures);
return failures == 0 ? 0 : 1;
}